Wang Anshi's reply to Sima's suggestion is included in the Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan. It is Wang Anshi's letter work, which mainly tells Wang Anshi's five major crimes against Sima Guang, and at the same time criticizes the conservative literati class, which can't accept new ideas, thus showing his determination to reform. The whole work, with sharp words and firm attitude, is a famous refutation in ancient history.

Portrait of Wang Anshi

The article is written like this:

Wang Anshi personally rev:

Thank you very much for your letter yesterday. Personally, I think our personal relationship is very close, but we have many differences in political views. This is because we have different views and methods on things. Although I reluctantly want to persuade a few words, I will definitely not be understood by you in the end, so I just reply to a letter very briefly and will not defend myself one by one. But I also think you attach great importance to me, so I don't think I should be careless when writing letters, so I will explain my thoughts and opinions in detail now, hoping that you may understand what I have done after reading it.

Scholars tend to focus on what they are talking about and arguing about. If the name and line are clear, then the reason is clear. Today, you think that the new law I promoted encroached on the authority of officials to a certain extent, causing a lot of trouble and plundering people's property. You think I don't listen to opinions with an open mind, so I am disgusted and accused by the whole world. But I don't think so. I think: my new law was approved and recognized by the emperor, and it was handed over to the relevant departments for strict implementation through certain legal procedures. How can this be regarded as infringement? Follow the example of the former emperors, implement benevolent policies, do good deeds and accumulate virtue, eliminate political defects and get rid of malpractices. Is this the so-called trouble? Is it called robbing people and property to increase national fiscal revenue and improve national fiscal problems? If you don't listen to the villain, isn't that just not listening with an open mind and not correcting your mistakes? If you implement the new law, you are expected to hear slander and disgust. Don't take it too seriously.

People are used to the past life, and they all muddle along. Scholar-officials don't care about state affairs, but only flatter and flatter people. Now the emperor wants to change this situation. What I want to do is to help the emperor do these things with all my strength. Even if there are many opponents, I don't care, because this is not my responsibility, and it is normal for opponents to point their finger at me. In ancient times, when King Pan Geng of Shang Dynasty moved to the capital, people would cry because of the scholar-officials. However, Pan Geng did not give up the plan to move the capital, but continued to act according to the plan. If the direction is correct, there is no need to consider other factors.

If you are accusing me of being in a high position for a long time but not helping the emperor to do a good job and not letting the people live a good life, then I admit it is my fault, but if I do nothing, then I am too sorry for myself and can't do it.

I didn't get a chance to meet you. I miss you very much and admire you very much.

Wang Anshi's educational thought is similar to the current national educational policy. Let's first look at the essence of Wang Anshi's educational thought.

Wang Anshi sculpture

One: Wang Anshi paid special attention to the role of education and the learning and training the day after tomorrow, so during his official career, he expanded his school and attached importance to education and personnel training. In education, it is undoubtedly progressive and innovative to implement reform, oppose rote learning and advocate autonomous learning. Therefore, once this idea was put forward, it was strongly opposed by conservatives. They were Confucian scholars who were poisoned by Confucian classics since childhood and could not understand this innovative learning thinking and way.

Two: Wang Anshi pays attention to the cultivation of talents. Wang Anshi's way of thinking is undoubtedly advanced, and talents are the pillars of the country. The rise and fall of a country is closely related to talents. Social progress needs excellent talents to pave the way, which is also a major problem that the country is facing and needs to solve now. If a country wants to develop, it must have a large number of innovative talents, and these talents are trained through education, which is enough to see the importance of education. In other words, Wang Anshi grasped the root of national development.

Third, the practicality of teaching content. In feudal society, everyone memorized four books and five classics, which can be described as an armchair strategist. Wang Anshi's educational thought is to let students learn literature and martial arts, develop in all aspects, and have practical provisions on learning content, so that scholars can apply what they have learned in the future.

Looking at modern times from Wang Anshi's educational thought, Wang Anshi's educational thought is the current educational policy. It can be said that Wang Anshi realized the importance of education and how to do it thousands of years ago. He needs innovative thinking, pragmatic attitude and persistent spirit to guide people to carry out reform, which is also the enlightenment of Wang Anshi's educational thought in modern times.

Wang Anshi's new learning Wang Anshi's new learning is also called Gong Jing's new learning. Its founder is Wang Anshi, whose writing time was in the period of Northern Song Shenzong. Wang Anshi's new school is headed by Wang Anshi, and its main members include Wang Anshi's son, Wang Anshi's son-in-law Cai Bian, Shen Kuo, Lv Huiqing and others.

Compilation and revision of the new meanings of the three classics

Wang Anshi's new learning is mainly composed of poetic meaning, book meaning and Wednesday, which are collectively called "three classics and new meanings" This is the theme of Wang Anshi's new learning, which is to train scholars through classics.

Among the three meanings of Wang Anshi's new learning, Zhou is the basis of the reform, and Wang Anshi personally teaches and explains the knife method. The other two meanings are explained by his sons Wang He and Lv Huiqing. After the new interpretation, it is authoritative and feasible, just like the law, and it is issued by the government.

