1. Why; Yan (ancient meaning: participation in today's meaning: separation from each other)
2. small and big; (Ancient meaning: the present meaning of the case: prison)
3. Dare; There is also (ancient meaning: false report exaggerates present meaning: increase)
4。 Must be; (Ancient meaning: truth, modern meaning: honesty)
5.& lt； Sacrifice >; ; Jade (ancient meaning: sacrificial cows, sheep, pigs, etc. Modern significance: sacrifice one's life for righteousness)
6. Carnivores; Failing to be farsighted (ancient meaning: myopia; Modern meaning: bad language and behavior, immoral)
7.& lt； Yes >; World War I (ancient meaning: can rely on today's meaning: can, can)
8.& lt； re >； And decline (ancient meaning: the second time today: things repeat, once again)
9 .. must be; (Ancient meaning: truth, modern meaning: feelings)
10.& lt； Loyalty >; Belong to (ancient meaning: try your best to do your duty; Modern meaning: loyalty, loyalty)
1 1. loyalty; Also (ancient meaning: modern meaning: people of the same family)
12. institute of food and clothing; (Ancient meaning: nourishing the present meaning: stability)
13. Fugan; There is also (ancient meaning: individual exclusive, modern meaning: sole mastery and possession)
14. Shenfu; There is also (ancient meaning: blessing, blessing today means: luck)
15. Qi Shi; I {ancient meaning: crusade against modern meaning: chop)
16.& lt； Although >; Unable to investigate (ancient meaning: even modern meaning: although)
polysemy
1. hence: hence, hence (people ask why) hence (hence one by one)
2. Follow: Listen (people follow) and follow (please follow in war).
3. Qi: This refers not to him, but to them (said by fellow villagers), referring to Qi Jun (I think it is chaos).
4. Harmony: Harmony with (how to fight) (must be believed)
Please: Please allow me (please see Cao Gui) (please follow in the war).
6. Straight: auxiliary word, pronoun of (small and big prison), not (public and multiplication)
7? Ann: support (food and clothing? How about (let it go to Wan Li Road)
8. Add: Wear it (both as a crown and a way to respect the virtuous) and boast (sacrifice jade and silk, dare to add)
Common words
1. Wei Hui Jr. (Long Long): preach "It's all over".
2. Review the knowledge of Cao Gui's debate.
What effect does the dissuasion of villagers have on Cao Gui's ideological quality?
The advice of fellow villagers reflects the concern for state affairs and keen insight into the current situation, especially the anxiety about Lu Zhuanggong's political talent and political preparation before the war in Lu, which shows his patriotic enthusiasm.
At the same time, this episode also made the story turbulent from the beginning.
In this passage, what places reflect Cao Gui's outstanding military command ability?
1. Choose a time that is conducive to the attack, when "I am exhausted and I am profitable".
2. I chose the right time to start chasing the enemy, and when the Qi army was in chaos, I seized the fighter plane to chase the enemy and won the war.
Cao Gui and Duke Zhuang of Lu are commanders of the army. What is the difference between their images on the battlefield? Can it be verified by the above two words?
Duke Zhuang of Lu is "contemptuous"
At the beginning of the battle, he would beat gongs and drums and March in a hurry, forgetting that he was a weak army teacher; As soon as the Qi army retreated, he ordered the pursuit, unaware of luring the enemy into ambush. )
Cao Gui's "foresight"
Know yourself and yourself, pay attention to investigation and study, be decisive, cautious and thorough in "beating drums" and "divide and rule", be able to correctly capture fighters and defeat powerful enemies, and show his outstanding command ability. )
How to write about the war in the last paragraph of the text, and how to summarize the experience of defeating the Qi army in this paragraph?
The Qi army was driven away and the war was won, but Duke Zhuang of Lu did not know how the war was won. On the one hand, it proves once again that "carnivores are contemptuous", on the other hand, it is reasonable to ask for justice. Because of Cao Gui's two "failures" in the last paragraph, he stopped Duke Zhuang of Lu from directing blindly, defeated the Qi army twice, and drove the Qi army out of Lu. As far as Lord Lu Zhuang is concerned, it is natural to ask. This question naturally leads to Cao Gui's summary of the war and further "debate", which also makes the text transition from describing the war naturally to summarizing the experience of winning.
