I. Summary

Based on my previous experience in using tires, this paper briefly discusses how to master the methods of safe driving and scientific use of tires on the highway according to the characteristics of the highway and on the basis of earnestly observing traffic laws and regulations, so as to complete various transportation tasks safely and quickly.

Keywords: expressway; Flat tire; safe driving

Second, the preface

With the development of China's economy and the increase of traffic flow, traffic expressways are the inevitable product of social development, and domestic expressways also extend with the development of economy. The speed of automobile development is also very fast. When people drive out for business or social activities, they will choose to take the expressway. Taking the expressway can make people reflect the idea that "time is money", but there will be a series of problems when the car is driving at high speed: high-speed driving will increase the unsafe area of car braking; Driving at high speed makes the handling stability of the car worse; Driving at high speed is easy to cause damage to auto parts; The increase of vehicle speed shortens the service life of tires; The driver's eyesight becomes worse at high speed. A little carelessness in driving on the expressway is prone to all kinds of accidents. According to the statistics of the public security traffic department, the average accident rate per kilometer of expressways in China is 3 ~ 4 times higher than that of ordinary highways, and the consequences are quite serious. To this end, I usually carefully observe and study, explore and summarize some methods of rational use of tires in highway driving. Based on more than ten years of driving experience and previous experience in using tires, this paper briefly discusses some experiences in using tires safely when driving on expressways.

Third, the text.

(A) the main reasons for the puncture of the expressway

People often take the quality of the engine as the grade to evaluate the motor vehicle, but people don't notice that the automobile tires are more important than the engine when driving on the expressway. In other words, when driving on the highway, a flat tire is a serious problem, which may damage the car and hurt people. According to incomplete statistics, 60% of highway traffic accidents in normal weather are caused by sudden tire puncture. For example, 1999, the company arranged two official cars to go to Shantou for business. When the vehicle was driving at Shenzhen-Shantou Expressway (the east section of Shenzhen-Shantou Expressway), the moving van suddenly lost control, the vehicle swung from side to side, the front of the car rushed to the left, and hit the central guardrail, causing the van to roll over and cross the road (I was driving a jeep to follow the moving van). There was a serious car accident. At that time, all of us immediately put into the rescue and reported to the relevant departments to deal with the accident quickly. The accident caused serious losses, resulting in serious damage to the front of the van, broken glass of the van, deformation of the carriage, and injuries to passengers to varying degrees, which not only caused great economic losses, but also suffered serious physical and mental trauma. After talking with the driver, I learned that the driver felt that the van Zuo Zuo was swinging and the left rear tire had a puncture, which led to the direction deviation. In addition, the driver did not completely control the steering wheel, but suddenly stepped on the brakes, causing the accelerating car to hit the left guardrail, causing a serious accident. After inspection, it was found that the left rear tire was badly scratched. According to the driver, the tire was punctured by a hard object, and then he thought it was okay. The driver just ignored that the hard object punctured the steel wire mesh of the tire, causing the tire to partially rupture and form bubbles (proverb: sores). Because it is on the inside of the tire, it is not easy to be found when the car is inspected. The tires for this car are tires below 120km (C? 6? 1L), at that time, the speed has exceeded the limit of the tire. Coupled with the high-speed driving on the expressway, this tire couldn't stand the "high speed, high pressure and high temperature" and burst, which led to this serious traffic accident. This is a typical traffic accident caused by a tire problem. This shows the importance of tire safety when vehicles are driving on the road.

There are many reasons for tire puncture, which is a complicated tire damage phenomenon. When a car is driving on the expressway, there is a great danger of a tire puncture accident. The accident of car accident death has made some people talk about a flat tire and think that it is impossible to prevent it. In fact, as long as the cause of the puncture is found through careful analysis, the accident is not difficult to avoid. There are many reasons for puncture, which can be roughly summarized as follows:

1. Driving with insufficient tire pressure

When the tire pressure is insufficient, with the decrease of the tire pressure, the friction between the tire and the ground increases exponentially, the tire temperature rises sharply, the tire becomes soft, and the strength drops sharply. In this case, if the vehicle continues to drive at high speed, the working temperature of the tire will exceed the critical temperature (122℃), which may lead to a puncture.

2. Poor tire quality

As we all know, pneumatic tires can slow down vibration, bear load, prevent sideslip and reduce noise, but the performance and quality of tires play a very important role in the safe transmission, accelerated braking, handling stability, stability and comfort of automobiles. Poor quality tires will be unable to withstand high heat when the vehicle is driving at high speed, and it is easy to puncture.

3. The choice of tire is wrong.

Different tire speed grades adapt to different working temperatures, and the working temperature also determines the driving speed. Some brands of tires are only suitable for low-speed operation and cannot withstand the "high-speed, high-pressure and high-temperature" operating conditions of expressways. Driving too fast on the highway, the tire temperature is high, and the standing wave phenomenon is frequent, which is easy to cause serious deformation of the tire, leading to damage and shelling, so choose high-grade tires; Generally, it is appropriate to choose tires with a grade (V grade) above 240km.

