Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi are dazzling binary stars in the literary world of the Northern Song Dynasty. In the poetry innovation movement, Ouyang Xiu was a brave and fearless standard bearer, and Su Shi was a veritable pioneer. They United a group of talented writers respectively, and jointly created the glory of Northern Song literature. In the history of China's literary development, it is also a well-known story in the literary world that the masters of Europe and the Soviet Union forgot to make a New Year's contract. The two met in Yingzhou, Xining for four years and became stunning scholars.
First, Yingzhou is full of poetry.
Since Jiayou's two-year ritual examination, the communication between Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi has never stopped, and new gains have been made. Even after Ogun's death, Su Shi maintained friendly contacts with his descendants. However, when the long lens of history turned to Yingzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty, people were surprised to find that Ouyang Xiu, a literary giant, and Su Shi, a younger generation superstar, achieved the final "reunion" here with their immortal achievements in poetry and prose.
In the fourth year of Xining (107 1), in the late spring and early summer, Ouyang Xiulian made a "three-watch" appeal to resign and retire. On June 1 1, he was awarded a bachelor's degree in official literature hall and the official position of Prince Shao Shi. He chose Yingzhou as a "blessed land" for providing for the aged. Su Shi immediately presented "Congratulations to Ouyang Shao Shi", wishing this "teacher of three dynasties and a hundred generations of literature" to "preserve our sanity"; He also bluntly said that "teachers are the most knowledgeable and have their own knowledge", and he once again felt that he was a teacher. At the same time, Su Shi voluntarily gave up the right of promotion in Kaifeng, and finally got rid of Hangzhou Yi. In July this year, Su Shi left Beijing for Hangzhou, passing through Chen Zhou (now Huaiyang, Henan Province), and first met Su Zhe, who was a professor in Hangzhou at that time. The two brothers have been together for more than 70 days. Then Su Zhe accompanied Su Shi, made a special trip to visit Ouyang Xiu, who was an official, and spent a wonderful time with this somewhat lonely teacher.
As we all know, as early as March of the first year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1049) to July of the following year, Ouyang Xiu invited himself to know Yingzhou. Since then, he has lived in Yingzhou for a short time, thought about Yingzhou for a long time, and returned to Yingzhou after retirement, thus leaving a lot of poems about Zhi Ying and Ying Si. Later, he specially wrote Preface to Ying Si's Poems and Preface to Continuing Thinking about Yingzhou [coincidentally, Su Shi invited himself to know Yingzhou during his six years in Yuan You (109 1) from August to March the following year, leaving a lot of knowledge and ideas for later generations. In the past half century, although the two generations of masters in Europe and the Soviet Union are different, they are all attracted by the same Yingzhou, and they all sing Yingzhou with hundreds of poems. This is not a coincidence, but because Yingzhou has unique charm. Yingzhou, now Fuyang, Anhui Province, was at the crossroads of Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), the capital of the Song Dynasty, and its rich historical and cultural accumulation made it a place that literati yearned for. What Europe and the Soviet Union understand and think about is an objective account of their life and contacts here, a true description of the local customs here, and an eternal inscription on the good policies they once had here (such as building water conservancy projects). ). This is their precious historical and cultural heritage to Yingzhou people, and it is also an indelible glorious page in the history of China's development.
Yingzhou West Lake is Ou Gong's favorite. As early as when he first met Ying, he wrote poems such as "When I first arrived at Yingzhou West Lake, I planted Ruilian Boxwood", "Boating on the West Lake" and "West Lake Opera" to send friends or show fellow travelers [2]. There are also more than ten chapters praising the West Lake in Reading the West Lake and Picking Mulberries [3]. Zhishi Guiying also wrote poems such as Early Summer of West Lake [4]. This time, when the Su Shi brothers visited, Ou Gong immediately gave a banquet by the West Lake, accompanied by Da Su and Xiao Su, and poems. Su Shi sang in the poem "Tour the West Lake with Ouyang Gongyan":
It is said that the man must be as hard as snow, and the man is old and naked.
Come to the lake to drink, and the play is still fierce after being drunk.
New frost on the lakeside vegetation, hibiscus chrysanthemums are blooming.
