Abstract is a brief statement of the content of the article, without explanation or comment. For international communication, there should also be foreign language abstracts (mostly in English). It is extracted after the completion of the full text of the article and has three characteristics: short, precise and complete. It should be independent and self-sufficient, that is, you can get the necessary information without reading the full text of the original text. There are data and conclusions in it, which is a complete essay. Can be used independently, can be cited, and can be used for process promotion. Its content should contain the same amount of main information as the report paper, so that readers can determine whether it is necessary to read the full text of the original paper, and it can also be provided for the second document of the abstract. Generally, the purpose, experimental methods, results and final conclusions of the research work should be explained, with emphasis on the results and conclusions. Generally speaking, Chinese abstracts do not exceed 300 words, and foreign abstracts do not exceed 250 substantive words. Figures, tables, chemical structures, symbols and terms that are not widely known and commonly used are not used in the abstract unless absolutely necessary. You can start a new page before the title page (this page has no text), and the abstract of an academic paper is generally placed after the title and author and before the text of the paper.

Abstracts of papers are also called abstracts and executive summaries. It is a short article, which concisely and accurately describes the important contents of the literature, without comments or supplementary explanations. Its basic elements include research objectives, methods, results and conclusions. Specifically, it is the main object and scope of research work, the means and methods adopted, the achievements and important conclusions obtained, and sometimes other important information with intelligence value. It should be self-evident and have the same amount of information as the literature, that is, you can get the necessary information without reading the full text. Needless to say, it needs to be scrutinized word by word. The content must be complete, specific and obvious. Although the English abstract is based on the Chinese abstract, it should consider the needs of readers who can't read Chinese, and the substantive content can't be omitted. Therefore, in recent years, China's sci-tech journals have adopted structured abstracts one after another, which clearly define the purpose, method, result and conclusion.

A. Purpose: Briefly point out the purpose and research scope of this work.

Method B: Briefly explain the basic methods of the research topic, including the objects (grouping and the number of cases in each group, the number of control cases or animals, etc. ), materials and methods (including dosage and repetition times of drugs used, etc.). ). Need to pay attention to special statistical methods.

C. Results: briefly list the main results (units need to be indicated), data, statistical significance (P value), etc. And explain their values and limitations.

D. Conclusion: Briefly explain the correct viewpoint, theoretical significance or practical value and popularization prospect obtained from the research results.

The Chinese and English titles, authors' names (at most 3) and authors' units (postal codes) should be marked before the Chinese and English abstracts. English abstracts should be printed on alternate lines for revision.