4. The tire is "sick" on the road

Some tires were accidentally punctured by nails or other sharp and hard objects in operation, but they were not punctured temporarily, or the tires were seriously worn after long-term use, and the tire crown had no pattern (or the pattern was too low), and the tire wall became thinner, which became what people often said as "bald tires" or uneven "weak links", and the injury depth was too deep (the depth of the injury point of the big car should be ≤ 1cm, and the car should be ≤ 0 cm).

5. Vehicle overload

Vehicle overload is also an important cause of tire puncture. Although the bearing capacity of the tire has a reserved safety factor, if the overload is serious, the bumpy road surface will impact the tire, and when the impact force is greater than the limit value of the bearing capacity, it will also cause the tire to burst. See table 1 for the influence of overload on tires.

Table 1 load ratio

Load life

100% 100%

140% 5 1%

180% 3 1%

200% 25%

(B) how to prevent the highway puncture

How to nip in the bud when driving on the expressway and prevent a tire puncture accident on the expressway, we should do the following work:

1. Maintain normal tire pressure.

Vehicles have normal tire pressure regulations when they leave the factory, and different models have different standards. According to the current recommended value, it is 15% ~ 20% higher than the standard pressure. So check whether the tire pressure is normal before driving. If the air pressure doesn't allow it, you have to make it up. You can't force yourself to drive. If the air pressure is too low, the tire crown surface deformation will increase, which will aggravate the wear and tear and easily cause standing waves. However, the tire pressure should not be too high, otherwise it will reduce the cushioning ability of the tire, reduce the contact area between the tire and the ground, aggravate the wear and tear, and even cause a puncture accident. The air pressure also varies according to the climate. In summer, the road surface temperature is high and the tire pressure is lower. The weather is cold in winter, so you can take the upper limit of tire pressure.

2. Choose high-quality tires and use them correctly.

In order to save money, some car owners often lose big because of small. Refurbished and regenerated tires can't be used as the first tire (front axle direction wheel), and new tires below 70% can't be used as front tires. Radial tires and non-radial tires can't be mixed on the same axle, and the tire patterns on the same axle should be similar. These are problems that car owners easily ignore.

3. Choose high-speed tires.

When driving on the highway, you must first choose the right tires. How to choose the right tire is a necessary and serious problem. Radial tire (z), especially tubeless radial tire (TL. Z.v.) is the first choice for "safety" of expressway driving. It has the characteristics of low temperature rise, fast heat dissipation, strong adhesion to road surface and good braking performance. When a tire bursts, its internal pressure is not instantaneous, which gives the driver more time for emergency treatment. In addition, its comfort and economy are better than other types of tires.

Radial tubeless tire is the first choice for driving on expressway. Radial tires are marked with the speed grade of the tires. Tires without speed signs are not allowed to drive on highways, and vehicles driving at high speed are not allowed to use recycled tires.

4. Strengthen inspection and replace "sick" tires.

Tires have a certain life, so don't wait for them to burst before changing. If it is found that the tread pattern of the tire is seriously scratched, the groove is shallow and the surface is thin, it should be replaced in time. Table 2 lists the reference values of the wear limit (expressed by crown groove depth) of different types of tires at the speed of > 80 km/h, and can refer to the values in the table to determine the wear degree of tires during tire inspection. Tires that are badly worn should be replaced.

Table 2 Wear Limit of Various Tires

Tire groove depth limit (mm)

Ordinary automobile tires 1.6

Small truck tires 2.4

Large passenger car tires for trucks 3.2

5. Keep the speed and take regular breaks to cool down.

Drivers should not drive more than 200 kilometers continuously, and should take a proper rest after long-distance driving. In addition to the driver's need to rest after driving for a long time, there is also a content here, that is, let the vehicle parts and tires cool down and maintain a good running state, so as to complete various transportation tasks safely, quickly and economically.

(3) How to deal with the puncture on the expressway?

Freeway is different from ordinary highway, it adopts fully enclosed, multi-lane, central separation and full interchange, thus providing more favorable conditions for accelerated, safe, comfortable and continuous operation of vehicles and improving transportation capacity. However, due to the high speed of expressway vehicles, a slight negligence may lead to serious traffic accidents. I think it is more appropriate to deal with the tire puncture accident when the vehicle is driving on the expressway to minimize the harm:

(1) When driving, the tire suddenly burst. If the speed is not too fast, the vehicle will not roll over immediately after a flat tire. Never step on the brakes at this time. You should immediately turn on the danger light (the width light is completely flashing), control the steering wheel with both hands, keep your body straight forward and quickly grab the low gear. Drag and brake the vehicle with the engine to make the vehicle slowly slide to a stop. When the engine brake has not controlled the speed, don't stop with the brake, so as to avoid greater danger caused by vehicle inertia.

(2) If the vehicle is not parked on the shoulder, you must try to push the vehicle onto the shoulder; Let all passengers get off the bus, choose a safe place to stay at the guardrail of the expressway, and don't walk around at will to prevent secondary traffic accidents. And should be placed in the rear of the vehicle 100m after the danger warning signs, and then replace the tires.

(3) If there is no spare tire or the air pressure of the spare tire is not on time, please call the police immediately and let the traffic rescue vehicle tow the car off the expressway.

(iv) Concluding remarks

To sum up, one's previous experience in using tires while driving on the expressway is to master and understand the requirements and norms of safe driving on the expressway, implement the measures of safe driving, and increase the guarantee for safe driving.