Why did he only say how to choose the timing of counterattack and pursuit?
Cao Gui's summary of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War is aimed at questioning Duke Zhuang of Lu. Zhuang Gong's doubt is that he ordered a preemptive counterattack twice in the war to pursue the enemy, but both were stopped by Cao Gui, so Cao Gui made a targeted explanation of Zhuang Gong and summarized the experience of winning the battle, which made the content of the article consistent and developed naturally.
What are the characteristics of the detailed arrangement of this article?
This article is closely related to the "debate" and introduces Cao Gui's remarks in detail. For example, in the first paragraph, the three questions and three answers with Duke Zhuang of Lu showed his strategic thought of "winning the trust of the people" in detail. Another example is the reason for the victory of the third syllogism, which illustrates his strategic thinking. Fighting must rely on morale, seize the opportunity, and be cautious and decisive. These two paragraphs fully demonstrate Cao Gui's political foresight and military talent. For things that do not help to express "arguments", such as the cause of the war, the state of the battle, and the post-war treatment. This cut-in, clear narrative and appropriate details effectively highlight the center.
In this article, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
The weak Lu defeated the powerful Qi by the correct military theory: winning the trust of the people politically and attacking the enemy strategically and tactically.
Does Duke Zhuang of Lu really have no merit?
Politically incompetent, militarily impatient and aggressive, but still able to accept other people's opinions.
Looking at the whole article, what is the reason why the weak country Lu can defeat the strong country Qi?
(1) Fully prepared before the war; Winning the trust of the people is the premise of ensuring the victory of the war, which is the factor of "harmony between people"
(2) Choosing a favorable place, with the spoon in Shandong, is an anti-aggression war, which is a "geographical advantage" factor.
(3) Seize the favorable opportunity of counter-offensive and wait until "the other side is tired and I am profitable" before taking the initiative to attack.
(4) Seize the appropriate opportunity to pursue, examine the enemy's situation in detail, and when it is confirmed that there is no ambush, pursue with 56 victories and win a great victory. The last two points are the "time" factor.
In a word, the reason for Lu Shengli lies in its favorable weather, favorable geographical position and human harmony, and the most important thing is human harmony.
3. Knowledge points of Cao Gui Debate 10 Spring, Qi attacked me, and the public would fight. Cao Gui asked to see him, and the fellow villagers said, "What about finding someone who eats meat?" "Those in power are short-sighted and unable to think deeply," Cao Gui said. "See you then.
"What are you fighting for?" Cao Gui asked. Zhuang Gong said, "I never dared to know what to eat and wear. I must give it to the ministers around me. "Yes, I said," Xiao En does not repeat, and people are obedient. Zhuang Gong said, "I never dare to exaggerate the number of pigs, sheep, jade articles, silks and so on. I must tell God the truth." . Cao Gui said: "Mix has no credit and cannot be trusted by the gods. The gods will not bless you." . "."Zhuang Gong said, "Even if you can't see all the litigation cases in Mix, I must be based on facts." Yes, he said, "Loyalty belongs to you. You can fight a war. If you fight, please follow. "
Multiply it. Fight for a long spoon. Zhuang Gongzheng wants to order drums. "Not now," said Cao Gui. The Qi people drummed three times and said, "Never mind. "Qi Jun was completely defeated. Their duke ordered the horse to chase the horse. " "Not now," Cao Gui said. Next, look at it, climb it, look at it and say, "Yes." So, the pursuit of Qi Jun was pursued.
When he was defeated, the public asked him why and said to him, "It takes courage to fight. High spirits, then decline, three exhausted. I am tired, I am surplus, so I will overcome it. Great powers are unpredictable and frightening. I regard it as chaos and look at its flag, so I chase it. "
4. Urgent/essay/xiuwen? ArticleID=842 Cao Gui Debate Reading Collection Download and Miyun County in Beijing In the spring of 2008, Qi Shi attacked me.
Duke Zhuang is going to fight. The king asked to see Lord Zhuang.
His fellow countryman said, "People in power will plan this. Why do you want to participate?" ? ""Those in power are short-sighted and unable to think deeply, "Cao Gui said." Then they went to the court to see the duke.
