The sixth grade Chinese unit 1 teaching plan 1 teaching objectives of normal schools;
Through the form of "reading-narration-analysis", let students tell this story in their own language, understand the writing characteristics of this article, and learn the reasoning method of analyzing first and then drawing conclusions.
Basic knowledge accumulation goal:
Accumulate important words in classical Chinese (utensil, use, evil, demon, etc. ), and combined with the context to understand the meaning.
The design of the core problems that need to be broken through in reading;
How did Xunzi analyze the relationship between "words" and "deeds" step by step? What does he think is the relationship between words and deeds?
Design of oral training;
Read and recite aloud with emotion. According to your own life | What should be included in the "line"?
Design of writing training;
Rewrite this article into an argumentative essay in modern Chinese.
Teaching process:
First, import:
Let the students exchange homework: find information about Xunzi.
Second, read the text by yourself:
1. Read the text by yourself with notes and reference books.
2. Communication, answering and reading difficulties,
3. Organize and accumulate important substantive words.
Third, retell the text:
Let the students try to retell the article in their own words (first in groups, then at random).
Ask the students to think and discuss: (1) How many kinds of expressions of "word" and "line" does the author divide into? (clear: four categories)
First, I can talk and do things.
Second, you can't say or do it.
Third, you can talk, but you can't.
Fourth, say good and do bad.
(2) What is the author's attitude towards these four situations? (Please sum it up in one word)
Clear: respect, love, responsibility, exclusion.
(3) It is easy to see that the author praises those who can talk and do things, but hates those who say good things and do bad things. So, are the other two people completely positive or completely negative? Why? What do you understand from it? (Students discuss and communicate) (Clear: Look at things dialectically and learn from each other's strengths)
Oral Training: What is the relationship between "speech" and "behavior" in Xunzi's view? what do you think?
Combined with daily life: talk about the truth in the article.
6. Read and recite this article: Taste the reasoning method of "analyze first and then draw a conclusion" in this article.
Seven, homework:
I recommend reading Xunzi's other article: Persuade to Learn, and experience the rigorous structure and powerful argument of Xunzi's argumentative essay.
Complete the "Copy, Explain and Translate" homework and workbook.
Attachment: Electronic texts can be spoken in words or made in text.
xunzi
Mouth can speak, body can do, national treasure is also, mouth can't speak, body can do, and national instrument is also. It can be said that the health is not good and the country can use it. Words are good, deeds are evil, and national demons are also. Rulers respect their treasures, love their tools, let them be used, and get rid of their demons.
The sixth grade Chinese unit 1 teaching plan 2 teaching objectives;
Through reading aloud, we can understand the main idea of the article and the relationship between time, place and people.
Understand the progressive writing of the text.
Teaching focus:
Accumulate words and correctly understand the author's point of view.
First, import the text.
We have just learned eight articles of The Analects of Confucius, and we know that Confucius is the founder of Confucianism in China, and he is called a "saint". Later, Mencius inherited and developed Confucianism and called it "Yasheng". Mencius was a representative figure of Confucianism in the Warring States Period and advocated "benevolent government". This spirit is also reflected in the book "The weather is not as good as geography" that we are going to study today.
Second, read the text separately and together.
Requirements:
1, read the pronunciation correctly.
2, pay attention to the sentence, punctuation pause reading.
3. Tell me what the article mainly expounds.
Third, use notes to understand the general idea.
1, students use notes to clarify the meaning of the text and circle the translation of words or sentences that they can't solve.
2. Questioning, dispelling doubts, summing up and supplementing
The whole class discusses the problems that students can't solve.
3. Accumulate several real words and function words.
Wisdom: The success of Sanli, Guo of Qili: Yes.
Encircle: refers to battlements.
And: the ring is invincible: the front, the table to undertake; After that, the table is transferred.
Husband: I said that I want to make a comment below.
However, those who didn't win, ...: But this is.
Relatives: internal and external relatives
Go: Give up when you go.
Domain: restriction, nouns as verbs.
Pan: Through "rebellion".
4, master a few sentences
The weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as people;
The favorable season is not comparable to the favorable geographical environment, and the favorable geographical environment is not comparable to people's hearts.
