He is a thinker, educator, politician and legend. The achievements of his life have perfectly realized the noblest ideals of ancient China literati-establishing heaven and earth, cultivating people, learning from the ancient times and the world. Later scholars praised him as a saint who kept his word and made meritorious deeds. He got on the horse as a general, dismounted as a teacher, and lived in the court. He is one of the most active Confucian thinkers. He was unique and set off a wave of Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty, which had a far-reaching impact on generations of intellectuals. He is Wang Yangming, and his theory of mind is of far-reaching significance in the history of China's thoughts.

Wang Yangming, who was called a saint by his disciples, was once a crazy teenager. This diaosi crazy, when he was 15 or 16 years old, was revealed. As a young man, he hopes to truly understand the true meaning of Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism, which has been the goal pursued by most scholars since the Song Dynasty. For Wang Yangming as a teenager, Zhuge was the most important thing. Zhu is a master of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty. He advocates that universal truth exists in concrete things. Therefore, if we want to find justice, we must use the "Wu Ge" method. Wu Ge in Wu Ge is studying it. We should study the theory of specific things today and tomorrow. After accumulating to a certain extent, we can suddenly realize that everything is nothing more than the presentation of justice.

The bamboo forest in the backyard of his father's yamen became the carrier for young Wang Yangming to seek justice. He lived in seclusion, like an old monk, quietly looking at the bamboo forest in front of him, feeling the troubles in the bamboo forest and observing the changes in bamboo details. In this way, he spent seven whole days, sleepless at night, looking forward to an epiphany, and finally the bamboo forest in front of him was not what it used to be. However, this bamboo forest is not what it used to be.

Du Weiming: He asked the teacher what is the first person in the world, so the teacher said that you should study and fail because his father is a top scholar, so maybe you should learn from your father. As a result, he directly reflected that maybe not, maybe you should study and be a saint. Of course, his father, Wang Hua, felt happy and shocked after hearing this, saying that you actually wanted to be a saint. Of course, in Yangming's mind, what is a saint?

Wang Yangming, whose real name is Shouren, was born in a typical scholarly family. According to Wang's genealogy, his ancestors can be traced back to a noble family in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His father, Wang Hua, was the number one scholar in Chenghua for seventeen years. He is a literary courtier around the son of heaven. Wang Yangming, who came from a family of elegant poets, showed great wisdom since he was a child and improvised the poem "Covering the Moon". If a person's eyes are as big as the sky, he should see that the mountains are higher and the moon is wider. The unique and open poetic scene and eclectic vision show his alertness and thinking level beyond his age. Wang Yangming wrote a large number of poems in his life, including more than 600 poems in Wang Yangming's Complete Works, and now more than 40 poems with different ranks have been discovered. He is good at poetry and calligraphy, mostly cursive, and is collected all over the world. His calligraphy style is innovative, his poetic style is elegant and natural, and he is skilled in painting, which contains his philosophy of life.

From the age of 1 1, he left his hometown of Yuyao and followed his father Wang Hua to Beijing. Wang Yangming had the opportunity to read many Confucian classics. The Confucian concept of self-cultivation and governing the country inspired the boy like fire. He is eager to explore the true meaning of things and discover the outside world. Wang Yangming began to implement the next step. This time I went to the frontier fortress and went to Juyongguan, Zijingguan and Daomaguan in Hebei. He ran around with great ambition. At that time, there were frequent wars in the northwest frontier. He asked the border people about the tribes of all ethnic groups and listened to their good plans for border defense. He took a look at the situation of mountains and rivers. The Great Wall rises and falls, stretches across Wan Li and is magnificent.

Du Weiming: In Confucianism, we mainly talk about self-cultivation, from Tian Zi to Shu Ren. First, they are all based on self-cultivation. Self-cultivation, both internal and external. Cultivate one's morality, rule the country, level the world and push the world. But more importantly, inward, how can we be honest, how can we be sincere, and how can we know and respect things.

