Garden landscape design needs to increase the artistic sense of architectural space to improve its ornamental effect as a landscape. Especially in the traditional garden theory of our country, various design schemes are often adopted to increase the sense of hierarchy in the design form. In modern landscape design theory, this landscape form is classified and summarized as the concept of "grey space", forming a systematic knowledge system and application methods.
Concept description of 1 gray space
The concept of "grey space" was put forward by Japanese architect Akiji Kurokawa. The core of its concept is the description of the external space environment of the building. Through the application of concrete building structure, the building structure is linked with the external space, so as to achieve the overall design effect. In Kurokawa's theoretical system, it is advocated that the architectural space should be designed in a colorless mixed style of red, blue, yellow, green and white. In the process of reconciling these different architectural colors, the concept of "gray space" was formed. On the basis of blurring the boundary between "black" and "white", it plays a greater role in cohesion and makes the architectural space truly become a systematic whole structure.
2. Gray space form in landscape design
2. 1 basic road. In landscape design, the road is the basic "gray space" form. While designing the structure, it can not only divide and adjust the green landscape environment of different partitions, but also play a key role in the process of connecting different partitions. Thus, the road in landscape design is perfectly combined with the theory of "grey space". For example, in the design and application of garden landscape, different landscape environments can be set on both sides of the road. In the landscape effect comparison facilities of trees, flowers and other green plants, the road can be regarded as the axis of natural division to form a hierarchical spatial structure. At the same time, when using roads to build a "gray space" structure, the two roads can also be cross-cut. While constituting the traffic network structure, the leisure area in the garden landscape environment can present a hierarchical architectural effect. In addition, in the design of garden landscape, the road as a "gray space" needs to be properly adjusted according to its surrounding environmental parameters in the process of shape design. Based on the comparison of the surrounding landscape environment, the size and shape of landscape roads are modified to ensure the application effect of "grey space". The concept of "grey space" has been applied in Suzhou gardens in China. For example, in the setting of the tree-lined road in Lingering Garden, through the modeling design of the forest road, we should highlight the deep and natural characteristics, and build the architectural structure of "small building with flower steps" on the basis of applying full-diameter stones. For another example, in the design of trails near water environment, pebbles can be used to adapt to the visual experience effect of water body transition, set off the waterside scenery such as "cool wind pool" and "lively splash", and supplement the sensory enjoyment of tourists. Landscape design based on the concept of "grey space" needs to adjust the terrain structure properly. By adjusting the three-dimensional entity and thinking space, the paving effect can be optimized and a richer landscape effect can be formed. From the perspective of topographic structure, the adjustment of "grey space" of this topographic form can be roughly divided into three types: surface, steps and pavement. First of all, in the application of surface structure, it is necessary to deal with the ground expression effect in large-scale structure of landscape planning and design. Through the control of color and material, green plants and low flowers and plants are used to supplement the surface modeling, so that it can show the design effect of "changing scenery" in flexible application. Secondly, in the trail design, the application effect of vertical greening can be increased. Through the setting of large-scale integral viewing steps, the contents of trail square and green pavement are added to the step structure to strengthen its visual effect. Finally, in the application of pavement structure, we can constantly change and adjust the footpath space on the basis of configuring the corresponding plants, and increase the layering and visual effect of the space environment by controlling the paving materials and forms. The most typical case of this application effect is Da Vinci Wave Park in Tokyo, Japan.
2.3 Green plant isolation. In landscape design, the application of green plants is the basic content. In the process of constructing "grey space" structure, the application value of green plants can also be brought into play. Through the design and treatment of different environmental spaces, a complete functional space is formed while showing the overall and individual effects of green plants, and the planning and treatment of leisure and functional areas are realized. Under the guidance of this design concept, green plants can be used to separate the space environment. Among them, the most widely used is the setting and use of hedges. Through hedgerow, a relatively low isolation belt can be constructed, hierarchical space can be displayed, the application design of green plants can be realized, and the application effect in landscape environment can be improved. In addition, in the application design of street trees, this design effect can also be formed, and at the same time, a growing design application can be formed, which has open conditions and can accommodate more cultural design elements and realize the overall growth of architectural space.
2.4 Landscape sketch. Landscape sketch, to a certain extent, will also form a "gray space" effect. Especially in the setting of functional facilities, it can not only play a basic role of embellishment, but also complete the goal of spatial adjustment in the process of forming the focus of sight. For example, in the use of lamps, chairs and other functional facilities, it can naturally supplement the isolation effect, and at the same time interact with tourists to form the focus of sight and guide the overall adjustment of the space. For another example, in the structural design of flower stands and cloisters, decorative effects can be formed in the environmental space, and the design structure of the overall environment can be enriched by setting special scenery characteristics. Therefore, when applying this guiding theory, the existence of "grey space" can be implied in the subconscious of tourists, and under the influence of certain landscape conditions, the monotonicity of "grey space" can be supplemented to complete the construction of garden landscape environment more deeply.
3 Conclusion
To sum up, the application of "grey space" in landscape design is an important way to ensure the layering of landscape design, and it is also a necessary method to optimize the overall landscape environment design. In the application process, it is necessary to form targeted design ideas for different gray space forms such as roads, topography, green plants and landscapes, so as to better play the role of landscape functions and ensure the rationality of garden landscape design.
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