Those who gain the Tao help more, while those who lose the Tao help less:
People with benevolence and morality can get the support of the broad masses, while those without benevolence and morality can't get any help.
Fourth, understand the text structure and Mencius' thought.
1. Is the argument of this article that "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as people's harmony" or "those who gain the Tao will help more, and those who lose it will help less"?
Clear: the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as people.
The first paragraph: make an argument
Opportunities vouchsafed by Heaven are outmatched by terrestrial advantages, which in turn are outmatched by the harmony among people.
The second and third paragraphs: analysis of arguments
Judging from the second and third paragraphs, the main content involved is related to war. In the second paragraph, from the point of view of the siege party, although the attack was on a small town and the weather and season favorable to the battle were chosen, the favorable geographical position favorable to the attack was not chosen, so it was "invincible", which strongly proved the view that "the weather is not as good as the geographical position". In the third paragraph, from the perspective of guarding the city, it is written that guarding the city is guarding the "high city" and "deep pool". The army is strong and the rice valley is abundant, but it abandoned the city and fled, obviously because "the geographical position is not as good as human harmony"
The fourth paragraph: Summarize the argument and come to the conclusion that "those who gain the Tao will help more, while those who lose the Tao will help less".
The fourth paragraph mainly involves "frontier defense", "national consolidation", "military reform", "frontier defense", "attack" and "victory in war", all of which are words describing war. It can be seen that the main length of this article is about war, but the author's attitude is not to advocate victory in war, but to oppose unjust war and shock the world with the benefits of military reform. Then what will win the war? In this regard, the author naturally put forward his own ideas: if you get more Michinosuke, you will do your best to help and the world will be smooth. The conclusion is: defeat the enemy without fighting; Even if you want to fight, you must win the battle. Judging from this passage, the author only takes the war as an example, and the foothold is to talk about the way of governing the country, specifically, "the way of harmony between people" and "the way of benevolent government." It can be seen that "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as the harmony between people" can be the central argument of this paper, and "getting more help from the Tao, getting less help from the Tao" is the main theme of this paper.
2. About Mencius
Mencius, Mink, Zi Yuzi. One of the representatives of Confucianism in the Warring States period. He is the author of Mencius, which belongs to a collection of recorded prose. Known as the "Asian sage", it is also called "Confucius and Mencius" with Confucius.
Verb (short for verb) homework
1, recite
2. Accumulate words by classification
3. Expand: understand famous sayings and aphorisms in combination with the reality of study and life.
Sixth grade Chinese unit 1 teaching plan 3 teaching objectives:
Master Mencius' literary common sense and political ideas, accurately grasp the writing intention of the article, and promote Mencius' benevolent government.
Clarify the thinking of argument and master the methods of analogy, positive and negative arguments and examples to prove the point of view.
Experience the expression effect of double negation and parallelism sentences in the process of argument.
Teaching emphasis: master the methods of analogy, positive and negative arguments and examples to prove opinions.
Teaching difficulties: accurately grasp the writing intention of the article, master the methods of analogy, positive and negative arguments and examples to prove the point of view.
Teaching process:
First, import
1, review: Who is the founder of Confucianism?
What is the core idea of Confucian school?
What do you think is "benevolence"?
2. Confucius was in the late Spring and Autumn Period. After the Spring and Autumn Period, it entered the Warring States Period. What characteristics did the word "Warring States" reflect at that time? What do you think the warring States monarchs are most concerned about?
Mencius, who lived in the Warring States Period, was another representative of Confucianism after Confucius. In the face of the warring States kings who only want to conquer other countries through war, what method will Mencius, who is wise and eloquent, use to promote the Confucian political proposition of "loving the people" How did he "cheat" the monarchs such as,, Liang, etc? Today, our class is called "cunning Meng" instead of "the right time, the right place and the right people".
Second, a reading of the text, translation dredge
1, read the text by yourself, and read out Mencius' confidence in persuading Wang to reason.
2. Read aloud in groups, read out the momentum of reasoning, and pay attention to the reading method of parallelism sentences.