"What are you fighting for?" Cao Gui asked. Zhuang Gong said, "I never dare to know what to eat and wear. I must give it to the ministers around me." Cao Gui replied, "This little favor cannot be extended to the people, and the people will not obey you. "
Duke Zhuang said, "I never dare to exaggerate the number of pigs, sheep, jade articles, silks, etc. for sacrifice. I must tell God the truth." Cao Gui said: "Mix's credit cannot be trusted by the gods, and the gods will not bless you." . "
Zhuang Gong said: "Even if you can't see all the lawsuits in Mix, I must be based on facts." Yes: "Loyalty belongs to you.
You can go to war. Please pay attention to this war. "
Multiply it. Fight for a long spoon.
Zhuang Gongzheng wants to order drums. "Not now," said Cao Gui. "
Wait until Qi Jun hits the drums three times. Cao Gui said, "You can play the drums." . "
Qi Jun was completely defeated. Their duke ordered the horse to be chased by the horse.
"Not now," said Cao Gui. "Then he got off the chariot, looked at the tracks of Qi Jun's wheels, climbed on the chariot, supported the front railing of the chariot and looked at Qi Jun's formation, and said," We can pursue. ". "
So, the pursuit of Qi Jun was pursued. After winning, the king asked him why he won.
He said: "It takes courage to fight. High spirits, then decline, three exhausted.
I am tired, I am surplus, so I will overcome it. Great powers are unpredictable and frightening.
I regard it as chaos and look at its flag, so I chase it. "1 1. One of the following words with the same meaning is () (2 points) A. Carnivores despise carnivores, but fail to see far. B.after a few months, they always come in from time to time. C.they dare to give me extra minutes. D. Loyalty also belongs to keeping score 12. Explain.
(2 points) (1) Xiaohui is not embarrassed: (2) What's left when I'm exhausted: score 13. Translate the following sentences in modern Chinese. (2 points) (1) Have plenty of food and clothing. If you dare to be a teacher, you will be divided.
Translation: (2) Little faith is not blessed, but God is blessed. The score is 14. What is the purpose of Cao Gui's "looking down on the truth and staring at it"? (Answer in your own words) In paragraph (3), what is the meanness of Duke Zhuang of Lu? (Original answer) (3 points) A: Answer: 1 1. Answer: A(2 points) 12. Answer: (1) is the same as "times", generally (2 points) is full, here is high morale (* * 2 points.
* * * Two spaces, each space is 1 min) 13. Answer: (1) I dare not have food, clothing and other health-preserving things for myself. I must give them to others. (2) This small contribution cannot be trusted by God, and the gods will not bless it. ((**2 points. * * * Two small questions, 65438+ 0 point for each small question) 14. A: A big country is unpredictable and afraid of an ambush; By investigating the enemy's situation, we can find out the truth of Qi's retreat, and then decide whether to pursue Qi.
After winning, the king asked him why he won. ((**3 points.
The first question is 2 points, and the second question 1 point. ) Huai 'an City, Jiangsu Province, in the spring of the ten-year debate in Cao Gui in 2008, Qi Shi attacked me. Duke Zhuang is going to fight.
The king asked to see Lord Zhuang. His fellow countryman said, "People in power will plan this. Why do you want to participate?" ? ""Those in power are short-sighted and unable to think deeply, "Cao Gui said."
Then they went to the court to see the duke. "What are you fighting for?" Cao Gui asked. Zhuang Gong said, "I never dared to know what to eat and wear. I must give it to the ministers around me. "
Cao Gui replied: "This little kindness cannot be extended to the people, and the people will not obey you." Duke Zhuang said, "I never dare to exaggerate the number of pigs, sheep, jade articles, silks, etc. for sacrifice. I must tell God the truth."
Cao Gui said: "Mix's credit cannot be trusted by the gods, and the gods will not bless you." . "ZhuangGong said," even if you can't see all the lawsuits in Mix, I must also be based on facts. "
Yes: "Loyalty belongs to you. You can go to war.
Please pay attention to this war. "Public by it.
Fight for a long spoon. Zhuang Gongzheng wants to order drums.
