"Man corresponds to heaven and earth, and man and vegetation return together", which is the ancient people's thinking about the environment and one of my main viewpoints. Nowadays, with the rapid development of economy and the remarkable progress of society, environmental problems have awakened us again. The alarm also shows that ancient people and modern people have different views on the relationship between man and nature. Nowadays, anthropocentrism is exerting great influence in society, but at the same time, it is also controversial. This paper tries to prove that sustainable development is the only way to solve this problem today.

1 Origin of environmental problems

Environmental problems usually refer to environmental pollution and ecological destruction caused by human activities, which is the so-called secondary environmental problems. It does not include environmental problems caused by natural disasters such as earthquake, tsunami, volcanic eruption, typhoon, cold wave, storm surge, flood and drought, that is, primary environmental problems. Since human beings appeared on the earth, they have been demanding from nature, and at the same time, they have caused environmental problems. With the development of human society and economy, environmental problems have become increasingly prominent. Especially by the middle of the19th century, countries have completed the first industrial revolution, with rapid development of productive forces, rapid growth of population, continuous expansion of the breadth and depth of human social activities, continuous improvement of people's ability to obtain and interfere with the natural environment from nature, and substantial increase in resource consumption and waste discharge. At that time, due to the limitations of human understanding of the environment and environmental protection, environmental problems developed very rapidly. With the scientific revolution, science and technology have become an indispensable part of people's lives. It plays a more and more important role in social development, which greatly enhances the ability of human beings to transform nature and makes human environmental problems more prominent.

Among them, China's economic development is remarkable, but the environmental problems are increasingly prominent, especially the urban environmental situation is worrying. Population expansion, increasing garbage, traffic congestion, air and river pollution make the urban environment worse and worse. Taking Urumqi as an example, the air pollution caused by urban sulfur dioxide and suspended dust is many times higher than that of cities in the United States and Canada. Among them, serious automobile exhaust and chemical plant pollution are the main reasons for this problem.

We know that, unlike other animals, human beings are not only the products of the environment, but also the reformers of the environment. Since the birth of mankind, there has been a relationship of unity of opposites between man and the environment. When people use science and technology to understand and transform the environment, unexpected problems often appear. Therefore, in today's China, environmental problems deserve everyone's attention and concern.

2 people correspond to the environment.

Environment is the home on which human beings live. Human beings survive and develop in the earth's environment, and people and the environment are born accordingly. With the rapid development of economy today, the relationship between man and environment has become a subject that people must pay attention to. We have felt the punishment of environmental problems again and again. The relationship between man and the environment is dialectical, but our reflection on it has gone through a long process before it matures. "Mountains and rivers have spirits, and heaven and man are one" and "man corresponds to heaven and earth" are China's traditional cosmology, which not only shows the relationship between man and nature; It also expresses the interdependence and mutual restriction between environment and human beings. The relationship between man and environment is an ancient topic. Since the emergence of human beings, human beings have had a relationship with the environment.

Marx said: "As a natural, physical, perceptual and objective being, man, like animals and plants, is a dynamic, restricted and restricted being."

In the face of nature, human beings often love to publicize their subjective initiative, but just ignore their passive side. Human beings are the product of biological evolution, and the survival and development of human beings cannot be separated from the overall balance and development of present and future natural ecosystems. As a part of nature, the value of human beings cannot be greater than the overall value of nature, and human development can only be realized on the basis of ensuring the integrity and prosperity of nature. Therefore, human beings must establish a harmonious and unified relationship with nature. The emergence of ecological environment crisis forces human beings to re-recognize and reflect on the existing relationship between man and nature. People realize that environmental problems are not only economic and technical problems. To completely eliminate the environmental crisis, we must first establish a new moral concept marked by the sustainable development of nature and human beings, and provide a new value orientation for human economic activities through the study of the ethical relationship between man and nature. Modern anthropocentrism also has some limitations. It emphasizes the sociality of moral rights and opposes extending moral rights to nature other than human beings. It just follows the principle that human behavior must conform to its own overall interests and long-term interests. Therefore, some species or creatures in nature may be extinct or destroyed if they are not beneficial to human beings. In this way, the development of human society will inevitably cause some harm to the balance and integrity of nature.

Therefore, for us, transforming nature must also mean punishing ourselves. In other words, the sustainable development of human society required by the contemporary ecological crisis is first of all human progress, and human beings must seek harmony between man and nature with reasonable social development.

3 the debate about anthropocentrism

"Anthropocentrism" is a world-centered theory. Its meaning comes into being and develops constantly with human thinking about its position in the universe. "Man is the measure of all things" expresses the earliest anthropocentrism, which holds that individuals or human beings are the measure of all things, that is, taking human beings as the center of evaluating things. Philosophers after the Renaissance put forward the theory of big universe and small universe, which regarded man as a small universe and thought that man reflected the whole universe and was also a manifestation of anthropocentrism.