3. Students translate each other, circle the words and phrases they don't understand, and help each other answer.
4. Name translation, with emphasis.
City, Guo, Shi, Chi, Huan, Bing, Wei, Qu, Yu, closest relatives, Zhi and Shun.
Panfu
Third, grasp the center.
1. What do you think is the real purpose of Mencius writing this article? Teach kings how to attack other countries? What sentences can you read Mencius' true thoughts from the article?
Opportunities vouchsafed by Heaven are outmatched by terrestrial advantages, which in turn are outmatched by the harmony among people.
Those who gain the Tao help more, while those who lose the Tao help less.
2. The original meaning of "Tao" is "Tao", which was later extended to the meaning of "Fa, Fa". Combined with Mencius' political ideas, what do you think Mencius specifically means by "harmony between people" here?
Benevolent politics, attaching importance to the people and neglecting the monarch-loving the people
This is the way to make the world peaceful and people live and work in peace and contentment.
3. The argument center of this paper is "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as people's harmony", and the truth to be expressed is "getting more help from the Tao, getting less help from the Tao". The intention of writing is to persuade the rulers at that time to implement benevolent policies.
4. As an argumentative paper, there is generally a discussion process of putting forward arguments, analyzing arguments and drawing conclusions. In this paper, how did Mencius put forward arguments, analyze arguments and draw conclusions? Read this article again.
Fourth, the demonstration process
1. During the Warring States Period, when wars were raging and countries fought to the death, would the king adopt the principle of benevolent governance? What method did Mencius, who was eloquent and somewhat cunning, adopt?
Attract the king's interest through military affairs, and then slowly introduce the king into the "trap" of "benevolent government" set by himself through layers of reasoning.
2. How did Mencius explain from a military perspective that "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as human harmony"? What is the relationship between the second, third and first sections?
Give factual arguments and give examples respectively: the weather is not as good as the geographical location; Geographical location is not as harmonious as humanity.
3. What's the difference between the second section and the third section? What expressive effect does Mencius want to achieve by using double negation here?
Positive and negative arguments, strengthen persuasion. Double negative emphasis.
What do you think is the function of harmony among weather, geographical location, people and other three factors?
Internal cause is the basis of the development and change of things, and external cause is the condition of the development and change of things. Internal factors determine external factors.
With "harmony between people", other problems can be easily solved through collective wisdom and strength.
After Mencius finished the military, he compared the most important truth of "harmony between people" to the field of governing the country. In the fourth section, the author mainly adopts the method of reasoning, which belongs to rational argument. What is the expression effect of parallelism sentences in this paper?
Reasoning; Enhance the language potential and be more convincing.
6. So what does Mencius think can be "harmony between people"? How did Mencius further demonstrate the truth that "Tao helps less"?
The pros and cons.
7. So far, do you think Mencius' truth is clear? Please sort out the process of Mencius' argument.
8. Is the sentence "Therefore, a gentleman will defeat his enemy without fighting, and the war will win" advocating or not advocating war? Why?
It seems to be teaching the king how to fight. In fact, the meaning behind the text is that a real gentleman will not fight casually. A gentleman loves peace and doesn't fight unless he has to. If the king is keen on fighting, then you are not a gentleman-this shows Mencius' "cunning".
Review and summary of verbs (abbreviation of verb)
1, please review the following. How did Mencius guide the king step by step to arouse the interest of the king and finally guide the king to implement the political proposition of "benevolent government" to Mencius?
Your majesty must listen carefully when he hears that Mencius is going to talk about the way of war. After Mencius demonstrated from both positive and negative aspects, from military analogy to the strategy of governing the country, he was drawn by Mencius' rigorous argument and sincerely believed that "harmony between people" was really needed to win the battle and govern the country well. At this time, the king who fell into the trap arranged by Mencius will naturally ask what is the method of "harmony between people". Mencius put forward the principle of "getting more help from the Tao, getting less help from the Tao" and discussed it from both positive and negative aspects.
2. What methods have you learned to prove your point of view through this article?
3. Connecting with real life, talk about what enlightenment you got from "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as people's harmony" and "getting more help from the Tao and getting less help from the Tao"?