"Not now," said Cao Gui. "Wait until after Qi Jun drummed three times.
Cao Gui said, "You can play the drums." . "Qi Jun was completely defeated.
Their duke ordered the horse to be chased by the horse. "Not now," said Cao Gui. "
Then he got out of the chariot, looked at the tracks of Qi Jun's wheels, climbed into the chariot, supported the front railing of the chariot and looked at Qi Jun's formation, saying, "We can pursue." . "So the pursuit of Qi Jun was pursued.
After winning, the king asked him why he won. He said: "It takes courage to fight.
High spirits, then decline, three exhausted. I am exhausted and profitable, so I will beat it, and my husband will be a big country, which is unpredictable and terrible.
I regard it as chaos and look at its flag, so I chase it. "(selected from Zuo Zhuan) 18. Explain the meaning of adding words.
(4 points) ① What's the difference? ② Xiaohui is not embarrassed. ③ God's blessing is also a blessing. ④ Sacrificing jade and silk: 19. Among the following four items, the meaning and usage are the same (3 points). A. How to fight/not to be happy with things, not to be sad for yourself. B. Look down on the small prison/four seasons. (6 points) 1 If you have enough food and clothing, you will be divided if you dare to specialize.
Loyalty and righteousness also belong to it. You can go to war.
Translation: 3. Work hard, then decline, and finally run out. Translation: 2 1 The Qi army was besieged and asked "how to fight". The first two answers of Duke Zhuang of Lu were both denied by Cao Gui, and the last answer was "Prison size, although not observable, must show affection."
Cao Gui said, "We can take part in World War I". What did you learn from the Q&A between Cao Gui and Duke Zhuang of Lu? Please summarize it in simple language.
(5 points) Cao Xu: Lv Zhuanggong: Answer: 18, slightly 19, B20, slightly 2 1, Cao Xu: a person with patriotic thoughts and political foresight. Lv Zhuanggong: He is short-sighted in politics, but he is good at teaching (for example, he can explain it in words from concrete practice). In 2008, Jia Wengong, Sanming City, Fujian Province, took advantage of the situation and made a big spoon.
Zhuang Gongzheng wants to order drums. "Not now," said Cao Gui. "
The Qi people beat the drums three times and said, "Yes." When Qi Shi is defeated, people will rush to it and say, "Impossible."
Look at it, look at it and say, "Yes." So, the pursuit of Qi Jun was pursued.
(Excerpted from the debate) The war and flood between Duke Song and Chu people (1). The Song Dynasty was established, but the Chu people did not (2) get up economically (3).
Sima (④) said, "There are few people there, and they are not in Jiji. Please hit them. " Gong said, "No."
If you don't list it, you will tell it. Gong said, "Impossible."
Chen (5) hit it again, and Teacher Song was defeated. Notes (1) Hong: Flood (2) Both: exhausted, finished (3) Ji: Du (4) Sima: the supreme commander in command of the army.
(5) Chen: Use "array" and put it in place. 14. Explain the meaning of adding words.
(2 points) (1) The general will drum up () (2) Song has been erected () 15. Translate the following sentences. (5 points) (1) Watch and watch.
(2) The other side is outnumbered and not in Gigi. Please hit them. 16. Answer the questions in the original sentence.
(3 points) Now, the "big defeat" is because Lu took the opportunity to launch an attack. The second article "Songshi was defeated" is because Song Gong missed the opportunity to launch an attack: (1); (2) 。
Answer: 14. (2 points. 65438+ 0 point for each small question) (1) Drumming (drumming) (2) 15. (5 points) (1)(2 points.
65438+ 0 point for each clause) (He) got off the bus and got on the front crossbar in line with the rut (wheel track) of the chariot.
5. Literary knowledge about the debate in Cao Gui 1. Common sense of literature.
1. Author: Zuo Qiuming.
2. Selected from: Zuo Zhuan.
Zuo Zhuan is a famous chronological history book in China, which records the important historical facts of various countries in the Spring and Autumn Period. Legend has it that it was compiled by Zuo Qiuming, a historian of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, according to Chunqiu. Also known as Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals.
Second, the content of the article.