After a month's inspection in the frontier fortress, the ranger Wang Yangming came back, and the anxious Wang family always settled down, but things were far from over. Since ancient times, Wang Yangming, a heroic teenager, wanted to write a letter to the emperor and put forward a defensive strategy to level the bandits. After writing this letter, Wang Yangming, full of youthful fantasies, solemnly presented it to his father Wang Hua and asked him to present it to his home today. However, his blood was boiling, but he was greeted by his father, who called him arrogant. His father's good drinking didn't make Wang Yangming give up. He studied Sun Tzu's art of war and collected walnuts to practice formation at every family dinner. A teenager talks on paper all day, and the father thinks it's time for his son to get married. Marriage is needed to control his restless and crazy soul. In the first year of Hongzhi, Emperor Xiaozong of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Yangming went to Nanchang to marry the Zhujiajian at the behest of his father. This young man who has just entered the marriage hall has endless thirst for knowledge and pursuit of his inner world. At this time, Wang Yangming did not need marriage control, but needed a mentor to point out the direction of his inner heart. 1489, in the second year after his marriage, he returned to his hometown in Zhejiang with his new wife. When passing through Shangrao, Jiangxi, he specially visited an important person, that is, Lou Liang, a famous philosopher who played an important role in Wang Yangming's life. Lou Liang can be said to be the spiritual mentor of young Wang Yangming, guiding him to the upward path.

Yu: Lou Liang said that the heart of restraint and indulgence is the door of respect, which is the basic method of getting started. What does the second sentence mean? Don't forget not to help, which means that you should not have all kinds of distractions, this kind of thinking and that kind of thinking, and don't rely on the outside world to help you improve your moral quality.

The great ambition of being a saint can't solve Wang Yangming's realistic problems. At that time, in order to make a difference in governing the country, everyone had to take the imperial examination, which was the only way to be an official. /kloc-when he was 0/9 years old, his father instructed him to study Confucian classics and prepare for the imperial examination. To take the imperial examination, he must be familiar with the classic teachings of Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism. In the Ming dynasty, scholars were selected by Confucian classics, and scholars were selected by imperial examinations, and questions were given from the four books and five classics. In the early Ming Dynasty, the study of Zhuzi was the national ideology of the Ming Dynasty. Some scholars even think that Zhu's Notes on the Four Books is profound and profound, which has given full play to the thoughts of ancient sages. There is no need for future generations to make red tape, just practice step by step according to Zhu's instructions.

Du Weiming: In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu was the most influential scholar. Zhu is known because he passed the imperial examination. There is a basic Zhu Xi which we call gradual teaching, that is, there are sudden teaching and gradual teaching in Buddhism. He is gradual, that is, gradually accumulate your knowledge, and then after accumulating knowledge, the prophet will act. You have knowledge first and accumulate knowledge, and most people are preparing for the imperial examination, just like our college entrance examination now.

According to his father's instructions, Wang Yangming began to prepare for the imperial examination. Ten years later, 28-year-old Wang Yangming participated in Hongzhi for eleven years, passed the Jinshi exam, and finally entered the official career as his father wished. In and out of officialdom, Wang Yangming was sent to the Ministry of Industry for an internship. At that time, there were frequent wars in the northwest, and the value of the stars changed. The court asked for advice. Wang Yangming, who has a long-term frontier fortress complex, has been paying attention to the frontier fortress situation, so Wang Yangming finally realized his desire to be sparse since he was fifteen years old. In the process of dredging, he put forward eight countermeasures, namely, storing materials for emergency, using short materials for long-term use, simplifying teachers and saving money, ploughing and eating, prospering by law, provoking ferns, donating small forces, and strictly observing good and bad luck. After more than ten years of preparation, this visit is very reasonable. But Wang Yangming's regret is that his paper is like a mud cow in the sea, and there is no response. At this time, the court officials only knew how to muddle along, and the whole officialdom was like a stagnant pool. Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism not only failed to inject vitality into the Ming Dynasty, but made him more rigid. Although he is 30 years old, Wang Yangming feels that he has accomplished nothing, his old values are collapsing, and his thoughts and knowledge cannot be displayed. He felt extremely depressed and confused.

