Digital teaching resources refer to multimedia learning materials that can be digitally processed, run on multimedia computers or under network environment, and can be enjoyed by * * * *. The research in this field is endless. So, as a college student, how should we explore the relevant content? Follow me to have a look!
This paper discusses the principles, approaches and problems that should be paid attention to in the construction of digital teaching resources.
Keywords: education informatization, digital teaching resources, resources * * *
Comrade Chen Zhili once wrote in 1998: "Modern educational technology is the commanding height and breakthrough of educational reform and development. To realize the modernization and leap-forward development of education, educational informatization is a key factor. By occupying this commanding height, we can open the door to modernization leading to educational reform and development. " The biggest feature of educational informatization is the digitalization and networking of teaching resources, and the openness and sharing of resources. Therefore, the construction of digital teaching resources has become an urgent pursuit of educational informatization.
1. Definition and types of digital teaching resources
Digital teaching resources refer to multimedia teaching materials that can be run under the multimedia computer and network environment after digital processing. Generally, it includes the following types: First, the teaching resource library, including question bank, teaching material library, courseware library, case library and so on. Second, online courses, that is, courses offered on the Internet, are interactive, open, interesting, collaborative and autonomous, and are a complete course for people to learn directly on the Internet. The third is the teaching website, which mainly refers to the cyberspace for teachers or teaching groups to store their own teaching resources, courseware, handouts, papers and so on.
2. Principles of digital teaching resources construction
2. 1 teaching principles
The construction of digital teaching resources should follow the basic laws of teaching, firmly grasp the dominant position of teachers and students, pay attention to the analysis of learners' characteristics, and the structural design of teaching content should conform to students' cognitive ability, continuously cultivate students' learning interest and autonomous learning ability, and promote the healthy development of students' body and mind.
2.2 scientific principles
The construction of digital teaching resources should first ensure the accuracy of content, and secondly, the organization of resources should conform to the internal logic system of knowledge and the cognitive structure of students. This not only facilitates teachers' teaching, but also helps students to master new knowledge.
2.3 Systematic principle
Education informatization is a systematic project, which requires the Party, the state and the education authorities to formulate a series of policies to promote education informatization and a medium-and long-term development plan for education informatization. As the core content of educational informatization, the construction of digital teaching resources also needs to be gradual, which requires overall planning, rational division of labor and coordinated development to ensure the steady progress of resource construction.
2.4 the principle of hierarchy
People's demand for teaching resources varies widely. Therefore, the construction of digital teaching resources should reflect people's needs at different levels, establish a teaching resource system covering basic education, higher education, vocational education, normal education, adult education and other levels, form a three-dimensional teaching resource database, and maximize the utilization value of resources.
2.5*** the principle of enjoyment
The construction of digital teaching resources should follow the principle of * * * to avoid repeated construction and waste of resources.
3. Ways to build digital teaching resources
The construction of digital teaching resources must be led by the government, give full play to the important role of the library as an information resource center, and encourage teachers and relevant units to actively participate, fully mobilize their enthusiasm, initiative and creativity, and devote themselves to the construction of digital teaching resources.
3. 1 Construction of Excellent Courses
Chen Zhili said at the Fifth National Higher Education Teaching Achievement Awards Conference: "Strengthen the construction of educational informatization and promote the sharing of educational resources. At present, the shortage of high-quality educational resources is still a prominent problem that restricts the quality of teaching. It is necessary to complete the task of building 1500 national excellent courses with high quality, vigorously promote the construction of school, provincial and national excellent courses, and form a multi-disciplinary and multi-course network system platform. It is necessary to build an equipment sharing system and a digital library to speed up the construction of an information-based teaching environment. " Education administrative departments at all levels and institutions of higher learning should attach importance to the construction of excellent courses, continue to increase funding and policy support, and promote the construction and sharing of high-quality resources. Schools should make full use of the high-quality resources and construction experience of national top-quality courses, promote the curriculum reform of our school and continuously improve the teaching quality. At present, many schools have successively carried out the construction of top-quality courses and opened online courses, which has accelerated the development process of educational informatization.
3.2 Digital construction of library information resources
As a distribution center of knowledge and information, the library has a large number of literature information resources. These resources can be digitized through certain technology and can be obtained through the network.