1. Part I (paragraphs 1 and 2): Write to help Lu prepare for the war.
The second part (the third paragraph): Write about the process of war.
The third part (the third paragraph): Write the reasons for the post-war victory.
2. Central idea: It narrates the historical fact that giving advice to Duke Zhuang of Lu in the "Battle of the Long Spoon" helped him to adopt correct strategies and tactics, which finally enabled the weak State of Lu to defeat the powerful State of Qi, and expounded the truth that only by winning the trust of the people, sizing up the situation, and being good at mastering fighters can we win the war, showing our political vision, military talent and strong patriotism.
3. Writing characteristics:
1) Compare and talk about excellent people.
2) The content is detailed and appropriate.
Three. Key points.
1. Character image:
1) Cao Gui-Yuanmou. He has outstanding political foresight, military talent and strong patriotism.
2) Luzhuang Gongbi. Impatient and reckless, but humbly ask for advice, know people and be good at their duties.
This paper highlights the meanness of Lu Zhuanggong from three aspects: before the war, he pinned his hopes for victory on the same humble "carnivore" and imaginary God; Do not observe the enemy's situation in wartime, be impatient and rash; I don't know how to win after the war Its purpose is to form a sharp contrast with Cao Gui and highlight Cao Gui's foresight.
2. This paper briefly describes the war, and takes over "Qi people and three drums", "Qi division is defeated" and "Qi division is chased by Qi division". But the dialogue with Duke Zhuang of Lu was written in detail because:
1) This paper focuses on "on" war, and dialogue can show Cao Gui's political foresight and military talent.
2) Can compare the vulgarity of Duke Zhuang of Lu with his foresight, and highlight the center.
6. Cao Gui's controversial grammar knowledge is different from ancient times to modern times.
1. What's the matter?
2. Small and big (ancient meaning: case present meaning: prison)
3. Fu Ganye (ancient meaning: false positive in modern meaning: increase)
4. Jade (ancient meaning: cattle, sheep and pigs for sacrifice; Modern significance: dedicated to the revolutionary cause)
5. Carnivores fail to see far (ancient meaning: short-sighted, modern meaning: contempt)
6. World War I (ancient meaning: modern translation: yes, yes)
7. Decline (ancient meaning: second meaning: things are repeated, the second time)
8. Learn from me (ancient meaning: crusade against modern meaning: logging)
9. Cut me down together (ancient meaning: modern meaning of the army: teacher)
10. It must be (old meaning: truth today meaning: feelings)
1 1. belongs to (ancient meaning: do your best; Now meaning: loyalty, loyalty)
Common words
Xiaohui: "Yi" and "Bian" are the same, and they are everywhere.
Flexible use of parts of speech
1. What's the matter?
2. Small and big (ancient meaning: case present meaning: prison)
3. Fu Ganye (ancient meaning: false positive in modern meaning: increase)
4. Jade (ancient meaning: cattle, sheep and pigs for sacrifice; Modern significance: dedicated to the revolutionary cause)
Carnivores can't see far away (ancient meaning: short-sighted, modern meaning: contempt)
6 World War I (ancient meaning: can rely on modern translation: yes, yes)
polysemy
1 reason: ask the public why: reason 2 from: people from: obey, obey.
Therefore, one by one: therefore, please follow: follow.
Qi: His hometown said: He means.
Ask the public why: Among them
I feel very confused: they refer to the Qi army.
7. Cao Gui's debate notes and review materials "Debate in Cao Gui" text discussion 1. Grasping the battle of Qilu in 684 BC as a whole is one of the famous examples in history.
The main content of this paper is not to describe the process of this battle, but to record Cao Gui's exposition of this war. It vividly shows that winning the trust of the people in politics, using correct strategies and tactics, and mastering fighters are the necessary conditions for weak countries to defeat powerful countries. The focus of this article is "farsightedness". Through the dialogue between the characters, Cao Gui's "farsightedness" and "cannibalism" are vividly reproduced.
The full text is divided into three paragraphs. The first paragraph describes that Cao Gui sought audience with Duke Zhuang of Lu before the war. Through his dialogue with Duke Zhuang of Lu, it is shown that winning the trust of the people in politics is the premise of fighting.