This is Yangming Cave on Wan Wei South Road, about 6 kilometers away from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. It has been a sacred place of Taoism since ancient times. In the fifteenth year of Hongzhi, Wang Yangming, 3 1 year-old, took time off to go back to his hometown to recuperate and built a room next to Yangming Cave. He temporarily put aside Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism and his family's country and world, and was not interested in enjoying the natural scenery. He thought hard and practiced hard, trying to find a cure for the spiritual crisis in Buddhism and Taoism. He just thinks hard every day, which has bothered him for more than 30 years. In Yangming cave, all kinds of past experiences floated to Wang Yangming's mind, and riding and shooting military science was useless after all. Although learning Buddhism to support the elderly can be enjoyable, what should I do if my great-grandmother and my father are both dying? One day, Wang Yangming suddenly realized that the affection for his loved ones had existed since he was a child. This is human nature and the foundation of being a man. If we cut off our childhood feelings about interpersonal relationships, we will destroy human nature. Therefore, people's self-realization should be based on accepting the universal feelings of human beings, rather than giving up the responsibility of human relations under the pretext of visiting Taoism and practicing Zen.

Du Weiming: If my grandmother can forget this idea and I am still not alone, then this is the most critical topic between Confucianism and other academics. The history of Confucianism's entry into WTO means that some feelings cannot be forgotten and cut off, and you are a necessary condition for being a man.

For Wang Yangming, Yangming Cave is not only a physical space for self-cultivation, but also a physical space for him to abandon Buddhism and return to Confucianism. Before leaving Yangming Cave, he made a bold decision to return to Confucius and Mencius. More importantly, what he learned in the cave was not the rule of Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism, but that he would start to break the shackles of Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism on people's thoughts and go his own way. Yang Mingdong's thinking was a very important experience, which greatly changed his life.

Zhou Yueliang: If you want to make contributions, you must walk on the golden road of Confucianism. There is no other choice. After practicing, he thinks that the spirit of ups and downs is meaningless, that is, to become immortal, to make contributions, and to make a statement and become a virtue.

1505 is an important year for Wang Yangming. At the age of 34, Wang Yangming was in charge of the Ministry of Military Affairs. It was this year that he began to formally recruit disciples to give lectures and preach Taoism in Beijing. During this period, he also met the philosopher Zhan Ruoshui and found an ideological bosom friend. Chen Baisha, Zhan Ruoshui's teacher, was a famous Neo-Confucianist in the early Ming Dynasty. He advocated abandoning books, writing quietly, smelling and understanding the body and mind. He was an important figure who started the study of mind in Ming Dynasty, which was secretly consistent with Wang Yangming's thought. At this time, Wang Yangming seems to see a new direction. He and Zhan Ruoshui are learning from each other, hoping to open up a new world outside the mainstream ideological circle. However, to cross Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism, he still has a big mountain to cross, and that is himself.

After the death of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty, Wu Zong succeeded to the throne at the age of fifteen. Eunuch Liu Jin and others are gaining power day by day. They circle the mountains, confuse Taiwan and attack ministers who refuse to unify. Most ministers who stayed in the first dynasty resigned reluctantly and returned to their hometowns. Dai Xian and others tried to dissuade them and arrested them. As a minister of the Ministry of War, Wang Yangming is faced with two choices, either to protect himself or to go forward bravely. Choosing the former can ensure his occupational safety, and choosing the latter will be inevitable. He realized that following the path of Confucius and Mencius means taking the right path. Morality is true knowledge as long as it is put into practice, and it is the unshirkable responsibility of scholar-officials to know that it is impossible to do it.

Therefore, Wang Yangming decided to risk his life to come forward and make suggestions and suggested forgiving the official. Liu Jin was furious and threw him into prison. The court staff was in a coma for more than forty times and it took a long time to recover. Although he was not killed, he was later demoted as a post in Longchang, Guizhou, and the road to Guizhou was extremely difficult and dangerous. However, this road of relegation is also the road of Wang Yangming's mind learning. 1in the spring of 508, Wang Yangming went through all kinds of hardships and traveled long distances to Longchang. Longchangyi, in the Wanshan jungle of northwest Guizhou, is very small, with only one Cheng Yi and one official. When I first arrived, I didn't even have a place to live, so I had to build a hut to live in, but this hut was difficult to shelter from the wind and rain, so Wang Yangming moved to a cave in Dongfeng, called Yangming Cave. Yangming Cave is located in xiuwen county, Guizhou, on Longgang Mountain in the east of the city. Now there are cliffs in the cave before Ming, Qing and Republic of China. The Dragon Field in Ming Dynasty was located in Wanshan jungle in northwest Guizhou, where there were poisonous snakes, witchcraft, miasma and plague. Most people in Longchang are Miao and Li natives, so communication is very difficult. The only person who can talk to him is the Han bandits who stay in this area. Such a poor piece of land turned out to be Wang Yangming's spiritual home. He was trapped in exile, not defeated by the harsh environment, and always maintained high optimism. He built a grotto for himself and lived in it day and night to meditate on life and understand life and death.

