first part
Two language types: spoken and written.
Two ways of argumentation: argumentation and refutation.
Two explanatory languages: plain and vivid.
There are two types of expositions: expositions about things and expositions about things.
Two kinds of environmental descriptions: the description of natural environment-contrast the emotions of characters and render the atmosphere.
Description of social environment-explain the background of the times.
Two types of argumentation: factual argumentation and rational argumentation.
the second part
Three emotional colors: positive, negative and neutral.
The novel has three elements: the characters (the main characters depend on whether the theme of the novel can be expressed), the plot (beginning/development/climax/ending) and the environment (natural environment/social environment). )
Three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation.
Argumentative essay consists of three parts: asking questions (introduction), analyzing questions (thesis) and solving problems (conclusion).
Three orders of interpretation: chronological order, spatial order and logical order.
Three principles of language use: conciseness, coherence and appropriateness.
the third part
Four literary genres: novel, poetry, drama and prose.
Four argumentation methods: example argumentation, truth argumentation, metaphor argumentation and contrast argumentation.
Four usages of sentences: declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences.
The plot of the novel consists of four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending.
Four narrative sequences: direct narrative, flashback, insertion and supplementary narrative.
Four uses of quotation marks: ① quotation; (2) to express irony or negation.
③ Specific appellation ④ Emphasis or emphasis.
part four
Five ways of expression: narration, description, explanation, lyricism and discussion.
Five uses of dashes: ① annotation, ② interpolation, ③ interruption of sound, ④ change of topic, and ⑤ progressive expression of meaning.
The fifth part
Six interpretation methods: example, analogy, comparison, number of columns, classification and definition.
Six logical orders: ① the whole → the phenomenon → the essence → the cause → the result → the generality → the specific part → the whole → the main → the secondary.
Six elements of narrative: time, place, people, cause, process and result of events.
Six methods of character description: portrait description, language description, action description, psychological description, detail description and expression description.
Six kinds of ill sentences: ① Incomplete components; ② Improper collocation; ③ Improper use of related words; 4 inconsistent; ⑤ Improper word order; ⑤ Misuse and abuse of function words (prepositions).
Six usages of ellipsis: ① Omit the table contents; ② Intermittent predication; (3) the table is incomplete because of grabbing the vernacular; 4 emotional contradictions; 5 thinking jump; ⑤ Thinking in progress.
Six common writing skills: symbol, contrast, setting off (paving the way), caring (echoing), direct (indirect) description, promotion and inhibition.
Part VI
Seven kinds of phrases: coordinate phrases, radical phrases, subject-predicate phrases, verb-object phrases, complement phrases, word-removed phrases and object-object phrases.
Seven types of complex sentences: ① coordinate complex sentences; ② turning complex sentences; ③ Conditional complex sentences; ④ Progressive complex sentences; ⑤ Choose complex sentences; ⑤ Causal complex sentences; ⑥ Hypothetical complex sentences.
Part VII
Eight common rhetorical methods:
(1) Metaphor-makes the language vivid and adds color to the language.
2 personification-writing things into adults makes the language vivid.
3 exaggeration-highlight something or emphasize a feeling.
4 parallelism-enhance the language momentum and enhance the expression effect.
⑤ Duality-make the language concise and neat.
⑥ Quote-enhance the persuasiveness of language.
⑦ Ask questions-arouse readers' attention and thinking.
⑧ rhetorical question-plays an emphasis role and enhances the positive (negative) tone.