When writing an argumentative essay, the most common mistakes made by candidates in the "introduction" part are: 1, the cited materials are too long, not concise and not summarized; 2. The displayed view is not clear enough; 3. There is no organic transition between materials and opinions, which makes opinions and materials "two skins" and not stick to meat.

In order to make the material citation concise and general, it is necessary to make directional narration according to the needs of the viewpoint. The so-called directional narrative is not only to analyze the elements defined in the argument, but also to narrate according to the defined elements. For example, the argument of refining is "diligence can make up for the shortcomings", and the cited materials must have the following three elements: ① "clumsiness"; ② Diligence; (3) It can make up for "clumsiness" and produce effects. The clumsiness here is a very important factor. Without it, it is difficult to analyze arguments. Another example is the argument that "don't be afraid of failure", which also limits that the cited materials must have the following three elements: ① there must be "failure"; (2) there must be "the situation of having nothing to fear"; (3) Victory through tenacious struggle. The "failure" factor here is very important, and students often ignore the reference of the "failure" factor when quoting materials.