The psychological quality of contemporary college students not only affects their own development, but also relates to the improvement of the quality of the whole nation and the cultivation of cross-century talents. A large number of surveys show that the main reason for the high incidence of college students in China is psychological disorder, and psychological diseases have become the main diseases of college students. Specific manifestations are terror, anxiety, compulsion, depression and emotional crisis, neurasthenia and so on. The psychological problems of contemporary college students can not be ignored.
An analysis of the causes of psychological problems of contemporary college students;
On the one hand, the problems of college students' psychological quality are related to their own psychological development stage, and at the same time, they are inseparable from their social environment. Due to immature psychological development and emotional instability, college students are faced with a series of physiological, psychological and social adaptation issues, and psychological conflicts and contradictions occur from time to time. If these conflicts and contradictions are not effectively channeled and reasonably solved, psychological barriers will be formed over time, especially for contemporary college students. In order to win in the fierce competition for the college entrance examination, they almost devoted themselves to their studies. Over-protection of parents, examination-oriented education in schools and lack of life experience make these students psychologically fragile, weak-willed, and lack of tolerance for setbacks. Small setbacks in study, life, making friends, falling in love and choosing a job. It is unbearable for some of them, leading to mental illness, even leaving school and committing suicide. All kinds of confusion, confusion, anxiety and tension caused by inadaptability to the changing environment have increased significantly. The psychological impact of social change on growing college students is stronger and more complicated than ever before. Various physiological factors, psychological confusion and social factors are intertwined, which easily leads to the unbalanced psychological development of college students. People with poor psychological quality naturally can't adapt to the environment of high speed, high technology and high competition, and heavy psychological load can easily lead to various psychological diseases.
1. Objectively speaking, compared with middle schools, great changes have taken place in study, life and interpersonal relationships.
1) The tasks, contents and methods of learning have changed. Middle school students learn basic knowledge, and college students learn professional knowledge. Middle schools have teachers to help them every day. Universities should have strong self-study ability and think and solve problems independently. New college students often don't adapt to this changing study life and don't know how to adapt and control their time.
2) The living environment has changed. Some freshmen have the experience of sending students to middle school, but most of them still go to school and live with their families after school. After entering the university, the class group becomes the main living environment and the dormitory becomes the main living area. It is really a problem for those who are used to relying on their parents and family. This change has brought them some mental pressure.
3) Interpersonal relationships are more complicated than in middle school. Most freshmen live in places where middle schools are concentrated. From primary school to middle school, there are some partners who have been together since childhood. The head teacher served for several years and met every day. Familiar faces, similar languages and customs constitute their familiar living environment. Entering the university, people around you come from different regions, have never met before, have different languages and customs; Students have changed from being lively and intimate to being unfamiliar, making it difficult to talk about ideas. So every holiday will be homesick, will miss classmates, will have a sense of loneliness.
2. Subjective aspects
There is a contradiction between the dependence of new material life and the independent consciousness of spiritual life; There is a contradiction between the increasing consciousness of self-reliance and self-improvement in subjective desire and the possibility and ability in objective conditions. These two reasons can easily make freshmen who can't adapt to the new environment have the following psychological problems:
One is blind complacency and narcissism. Because they passed the college entrance examination, teachers praised them, classmates envied them, relatives and friends praised them, and parents celebrated them. Some students gradually relaxed their fighting spirit in this narcissism and relaxed all day, thinking that they were top students in middle schools and their college grades would not be bad, thus relaxing their demands on themselves and being blindly complacent.
The second is disappointment and feeling out of favor. Some students idealize and mystify college life before entering the university, and feel that the gap between ideal and reality is too big after entering the university, which leads to disappointment. Some students used to be top students in middle schools, and they are the key protection objects of families and schools. When they enter the university, they will feel out of favor.
The third is to relax and rest. Some students think that being admitted to the university is an iron rice bowl. The goal of long-term struggle has been achieved, psychologically satisfied, and physically hoped to have a rest. In addition, after entering the university, the goal of struggle is unclear, the adaptability is not strong, and the motivation of competition is weakened, resulting in the psychology of "relaxing and resting", which can no longer inspire the courage to advance.
The fourth is cowardice. Because of the change of the environment, I hesitate not to look back, not to participate in social activities, not to patronize the sports ground. Besides studying all day, I have nothing to do and live a single life, which hinders the development of my personality.
Educational countermeasures for college students psychological problems;
People's psychological quality is not innate, but depends on acquired education and training, and education plays a decisive role in improving psychological quality.
1, give full play to the role of school psychological counseling.
School psychological consultation is an important way to improve students' psychological health and optimize their psychological quality, and it is also an important part of psychological quality education. Psychological counseling can guide students to reduce inner contradictions and conflicts, solve their worries and difficulties, and develop their physical and mental potential. It can also help students understand themselves correctly, grasp themselves and adapt to the external environment effectively. In recent years, the psychological counseling institutions have been continuously improved and the service forms are diverse, which has become the most effective way for college students' psychological quality education.
2. Carry out mental health survey of freshmen to realize early detection and prevention of psychological problems.
The premise of developing psychological quality education is to understand the situation of mastering students' psychological quality, so as to put forward targeted educational measures and programs. Students with psychological symptoms are screened out by using the "Mental Health Questionnaire", and they are invited to the psychological counseling center for further analysis and diagnosis through interviews, so as to distinguish different types and degrees of problems and take different countermeasures to prevent problems before they happen, so that students can find psychological problems early and intervene in time, so that they can get targeted mental health guidance at the beginning of enrollment.
3. Offering compulsory courses of psychological education to improve self-education ability.
The improvement of psychological quality is inseparable from the mastery of corresponding knowledge. Systematic study of psychology, hygiene and health is helpful for students to understand the law of psychological development, master psychological adjustment methods and enhance their self-education ability. Psychological quality education is to focus on cultivating students' ability of self-education.
4. Strengthen the construction of campus culture and create a good psychological and social environment for the healthy growth of college students.
The healthy growth of college students is inseparable from a healthy psychological and social environment, and the cultivation of college students' psychological quality is inseparable from a good campus cultural atmosphere. School spirit is an important content of campus culture construction, and it is also an important condition that affects students' psychological development. Good school spirit will subtly optimize students' psychological quality, and colorful campus cultural activities will help cultivate students' optimistic attitude towards life and healthy and cheerful emotional characteristics. Therefore, schools should devote themselves to the construction of campus culture, carry out various cultural and sports activities and academic activities, and form a healthy and progressive atmosphere and a relaxed understanding environment, which will help students deepen their self-awareness, fully develop their personality and improve their adaptability.
Excellent psychological quality plays an important role in improving the comprehensive quality of young students. 2 1 century is a century of ideological and cultural agitation, diverse values, the impact of news and public opinion, and rapid social changes. Faced with such a complicated world, the psychological endurance of talents in 2 1 century will undergo a more severe test. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously strengthen the education and cultivation of young college students' psychological qualities such as adaptability, endurance, control, willpower, thinking ability, creativity and self-confidence, so that they can truly understand that if they want to occupy the future, they should not only do a good job in ideological and moral reserves, intelligence and physique, but also be psychologically prepared to overcome various difficulties and setbacks, thus guiding them to scientifically get out of the misunderstanding of self-knowledge, renew their concepts, break through time and space, surpass themselves and soar in the fight.