Du Weiming: If you are a Confucian, you have nothing, no interpersonal relationship, and you are lonely, can you still be a Confucian? At that time, his epiphany was called self-sufficiency, and I was complete as a person. However, this epiphany is very different from Buddhism or Taoism. He was the first person to recite the Five Classics. Is there any contradiction between my feeling now and my sense of self-sufficiency and the Confucian classics I read? After he passed the test of these five classics, he felt that there was no contradiction, so he later developed Confucian psychology.

Wang Yangming's self-consciousness is to look outward, seek the inner world, meet the direct challenge from the outside or pay attention to the inner subjectivity. He sat in the grottoes day and night and gradually experienced inner peace. After a long period of meditation, one night, as if someone were talking to him in a dream, Wang Yangming shouted carnival in a trance. He finally found a satisfactory answer to the long-troubled problem of unreasonable troubles, that is, mind is reason.

Du Weiming: Well, from Lu Xiangshan's point of view, because sex is right, that is, all people engaged in the study of Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties accepted it, but Xunzi did not accept it. This is Mencius' theory, which is sex. Our humanity itself embodies the essence of human beings, which is rationality. If you use Mencius' theory, this essence is your four ends, sadness, shame and evil.

Realizing Tao in Longchang is the beginning of Wang Yangming's construction of mind. Since then, his heart has burst like a river, which is beyond his control. Wang Yangming's theory of mind has since been a revolution to Zhu's orthodoxy. When he looked at everything with his heart and mind, he found a new and meaningful world, the problem of plaid bamboo that was entangled in his youth. At this time, it was completely dissolved and the living conditions gradually improved. The local people built several houses for Wang Yangming as his place to live and give lectures, which were named Longgang Academy, Helouxuan, Gentleman Pavilion and Xi Yi Nest. After modernization, the original appearance of Longgang Academy has been preserved. The grand occasion of Wang Yangming's lecture in Longgang soon spread to the provincial capital. Guizhou promoted Xi Shu, deputy messenger of learning, led students to worship Wang Yangming as a teacher and hired him to give lectures at Guiyang Civilization College. In view of the fact that people only knew how to read classics and were far away from people's daily life, Wang Yangming first put forward the theory of the unity of knowledge and action in his conversation with Xi Shu. He believes that because of the disconnection between knowledge and practice, people know how to bury themselves in book knowledge, treat pure knowledge as knowledge, and ignore lively practical actions.

Du Weiming: Yangming said I should be filial, so I can't be unfilial. What I know and what I want to be filial means that we must put it into practice. He believes that this is the true nature of knowledge and action, and knowledge is a conscious observation. If you know what to do, then what to do is to implement your conscious observation itself, so the relationship between the two is inseparable.

Wang Yangming's mind is a new theory of the unity of reason and action, which has little influence at first, and his lectures are limited to a corner of Guizhou. His theoretical system of mind is not yet mature, and the flame of this new idea needs some exercise to burn more and more brightly.

Shang Zhuan: Wang Xue is a development based on Neo-Confucianism, but it contains certain contents. Personally, I think he has something anti-neo-Confucianism. Because he publicizes his personality and wants to express something personal, he needs to restrain himself and restrain himself. All these are respect for the most traditional rules, which are obviously different from each other.