Once published, all scholars are afraid to follow. Wang Anshi's new law also marked the end of Confucian classics in Han and Tang dynasties and ushered in a new era of Song studies.

Although Wang Anshi's new learning is mainly based on three classics and new meanings, it has a wide range of contents, including Zi Shuo, Lao Zi Zhu, ZaShuo and other important works, and even more supports Mencius.

Since the promulgation of Wang Anshi's new school, it has been supported by a large number of people. Many scholars have become scholars of the school, and Wang Anshi's new school has also become an official school. The influence of Wang Anshi's new learning lasted for nearly 60 years, which was the ruling field of Wang Anshi's new learning from the beginning of its promulgation to the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. The rise of Wang Anshi's new learning became the most powerful and potential school in the late Northern Song Dynasty.

The decline of Wang Anshi's new learning is his deep sleep. After Wang Anshi's death, his new learning changed qualitatively. Since then, there has been no influential scholar to guide and carry forward his new learning. This school has even become a tool used by Cai Jing and others to exclude dissidents.

Content of Wang Anshi's political reform Wang Anshi's political reform mainly started from two aspects, one was financial management, and the other was army reorganization, which finally achieved the goal of changing the social pattern of "poor and weak" in the Northern Song Dynasty and restraining bureaucratic landlord privileges, so as to make Qiang Bing rich.

Wang Anshi's reform

The main content of Wang Anshi's political reform-financial management;

Equal loss method:

Young crops law: private families can borrow money from the government, and the government lends money to farmers at an annual interest rate of 20% to subsidize farming, targeting farmers, craftsmen and so on. Replacing private usury with official loans not only gives people a way out, but also increases government revenue.

Farmland water conservancy law: mainly to vigorously build water conservancy, effectively reclaim wasteland and encourage the development of agriculture.

Immunity law: government officials no longer use civilians to serve, but use employment. Not only that, households pay different tax allowances according to the level of wealth, and the privileges of those bureaucratic landlords have been removed before. This form not only reduces the labor burden of farmers, but also increases the government's income.

Land equalization method: land is uniformly distributed by the government, and different taxes are paid according to the size of land area and income, effectively preventing landlords from annexing land.

New laws, such as equal loss law, market exchange law and young crops law, have dealt a blow to the whole bureaucratic landlords and wealthy businessmen, seriously restricted these groups' hoarding, speculation and exploitation of farmers, and at the same time increased the state's fiscal revenue.

The main content of Wang Anshi s political reform-army reorganization;

Garbo's Law: By arranging and organizing farmers, 10 households take the first insurance, 50 households take the first insurance, and 10 large insurance constitutes one insurance. Then, from every household, find workers to work in busy farming hours and train soldiers in slack farming hours, so that the country can go to the battlefield to kill the enemy when the war comes.

The establishment of military inspectors and the combination of the art of war and the Garbo law are used to strengthen military strength and consolidate border defense.

Wang Anshi lived in the Northern Song Dynasty and was a famous politician, reformer and writer. Wang Anshi 102 1 was born in an official family. My ancestral home is Linchuan, Fuzhou, and my real name is king. His father was a judge and magistrate of Linjiang Army in his early years, so he moved from the north to the south.

Bronze statue of Wang Anshi

Wang Anshi is diligent and studious, gifted and intelligent, with amazing memory, congenital factors and good education. Wang Anshi's outstanding talent is a rare generation of talented people. Wang Anshi 1042 was admitted to the top scholar, which was the beginning of his career. Since then, Wang Anshi has served in various places, successively serving as Judge Huainan, Judge Zhou Shu and Magistrate of Yinxian County. During his tenure, Wang Anshi built water conservancy projects, vigorously developed agriculture and expanded schools, which made outstanding contributions to people's livelihood.

1067, Song Shenzong inherited the throne and heard a lot about Wang Anshi. After he succeeded to the throne, Wang Anshi was appointed as the magistrate of Jiangning, and later he was promoted to a bachelor's degree in Hanlin, which was highly valued by Song Shenzong.

Wang Anshi's achievements are closely related to his experience. When Wang Anshi was a child, he traveled with his father to the north and south, with rich experience, and had a profound understanding and experience of the social crisis in the Northern Song Dynasty. After growing up, the examiner became an official and served as a local official in various places. During this period, I was sympathetic to people's feelings, related to people's livelihood, and experienced the sufferings of the people. During his tenure, he wrote to the imperial court many times, suggesting to promote the advantages and eliminate the disadvantages. The people's pressure and burden are lightened, so that the country can be more prosperous.

From 65438 to 0058, Wang Anshi began to reform, the main purpose of which was to change the pattern of "poverty and weakness" in the country. The ultimate goal of Wang Anshi's political reform is to change the current pattern and implement the policy of enriching the people. Wang Anshi's political reform was mainly divided into two parts, focusing on financial management and army consolidation, and implemented a series of policy reforms such as young crops and exemption from service. However, due to the influence of internal and external factors, Wang Anshi's political reform was not successful.

Wang Anshi died in 1086 at the age of 66.