3.2. 1 Abstract or full-text database construction
By processing the library's collection resources and forming an abstract database or full-text database, we can query the collection resources through the network and find the needed information. Because the full-text digitization of works will involve copyright issues and need specific analysis, works that have entered the public domain beyond the copyright protection period can be directly digitized; For works that are still protected, the permission of the copyright owner is required.
3.2.2 Construction of Characteristic Database
(1) Construction of characteristic resources in collections. Each library has its own characteristic resources, which generally have high teaching value and academic research value, and can establish its own characteristic database. For example, the National Library has opened more than 80 million pages of electronic documents to readers all over the country free of charge, mainly copyright-free digital resources, including 25,000 unique epigraphy rubbings, more than 5,000 Xixia books, more than 654.38 million Dunhuang documents, more than 6 million Republic of China periodicals and more than 2,000 local documents with 6,543,800 pages. The digital processing of these characteristic resources by the library enables people to break through the limitation of time and space, enjoy the resource service of the library through the network, and obtain the required knowledge and information more conveniently. The library can not only provide digital literature information resources directly, but also provide systematic knowledge information about a subject or a theme formed by integrating resources, which is more convenient for people to query and use.
(2) Database construction of teachers' scientific research achievements. In addition to teaching, teachers also produce many scientific research results every year. How to digitize these scientific research achievements and establish a database to make them play a greater role is very important. The database of scientific research achievements can greatly facilitate teachers' inquiry and utilization of scientific research achievements, and at the same time, it can also facilitate students to understand teachers' research fields, enhance their understanding of teachers and motivate themselves to study hard. For example, the electronic library of well-known scholars of Nankai University (tentative name, under construction) gives priority to the collection of academic works and periodical papers of experts and scholars with outstanding academic achievements in various disciplines of Nankai University (such as academicians, Changjiang scholars, award-winning scholars, academic leaders, etc.). ) has high academic value, so as to show the academic achievements of Nankai University, improve the academic reputation of Nankai University and promote the development of teaching and scientific research in our school; It is convenient for academic exchanges and knowledge sharing between peers and scholars inside and outside the school and at home and abroad.
(3) The construction of teaching reference resource service system. To do a good job in teaching, it is far from enough to confine ourselves to textbook knowledge, and a large number of reference books are needed. Libraries can integrate teaching reference materials, provide some bibliographic information for teaching reference, and some can also provide electronic full-text reference books for teachers and students to browse, which is convenient for both teachers and students to learn. The library can provide a platform for uploading teaching reference materials, and anyone with good bibliographic information can upload it through this platform. The teaching reference service system of Nankai University, Tsinghua University and other libraries is a good proof.
(4) Database construction of students' graduation thesis. Every year, a large number of students face graduation and need to write graduation thesis. How to understand the writing direction of a certain subject, determine the title of the article, grasp the structure of the paper and grasp the thinking of writing has become a very concerned issue for every graduating student. The library can integrate the graduation thesis of the original graduates and form a graduation thesis database for the reference of the graduating students. According to different levels, it can be divided into undergraduate thesis database and master thesis database. This can provide guidance for students' thesis writing and facilitate their graduation thesis writing. At present, university libraries basically have graduation thesis databases. On the one hand, you can learn about your students' graduation thesis writing, on the other hand, it also provides convenient conditions for students who write graduation thesis.
3.3 Encourage teachers to participate in the construction of digital teaching resources.
Teachers in the front line of teaching have rich teaching practice experience and are the new force in the construction of digital teaching resources. The construction of top-quality courses is inseparable from the participation of teachers, and they should be encouraged to continuously develop top-quality online courses; Teachers should also be encouraged to enjoy high-quality educational resources such as top-quality courses, promote multimedia-assisted teaching in line with educational laws and curriculum characteristics, and continuously improve teaching effects. Teachers should vigorously develop online courseware and put it on the Internet, so that people can enjoy high-quality online education and teaching resources, and then effectively promote the continuous improvement of education and teaching level, and make education informatization step up to a new level.
Therefore, teachers should be given certain rights to provide them with specific cyberspace, so that they can put their excellent courseware, teaching plans and handouts online in time for students to learn. For example, china university teaching Resource Network provides a network platform for teachers. Teachers can not only upload their own excellent courseware and lesson plans, but also download the resources they need. The school website or library homepage can also provide such a network platform for teachers, so that they can put the complete courses online, which is beneficial for students to systematically learn a certain subject knowledge, broaden their horizons, expand their thinking and form a good atmosphere for autonomous learning.