This is a stone tablet set by later generations in Longgang Academy in memory of Wang Yangming. It is engraved with a poem written by Wang Yangming in Longgang that year. The news of Wolong's death is that Longgang is famous throughout the ages, and there is no one who can play the piano in the thatched cottage. There is no fairy shadow in the mulberry forest, there are larks in the desert of Jiang Sha, and the vegetation is moving. The deer gate is Chu Shi, and the herb gathering is in the Qing Dynasty. This poem describes the desolation and remoteness of Wang Yangming's heart. He can't realize his ambition and ideal, and leisurely seclusion is not what Wang Yangming yearns for. Fortunately, Wang Yangming didn't stay in Longchang for long. Wang Yangming was promoted to the third grade a year, and in the eleventh year of Zhengde, because bandits were frequent in Jiangxi, 45-year-old Wang Yangming was recommended as the suggestion of Zuo Jiandu, the governor of Douchayuan, Nan 'an, Ganzhou, Tingzhou and Zhangzhou in Jiangxi, and he had an overview of the military affairs in southern Jiangxi and western Fujian. From February of the 12th year of Zheng De to March of the following year, Wang Yangming successively commanded the Battle of Zhang Nan, the Battle of Crossing Water and Connecting Steel and the Battle of Letou. It only took more than a year to pacify the thieves in Jiangxi and Fujian. He realized that it is easier to break the mountain thief than to break the thief's heart if he wants to govern the world. The thieves and the dismembered villagers used to be close companions or childhood playmates. Why? Do those mountain thieves have a conscience? Can thieves return to nature and the people?

Business legend: Garbo law was originally that in the Ming Dynasty, the grass-roots unit he managed was Li Jia, which was more important than taxation, and Garbo was more important than public security. He managed the whole grass-roots society in this way, and then changed people's thinking in the form of rural conventions, that is, to eliminate thieves in the heart, it is better to eliminate thieves in the mountains. His thoughts can be carried out in all his administrative work and activities.

Jiangxi is the second hometown of Wang Yangming. She married her life partner in Nanchang, met her spiritual mentor Lou Liang in Shangrao, and determined the direction of her life. More importantly, Jiangxi is also the mature place of Yangming's theory of mind. On June 14, the fourteenth year of Zheng De, shortly after Wang Yangming put down the rebellion in Jiangxi, Ning Wang Zhu rebelled in Jiangxi and Zhu rebelled in Nanchang, and transferred troops to Nanjing. Zhu is the great-grandson of Zhu Quan, the son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty 17. He succeeded to the throne in Hongzhi for ten years. In the face of this chaos, Wang Yangming fully demonstrated his military talents. It took only 35 days for the 20,000-30,000 troops to quell the rebellion. For this military victory, Wang Yangming is full of thoughts. Wang Ningzhu's wife turned out to be the granddaughter of Lou Liang, a spiritual teacher he 17 visited. Nanchang Painting Academy, formerly known as Shuiguanyinge, has undergone hundreds of years of changes, but its pattern, style and even architectural utensils are well preserved. This used to be the palace of Ning Wang Zhu, and Lou Fei lived here. Now Nanchang Painting Academy still retains Lou Fei's wells, stone tablets and other cultural relics related to Lou Fei.

The words on this huge stone tablet are said to have been written by blue-haired Lou Fei for Wang Ning. Before the war in Wang Ning, Lou Fei protested strongly. After Wang Ning's defeat, Lou Fei wrapped himself in white brocade and jumped into the water. After Zhu was captured alive, she regretted not listening and begged Wang Yangming to be buried to quell Zhu's rebellion. Wang Mingming has a deeper thinking about good and evil, whether it is a winner, a loser or a disappointment. That is conscience, but the presentation of conscience must be practice, otherwise conscience is just a hidden moral existence. Wang Yangming put forward the theory of "to conscience" to enrich his psychological system. He realized that one of the previous theories was to invent the original mind first, and the other was to emphasize the unity of knowledge and practice, but the knowledge of the original mind and the layman were still divided into two parts, so it is better to be simple and clear, and come straight to the point. He claimed that the word "to conscience" was considered from various difficulties. Only by awakening everyone's conscience and making everyone a saint can we build a beautiful and harmonious society.

Du Weiming: It's hard to understand conscience. Mencius said that good knowledge and good ability means knowing without learning, and being able without learning is the four ends of our own goodness, because we all have these things. Yangming's great contribution is to turn such a category, which is generally moral practice and moral philosophy, into the whole epistemology and a core value and idea of this ontology. What can I say? Everything in the world is Qi, which is an old tradition in China. This qi is a phenomenon of good knowledge and ability, so this kind of good knowledge and ability is not only possessed by people, but also by animals, plants and inanimate objects.