Anthropocentrism is not and cannot be the root of contemporary ecological environment problems, which does not mean that we can not consider anthropocentrism when investigating all aspects of contemporary ecological environment problems, because anthropocentrism has nothing to do with the formation of contemporary ecological environment problems, but it is very important to solve contemporary ecological environment problems. However, what we want to talk about here is no longer the ancient cosmic anthropocentrism and medieval theological anthropocentrism as world views, but the modern ecological anthropocentrism as ethical values.

Eco-anthropocentrism appears as the opposite of individual centralism and group centralism. Its appearance is not rooted in human biological nature as some people say, but has profound social and historical reasons. In the case of global ecological crisis, in order to survive and develop, overcoming this ecological crisis has become the common interest of all mankind. It is true that under contemporary conditions, the formation of common interests of mankind does not mean the disappearance of various special individual interests and group interests, so it does not mean that various forms of individualism and group centralism no longer work.

However, the contemporary global ecological crisis has set an ethical boundary for the behavior of different stakeholders, that is, people's pursuit of their own special interests in dealing with the natural ecological environment must not harm the common interests of mankind, otherwise, the ecological environment on earth will no longer be suitable for the continued survival and development of mankind.

Of course, from a realistic point of view, although it has actually become the only possible banner of environmental protection movement in the world today, the reality of environmental protection is still far from its role. It seems that to solve the contemporary ecological environment problems, people still need to correctly understand, evaluate and really practice eco-anthropocentrism in practice.

4 The importance of sustainable development

From the analysis of the basic connotation of environmental protection and sustainable development, their purpose is the same, that is, for the survival and development of mankind, this is a universal right of mankind. In this sense, the two are highly unified, but we should also see their differences and complementarities, especially the unique position and role of environmental protection, that is, environmental protection is the inherent requirement, premise and important content of sustainable development.

First of all, protecting the environment is the inherent requirement of sustainable development. In the early stage of social development, we haven't realized that there is a law that needs the coordinated development of society and environment. Environmental problems that directly threaten our survival and development have emerged in this hotbed of thought. Air pollution, soil erosion, energy depletion, greenhouse effect, etc. Especially in China in recent years, human activities have increasingly affected the resources and environment, and the industrial "three wastes" pollution has become increasingly prominent. The random discharge of various chemical wastes threatens the safety of biology and human beings, and wastes are flooding China. In addition, in the process of development, the increasing demand for resources has seriously damaged the ecological environment on the earth's surface. At this time, our society did not pay enough attention to environmental problems. Only when the economy develops to a certain stage do we realize that environmental problems have seriously restricted economic development. Therefore, to seek sustainable development, we must solve environmental problems, which is the inherent requirement and inevitable choice of sustainable development.

Second, protecting the environment is a prerequisite for sustainable development. If the economy continues to grow in the way of pursuing speed in the past, not only the ecological resources can't bear such growth results, but also the ecological environment can't bear such development results. For us, the biggest threat is not natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes, but the fragility of the ecosystem. All life on the earth is interdependent, and the abnormal death of every kind of life is a threat to human survival. In this case, it is urgent to eliminate the threat of human survival, change the mode of economic growth and protect the environment. In other words, to develop, we must first start with the environment, and we can't achieve sustainable development if we don't meet the environment needed for development.

Finally, protecting the environment is an important part of sustainable development. People's understanding and practice of sustainable development is a difficult and long process. Sustainable development attaches great importance to environmental sustainability, and regards environmental construction as an important content to realize sustainable development and one of the main standards to measure the quality and level of development. Because the development of modern economy and society depends more and more on the support of environmental system, it is impossible to achieve sustainable development without a good environment as a guarantee. Sustainable development recognizes the value of the natural environment, which is not only reflected in the support and service value of the environment to the economic system, but also in the indispensable existence value of the environment to the life support system. In the practice of achieving sound and rapid economic and social development, we should not only firmly establish the idea that development is the top priority, but also strengthen environmental protection. The practice of development has repeatedly told us that development cannot be sustained without paying attention to environmental protection and doing a good job in it.

Pursuing sustainable development means that our economic development has basically reached the level of "low energy consumption, low emission and no pollution", and the ability of human beings to transform and utilize ecology, resources and environment has been upgraded to a very high level. Economic development and environmental protection are no longer antagonistic, but interact, complement and promote each other, forming a virtuous circle. On the one hand, sustainable development will optimize the ecological environment. On the other hand, sustainable development will certainly improve environmental benefits. The process of a country or region adhering to the road of sustainable development is bound to be a process of optimizing the environmental system. Environmental protection is the main sign that sustainable development is different from the traditional development model. Facts have proved that the comprehensive benefits of the ecological environment will be expanded in areas where sustainable development has made continuous progress and achievements.

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