Flower arranging and dancing are public life, and public discourse is as crazy as the wind.
Red pine * * * swims without evil, who can be hungry and spit fairy medicine.
I have given the immortal a birthday, but he works hard and enjoys himself.
The city is in the twilight, and the silver candle shines on the lake.
Don't bother to sing poems to persuade wine, sit without joy and touch Zheng [5].
The radiant Ou Gong can't hide his pride in the face of the plants dyed in first frost and the beautiful scenery of lotus and chrysanthemum. When the two sides talked about the current situation when the new law was first implemented, it was more intense; When the topic of immortality changed, it added a mixed feeling. In his later years, Su Shi recalled that the image of Europe he saw this time was "I feel like spring when I am pregnant with you". A feather crane will die, and two pillars will help the frost when it is in danger. So far, portraits have been made of this suit, just like adding Dan to the retreat [6]. This can confirm Su Shi's poem "The public will be as hard as snow, and the old man will be red-cheeked", "The public is crazy for a hundred years" and "the life has been rewarded to the gods", which is the so-called "Martyrs' courage in their twilight years".
Su Zhe also has a poem "Accompanied Ouyang Shao Shi to chant Yan Shu Yingzhou West Lake", praising "the West Lake is planted with vegetation, and the benevolent people really make Gan Tang heavy." When he came back, he built a house near the east of the lake, and Shengyou is still with the people of the whole country. It is really simple.
Ou Gong was guarding a stone screen. He asked Su Shi and Su Zhe to write a poem about things. The third volume of Luan Cheng Ji also includes Su Zhe's poem Ouyang Guan Gong Cun Shi Ping, which is plain and poetic. Su Shi, on the other hand, wrote Ouyang Shao Shi Fu Ling Cun Shi Ping with great momentum and fantastic ideas:
Who left the stone screen with ink marks?
What I painted is not the giant grass in the long forest, but the solitary pine on the snow-capped mountain in Emei Mountain, Shanxi Province.
The cliff collapses and the stream collapses, and the solitary smoke covers it.
Contain the wind and suppress the truth, depicting the beginning of the letter.
I'm afraid Bi Hong and Wei are buried at the foot of Guo Shan, with rotten bones and poor hearts.
God's ingenious thinking has nothing to do, and it has turned into a cloud stone.
Ancient painters were good, and their descriptions of things were similar to those of poets.
May the public write poems to comfort them, so that the second son will not cry in the secluded palace. [8]
Ouyang Xiu's stone screen was presented by a friend in the eighth year of Qing Dynasty (1048): "A small version of a stone, with a moon shape, a purple moon, trees in the middle of the moon, and dark branches." Ou recognized this as an "unprecedented" "wonder", and asked the painter to process and depict strange pine patterns on the stone. "Its tree was born, and one branch went out." He wrote the Song of Moonlight Stone Screen and sent it to Su Zimei, and made a preface to describe the "strangeness" of this stone screen [9]. At that time, both Mei and I sang poems together [10], and Ogun's poems were full of elegance and philosophy. Twenty-four years later, Su Shi wrote poems with the same theme, but he was different and intended to innovate.