It can be divided into two layers: the first layer (from the beginning to Nai Jin Jian) describes the reason why Cao Gui sought audience with Duke Zhuang of Lu. The beginning points out the time, goal, nature of the war and Lu Zhuanggong's operational decision.
The article only talks about "the public must fight" and does not mention anything else. In fact, it means that Zhuang Gong is in a passive position and has to fight, which paves the way for the following "Look at Cao Gui". Then write a dialogue between Cao Gui and his fellow villagers.
The villagers' dissuasion may not be meaningful, but it also reflects the people's attitude towards the rulers to some extent; And Cao Gui's answer shows that he had a far-reaching consideration of this war, and he also knew something about the meanness of the rulers, and affirmed the necessity of "looking at it". Cao Gui's reply is the outline of the full text, so the following part describes Cao Gui's "foresight" and Zhuang Gongzhi's "contempt".
On the second level ("Why did you fight?" to the end of the paragraph), the dialogue between Cao Gui and Zhuang Gong about pre-war preparation shows that winning the trust of the people politically is the prerequisite for winning the war. At the beginning of the dialogue, Cao Gui put forward the key question of pre-war preparation, "How to fight", showing keen vision.
Zhuang Gong's previous two answers were "food and clothing are safe, and if you dare to be an expert, you will be divided" and "sacrifice jade and silk, if you dare to add it, you will believe it". It can be seen that he pinned his hope of winning on the support of the recent ministers and the blessing of God, which shows that he is extremely despicable. Cao Gui denied these two replies, pointing out that what Zhuang Gong said was just "small kindness and small trust" and stressing the importance of "obeying the people" and "enriching the people" was undoubtedly correct.
Inspired by him, Duke Zhuang finally realized that fighting depends on the people and was determined to do something good for the people. So he said, "Although you can't keep a small prison, you should show your affection." It can be seen from this conversation that the purpose of Cao Gui's visit to Zhuang Gong is to make Zhuang Gong realize the role of popular support in the war, win the support of the people, and lay a reliable foundation for victory, which initially shows his "foresight".
In the second paragraph, the story of the battle of Qilu long spoon is described. In this paper, the different command modes of Zhuang Gong and Cao Gui are compared and described: writing about Zhuang Gong, using "beating drums" and "marching" to correspond to the above article "fighting", shows that he does not observe the enemy's situation and fights rashly; When writing about Cao Gui, two "impossibilities" and two "possibilities" were set off, which showed that he was calm when he got cold feet, and he was good at mastering fighters.
This is actually another comparison between Cao Gui's "foresight" and Zhuang Gongzhi's "meanness". But the author intends to ambush; Why did Cao Gui wait until "Qi people beat three drums" to feel that he could beat drums and gongs, and why did he wait until "Qi teacher lost" to "look down on the situation and be far-sighted" to feel that he could pursue hard, without first explaining.
Only by leaving these two questions to be answered below can we better highlight the theme of "debate". In the third paragraph, Cao Gui discussed the reasons for winning the campaign.
First of all, use this sentence as a link between the preceding and the following. It shows that Zhuang Gong doesn't understand military affairs at all, which not only confirms the "cannibalism" at the beginning, but also naturally leads to Cao Gui's exposition.
In this paper, the word "V" leads to two meanings in turn: the first one, based on "fighting and being brave", puts forward the view that the opponent should attack when he is tired and I am in favor, and answers the question why he thought of "energy" and "drum" after "three drums" in combat; The second layer, based on "great powers are unpredictable" and beware of ambush, puts forward the viewpoint of judging the real dynamic situation of the enemy, and explains the reason why he thinks that "you can whip up your horse quickly" after "overlooking the situation and waiting for its change". This further shows that Cao Gui is indeed a visionary strategist.
Second, the problem study 1. What are the characteristics of this article in writing? Formally, this article records the historical facts and the dialogue between Lu Zhuanggong and Cao Gui around the battle between Qilu and Changshao, but it is essentially an argumentative paper, mainly writing Cao Gui's exposition on war issues, focusing on expressing his "foresight". The specific arrangement of the full text is decided by this.