This is the former residence of Wang Yangming at the northern foot of Longquan Mountain in Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province. The former residence is large in scale and complete in pattern, giving people a deep sense of courtyard, yet dignified and elegant. In Shoushan Hall in the lobby of the former residence, there is an immortal plaque inscribed by Jiang Dongshu, a contemporary calligrapher. This is an accurate evaluation of Wang Yangming's outstanding contributions in three aspects: meritorious service, moral integrity and presentation. Zheng De 1 1 1 In June, Wang Yangming was awarded the title of Xinjian Bo for his meritorious service in quelling Wang Ning's rebellion. When his career was in full swing, he decided to give up his official career and return to his hometown Shaoxing in August. Wang Yangming has been in Shaoxing for six years, devoted himself to giving lectures and reached the peak of his life's thought. Scholars from all over the country came to study in an endless stream, taking Wang Yangming as their teacher, and his disciples, even the octogenarian, rushed to Yangming's door with sticks and shoulders. These students surrounded his residence and heard string songs from morning till night.

? Du Weiming: In the Ming Dynasty, the idea of caring about family affairs, state affairs and everything in the world was of course closely related to Yangming's mind. Everyone should be independent, that is, based on the basic principle of don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you. It has become a society, and it has established its own position and reached a large part of people. If this society has established its position and influenced many people, it will be peaceful.

The road is like a human heart, and it has never changed since ancient times. Wang Yangming's theory of conscience fundamentally reshaped the structure of Confucianism. From the 6th century A.D./KLOC-0 to the late 7th century A.D./KLOC-0, his philosophical thoughts spread all over China and dominated the intellectual circles in China. Modern scholars such as Gong Zizhen, Wei Yuan, Kang Youwei, Tan Sitong, Liang Qichao, Liang Shuming and Xiong Shili. Yangming's theory of mind has far-reaching influence in Europe and America, and has exerted great influence in the field of philosophical research around the world, especially in East Asia and Southeast Asia. Zhang Taiyan, a famous scholar in modern China, said that the Japanese reform was also led by Wang Xue.

Liang Qichao also said that the ruling foundation of Japan's reform was the study of mind.

Japanese theory based on Zhu studies is an important impact on Japanese academic tradition since the Japanese shogunate, and it is also a breakthrough in Japan's modernization development. This structure represented by Zhu developed his creativity, which is represented by Yangming studies.

Wang Yangming's theory of mind not only had a great influence in the field of Confucianism, but also formed a cultural trend of thought of respecting human nature, advocating personality liberation and expressing oneself in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. With the popularization of Wang Yangming's theory of mind, it directly influenced the artistic creation trend in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and formed a colorful and unique artistic creation trend. This collection of "Gathering Immortals and Listening to the Qin" in Minneapolis Art Museum is the work of Dong Qichang, a famous painter in the late Ming Dynasty. The characters in the painting are serene, comfortable, free and full of vitality, and the thoughts of the soul directly affect the artistic expression of the author. Xu Wei liberated the artistic expression and personality advocated by psychology in Ink Flower, and formed an artistic style of combining knowledge with action.

Shangchuan: I think he is a typical Confucian thought, because he is a great scholar, a generation of great scholars and a new Confucian. However, Confucianism is not a nerd, not a person sitting in a study, but a person who applies what he has learned. I want to serve the society and the country. He is a genius.

Wang Yangming finally practiced psychology with his life. When Wang Yangming thought he could give lectures to death, the court sent him to Guangxi to quell the rebellion. At the age of 56, he went there with his illness. When he left, the students asked him about the purpose of his study. Yang Ming left four teachings: no good or evil is the body of the mind, there is good or evil is the movement of the will, knowing good or evil is the conscience, and doing good or evil is the style, and the four sentences are integrated. 165438+1October 9th On June 29th, the seventh year of Jiajing, 1529, 65438+1October 9th, 57-year-old Wang Yangming died in Qinglongpu, Nan 'an Prefecture, Jiangxi Province. Before he died, the disciple asked him what his last words were, and Yang Ming said, I know this, but what can I say? Indeed, only with a clear heart and vigorous vitality can we explore the realm of life and death, this inner light. This kind of light, like Mencius' lofty integrity, inspires future generations. A Confucian died here and a saint was born.