The natural texture on purple stone is like an ink painting. Ou Gong regards it as a strange pine under the moon with old branches and leaves. Su Shi likened it to a lonely sunset and a mountain view of cliff collapse, and connected it with the solitary pine that really exists in Emei Snow Mountain in Shanxi Province, thus making Shiping more extraordinary. Shi Ping is from Zhou State (see Ouyang Xiu's "The Moon Stone and the Song of Yan Bing"). Su Shi had a whim, saying that Bi Hong and Wei Yan were masters of painting pine in the Tang Dynasty. I'm afraid that these two painters will be buried at the foot of Guo Mountain after their death, and their bones are rotten, so they can't finish painting, so they are displayed on the stone screen because their hearts are hard to be poor and their inspiration triggers their ingenious thinking. It is purely the imagination of the poet to turn screen design of Shiping into the embodiment of the spirit of Bi and Wei. However, I don't feel abrupt and reasonable. Painters and poets are connected in art, so at the end of the poem, Su Shi advised Ouyang Xiu, a master of Shiping, to write a poem to comfort the lonely and angry gods of the two painters. The ancient style of this essay is full of romantic feelings and is a successful example of thinking in images. In order to express his thoughts and feelings freely, the poet changed his usual writing style and broke through the shackles of metrical rules. As Wang Shihan of A Qing Dynasty said, "Long sentences are beautiful, and the brushwork tends to bend the board. This poem, from one word to nine words, comes from' 300 poems'. This poem is sixteen characters, from an ancient poet. Su Shi's long sentence pattern of seven words, nine words at intervals, eleven words or even sixteen words, and uneven miscellaneous language system showed the atmosphere of "taking literature as poetry" in Song Dynasty and made a new attempt for poetry innovation. Perhaps it can be said that this was the last "test" for Su Shi's poetic talent by Ou Gong, and Su Shi also handed over an answer sheet that was enough to please Ou Gong, thus ending the reunion of Yingzhou in Ou Su and the mutual pity of poets. Poetry and painting make two generations easily connected.
Second, at the end of the year and the beginning of the year, I am happy.
Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi have the friendship of teachers and students, as well as literary friends. They are thirty years apart in age, but they can forget each other. Through sincere and frank friends, they realized complementary advantages and mutual benefit, and naturally Su Shi benefited more. The following are still some of the other activities of the 20-day gathering of Europe and Su Ying held in Xining for four years.
First of all, in view of Su Shi's coming to Hangzhou, Ouyang Xiu recommended his poetry friend Qin Hui, a monk from the West Lake, to make Su Shi and Qin Hui know each other. Su Shi wrote in Xu:
Ouyang Wenzhong, an old man, calls himself a "laity on June 1st". In the past, I guarded Qiantang and saw the public in the south. Gong said: "The West Lake monk is very diligent and good at writing poems. I once gave him Three Chapters of Mountain Living Music. " I am idle in civil affairs. If I can't get help from the Lakers, why should I be diligent? "Give the officer three days, visit frequently at the foot of the lonely mountain, and stretch out your hand. Yue: "(Europe) many people are also heaven and man. People saw him living in the world for a while, but they didn't know that he rode the clouds to control the wind and crossed the five mountains and the sea. People in this state hate not coming; Why not blame octupole? Although it is better than mountains and rivers, the Mohs are the mainstay, and the wonderful spirit is often used by people who can write. "So I call it the West Lake Cover Case." Although the diligent language is mysterious, it is also reasonable. Next year, if you are in public, you will cry in the diligent home [12].
It should be pointed out that the communication between Ou Gong and Qin Hui is purely based on poetry, and neither side has any utilitarian purpose. After a period of direct contact, Su Shi also felt that Qin Hui was really a "smart and knowledgeable person". Eighteen years later, when Su Shi knew Hangzhou again, Qin Hui had passed away. However, after Su Shi and Qin Hui met in the old lecture hall, a "very white and very sweet" spring suddenly appeared, so Su Shi named it "Liu Yizhichun" and wrote an inscription, hoping to reproduce the legacy of Ou Gong to warn future generations.