The first paragraph briefly describes the background and then leads to a substantive dialogue, starting with Cao Gui's proposal of "how to fight" and moving forward step by step. It was not until Zhuang Gong showed his attitude towards "big and small prisons" that Cao Gui came to the conclusion that "loyalty is also a matter of fighting", which showed his thought of winning the trust of the people politically. The second paragraph focuses on Cao Gui's decision-making ability on the battlefield, showing that he is good at mastering fighter planes with "impossible" and "feasible" twice, and proving the correctness of his decision-making with "defeating his division" and "following his division".
In the third paragraph, he explained his strategic and tactical thinking by discussing the reasons for winning: a small enemy must seize the fighter plane and carefully check the enemy's situation. The above are the details, and the rest have nothing to do with Cao Gui's "foresight", such as the cause of the war, the number of people participating in the war between the two sides, and the intensity of the war. , and the events that led to the dispute, such as "please fight", "participate in the war" and "defeat the enemy", were only briefly mentioned.
This kind of tailoring is of great significance to reappear the image of Cao Gui, a military strategist, and highlight the center of the article. The language in this paper is very concise, which is closely related to the so-called "historian's brushwork".
For example, for Lu Zhuanggong, derogatory language is not directly used in the text; However, from his previous two answers to Cao Gui, we can see his political incompetence, and from his "beating", "drumming" and "galloping", we can see his ignorance and recklessness in the military, which can be called "only reading what he does" and "only knowing what he says". When writing about the Qi army, just using the word "three drums" shows their desire to win by relying on quantitative advantages.
2. How to evaluate Lu Zhuanggong? Duke Zhuang of Lu is a mediocre monarch, but he is not a bad monarch. He pinned the hope of war on the implementation of "small favors" and prayed for the blessing of the gods, indicating his political incompetence; His desire to fight shows his ignorance in military affairs.
However, encouraged by Cao Gui, he finally learned something and obeyed Cao Gui in the battle.
8. Translation debate and translation of key test sites: In the spring of the tenth year of Lu Zhuanggong, the Qi army attacked Lu in China, and Lu Zhuanggong was ready to fight. Cao Gui asked Duke Zhuang of Lu to see him. His fellow countryman said, "The big official who ate meat planned this. Why did you participate?" Cao Gui said: "Big officials who eat meat are short-sighted and can't have foresight." He went into the palace to see Lord Zhuang. Cao Gui asked Duke Zhuang, "What do you rely on to fight against Qi?" Duke Zhuang of Lu said, "Health-preserving things such as food and clothing cannot be enjoyed exclusively, but must be given to others." Cao Gui replied: "Small favors have not been spread to the people, and the people will not follow you." Duke Zhuang of Lu said: "We never dare to falsely report the amount of jade and silk used for sacrifice. We must be honest with God. " Cao Gui said, "This is only a small contribution. If you are not persuaded by God, God will not bless you. " Zhuang Gong said: "Although we can't find out the whole situation, we must deal with it according to the facts." Cao Gui replied, "This is something that we have done our duty. With this condition, we can fight a war. If you fight, please allow me to go with you. "
Duke Zhuang of Lu rode with him in a chariot and fought with the Qi army in the ladle. Zhuanggong wanted to beat the drums and said, "No." The Qi army beat the drums three times and said, "You can beat the drums to attack." The Qi army was defeated. Duke Zhuang of Lu chased the Qi army by car and said, "No." He got off and looked at the rut marks of the car, then boarded the crossbar in front of the car and looked at the retreat of the Qi army. Say, "You can pursue it." So he chased the qi army.
After winning the battle, Duke Zhuang of Lu asked him why he did it. Cao Gui replied, "Fighting depends on courage. When the Qi army attacked with drums for the first time, their soldiers took courage. When they hit the drums for the second time, their courage weakened. When they hit the drums for the third time, their courage was exhausted. Their morale was exhausted and our morale was strong, so we beat them. It is difficult for a big country like Qi to speculate on their military actions. I'm afraid there is an ambush. I saw the ruts of their chariots in a mess, and their flags fell from a distance, so I ordered them to chase her. "
Test center: small and big prisons, although they can't be found, they must have feelings. High spirits, then decline, three exhausted. Translation of these two sentences. There is also the translation of key words, plus the understanding of the character's personality.