Secondly, Ouyang Xiu's words and deeds of being strict with self-discipline and lenient with others infected Su Shi, hoping that he would also enjoy rewarding the virtuous. Su Shi said in the poem of Master Qian written for:
Therefore, Prince Ouyang Gong of Shao Shi is the best in the world. There is a saying that scholars have words, and it is better to ask for the public than to ask for it. Therefore, the world is full of heroes, and it is more practical for everyone to show their faces in the world. However, those who have not made it public have also tasted it and covered too much. It is the example of people who are good at learning. It is naturally less tiring to be open to scholars. However, if you retire from the water and go to see him, you are still saying that you are a scholar, lest the world be unknown. As for the criminals, they said: This is my fault, not my fault. The guests of Zhai Palace were betrayed between life and death, while the public betrayed the public in an instant. Zhai Gong took the guest as a crime, but he always took the public as a crime, and he was rich in scholars, far more virtuous than the ancients. [ 13]
Ouyang Xiu recommended good scholars, and Su Shi was the beneficiary and witness. He heard and witnessed Ou Gong's feat of "seeking truth from the wise" from far away. He is glad that he is "the best man in the world", and he is angry that some scholars have betrayed Ou Gong instead of repaying the kindness. He speculated that Ou Gong's enthusiasm for promoting talents in his later years would be sharply reduced by occasional setbacks. Unexpectedly, Ou Gong, who retired to Ying, still wants to use his personal reputation and influence to pave the way for the sages of the world and help them become famous. "I am afraid it will not be known to the world." As for the individual who failed him and betrayed him, Ou Gong still said openly, "The crime is mine, not his." First of all, review yourself, what kind of measure is this! So Su Shi remembered Tingwei Zhai Palace when Emperor Wen of Han was in office. When he was in office, the guests were crowded, and there were sparrows outside the back door when he dismissed from office. After the guests returned to their posts, Zhai Gong wrote to them: "Friendship is not known until you die; Poverty and wealth are a state of knowing each other; " One is expensive, the other is cheap, and friendship is known. " [ 14]。 Su Shi believes that Ou Gongxian is better than Zhai Gong, and tolerance is the measure. This is of great reference value to Su Shi, who will experience a bumpy career in the future.
Third, Europe and the Soviet Union discuss aesthetics with the same poem, and each has its own opinions. The poet waving rhinoceros continued, Volume 4, Harmony and Poetry:
Dongpo read Ouyang Gong's poems: "Beauty sits in a fan and is ashamed of the flower court". Ou Gong smiled and said, "This sentence is unnecessary. This sentence can be answered." I knew I could sweep ink bamboo, but I didn't know it was both excellent and wonderful, especially my poems.
There are similar records in Lengzhai Nighttalk, Volume 1, Dongpo's Essays and Poems. Confucius Fan Li textual research, modern people "or current affairs-oriented", see "Su Shi Chronicle" Volume 10. According to the same name as Wen (10 18- 1079), a painter and writer in the northern song dynasty was good at painting ink bamboo and poetry. The two poems praised by Su Shi can be found in the nostalgic articles of Wen Tong's Volume I of the King of Qin. Wang Jian, a native of the Tang Dynasty, wrote in the Joking Order that "a round fan, a round fan, covers a beauty's face when she is sick". This is a morbid beauty, which describes the feminization and haggard beauty. The beautiful women in Wentong's works are radiant and don't need to cover their faces with fans. Instead, she sat boldly in the yard, because she was confident that her beauty was enough to shame all the flowers. In Wen Tong's poems, beauty is realistic and the shame of flowers is fictional. The combination of reality and fiction shows the poet's unique perspective and reasonable imagination. The contrast between flowers and people is sharp, and it is indeed a good sentence. Ogun said that "harmony can inspire the deaf", which is why he lamented that this fresh and natural poem was "effortless" for a well-prepared painter Wen Tong. Simple language and beautiful artistic conception are the same aesthetic pursuits of European and Soviet poets, which can be said to coincide, but I feel the harmonious heartbeat of the sacred unicorn.
Finally, let's recall the leisure of Europe and the Soviet Union and talk about medical theory and medical anecdotes. When Ouyang Xiu learned about Qingzhou in the first year of JaeHee Ning (1068), Taoist Xu came from Weizhou and stayed there for a long time. In the fourth year of Xining, Ou Gong returned to Ying, and Xu came to defect again. It is said that Xu Xiangzhen "takes finger as needle, soil as medicine, and it is better to treat it." Ou Gong's foot disease is difficult to heal, and Xu "teaches the public to draw, and the qi and blood are from the heel to the top." If you use yourself in public, your illness will be cured. "Su Shi made it clear that it was in Ruyin (Yingzhou) that he" made this statement in public. "Later, Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou," Zhou County magistrate was seriously ill (swollen feet) ",so Su Shi treated him with Xu's prescription told by Ou Gong and" recovered in seven days ". So I also lamented that Xu was an outsider. Xu Xiangzhen hurried to bid farewell to Ou Gong in a different place, and then he didn't know where to go. When Su Shi was invited to know Ying in six years, he reunited with Ou Gong's sons Ouyang Bi (Bi Shu) and Ji Mo, and made a detailed record of Huaining's past [15].
On another occasion, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi laughed at the doctor's intention to use drugs. Ou Gong once said that a person got seasick by "catching the wind in a boat", so the doctor "scraped off the teeth of the workers' hands that had been stained with sweat for many years, mixed them with cinnabar, nourished the spirit and drank them to recover. "Materia Medica Notes quoted the theory of medicinal properties as saying:" Ephedra root and bamboo fan stop sweating. "Ouyang Xiu, who has no in-depth research on medicine, casually said:" Doctors use drugs for their own purposes, and so on. "It seems like a joke at first, but it may be tested and it is almost impossible to get angry." Su Shi attached importance to medicine, which can be proved by Su Shen Liang Fang. He didn't quite believe the doctor's prescription for taking medicine by heart, so he used the subject to make absurd reasoning and said to Ou Gong:
Drink scholars' pen and ink when you are unconsciously lazy? By extension, drinking the washing water of Boyi can cure greed; There are more than 1000 grains that can be eaten; Licking Fan Kuai's shield can cure cowardice; Xi's son can cure all diseases [16].
His words made Ouyang Xiu laugh. On the way to Yingzhou six years ago, Su Shi's ship was about to enter Yingzhou boundary. He remembered the interesting story of the reunion between Ning and Ou Gong four years ago and wrote it down specially.
Ouyang Xiu's reunion with Su Shi in Yingzhou in the autumn of 2004 in Zaixi was not only a banquet for reciting excellent poems, but also in the teaching of treating others with talents, in the discussion of aesthetic theory of poetry creation, in the gossip of seeking medical treatment and saving lives, and in the unrestrained laughter at the end of the year, Ouyang Xiu naturally passed on the baton of poetry innovation to Su Shi, and at the same time passed on many valuable life experiences to him, which made Su Shi hold his head high in the literary world in the future.
[Notes]
[1] Volume 42 of The Complete Works of Ouyang Xiu, proofread by Li Yi 'an, Zhonghua Book Company, 200 1 edition, p. 600, p. 604. There are quotations under the book, only the title of the article and the number of pages in the volume.
[2] The Complete Works of Ouyang Xiu, Volume XI, Page 188, Volume 56, Page 80 1 12, Page 193.
[3] The Complete Works of Ouyang Xiu, Volume 133, p. 2056; Volume 13 1, page 199 1.
[4] The Complete Works of Ouyang Xiu, Vol.57, p.831.
[5] Kong's "Proofreading Su Shi's Poems", Volume VI, Zhonghua Book Company, 1982 edition, p. 275. The book is quoted below, and only the title and pages of the poem are indicated.
[6] "Poems of Su Shi" Volume 43, p. 2372.
[7] Gao Xiufang Su Proofreading, Zhonghua Book Company, 1990 Edition, Volume III, p. 57.
[8] Poems of Su Shi, Volume VI, p. 277.
[9] Ouyang Xiu's Purple Stone Screen Song, The Complete Works, Volume 4, p. 63; Preface to the Song of the Moon Graphite Screen, full volume 65, p. 95 1.
[10] See "Su Shunqin Collection", Volume 5, "The Moon Screen in the Forever Summer"; Collected Works of Mr. Wan Ling, Volume 33, Ode to Ouyang Yongshu and Shi Yanping, two songs.
[1 1] Wang Shihan's Selected Comments on Su Shi, vol. 1, quoted from Su Shi's Data Collection, Zhonghua Book Company, 1994 edition, part II, p. 18 17.
[12] The Complete Works of Su Shi, Volume XIX, revised by Confucius, Zhonghua Book Company, 1986, p. 565, quoted under the book, only noting the title of the article and the number of pages in the volume.
[13] Complete Works of Su Shi, Volume X, Page 32 1.
[14] See Historical Records 120 Biography of Zheng Ji, praised by Taishi Gongzan.
[15] Su Shi's Travels of Xu Xiangzhen comes from The Complete Works of Ouyang Gong, Volume 72, Page 23 18.
[16] Su Shi's Doctor's Intention, Volume 73, p. 2343. Dongpo Zhi Lin's title is Records and European Common Language.