3.4 Encourage professionals to develop digital teaching resources.
At present, some educational resources software products on the market are developed and designed by professionals. Some teaching software development companies specialize in the development of digital teaching resources. These websites cover high-quality teaching resources of various disciplines, greatly enriching the teaching resource database of the school, and are well received by teachers and students of the school. More professionals should be encouraged to devote themselves to the development of digital teaching resources, so that high-quality teaching products can continuously enrich the teaching resource pool.
4. Problems that should be paid attention to in the construction of digital teaching resources
4. 1 resource standardization
Standardization and normalization are the prerequisites for realizing the enjoyment of resources. If there is no unified standard, the digital resources developed by people may not be enjoyed, and the real informatization will not be realized. Therefore, the author thinks that the standard problem of digital teaching resources construction is very critical. However, there is still a phenomenon that people do not follow the unified norms when developing digital teaching resources in their own way, resulting in repeated construction of resources and seriously affecting the enjoyment of information resources. For example, the database occupies a very important position in the composition of library information resources. However, at present, there is a lack of unified norms and standards for the information resources of libraries in various systems in China, which has brought great resistance to the enjoyment of resources and restricted the process of educational informatization to some extent. Therefore, in 2002, the Ministry of Education promulgated the Metadata Specification for Teaching Resources of Basic Education, which provided a unified standard for resource construction [7]. Therefore, the construction of digital teaching resources must follow certain standards in order to realize the real sharing of information resources.
4.2 Intellectual Property Protection
The construction of digital teaching resources will involve many copyright issues. A large number of teaching resources condense the author's intellectual labor achievements, which are original and should be protected by intellectual property rights. Therefore, when digitizing teaching resources, it is necessary to analyze the resources in detail to see whether their works have entered the public domain or are still in the protection period. When digitizing a work that has entered the public domain, do not infringe on the author's personal rights (that is, the copyright owner's right to sign, modify and protect the integrity of the work). When digitizing teaching resources that are still in the protection period, it is necessary to obtain the author's consent and pay the author to avoid infringement.
4.3 Management and maintenance of resources
Digital teaching resources should be managed and maintained frequently to prevent the damage and loss of resources. Among them, the long-term preservation of digital resources has become a topic of increasing concern. With the massive growth of knowledge and the increasingly rich teaching resources, the teaching resource database should be updated in time, so that the resource construction will always be in the forefront of the times and the level of educational informatization will be continuously improved.
In a word, the construction of digital teaching resources is a long-term and complicated systematic project, which should be led by the state, with overall planning and reasonable division of labor, and give full play to the role of library document information center; It is necessary to mobilize teachers' enthusiasm, encourage professionals to carry out research, establish a practical digital teaching resource database, make full use of it and continuously develop it to speed up the pace of educational informatization.
Further reading
First, the introduction of digital teaching resources
Digital teaching resources refer to multimedia learning materials that can be digitally processed, run on multimedia computers or under network environment, and can be enjoyed by * * * *. It has the characteristics of diversity, appreciation, development and instrumentality. Digital teaching resources cover a wide range of contents, including multimedia courseware library, multimedia material library, video resource library, online course, digital library, teacher teaching website group, professional course resource library and so on.
Second, the characteristics of digital teaching resources
1. accessible
Students who use digital teaching resources can obtain high-quality course-related information through various devices and learning platforms, and can transmit, receive, appreciate, organize and store information at will.
2. Diversity of forms
Digital teaching resources express information content in the form of electronic data, and its main media presentation forms are text, image, sound, animation, video and so on, which greatly enriches the expressive force of information content. In addition, its friendly interactive interface and hypertext structure greatly facilitate learners' learning, and the application of virtual simulation is also more helpful for learners to remember and understand knowledge.
3. Enjoy the resources.
The dissemination of resources realized by e-books or online courses is greater than that of ordinary information resources.
4. The interactivity of the platform
Compared with the traditional teaching resources in the past, the biggest advantage of digital teaching resources lies in its interactivity. Whether through online media or CD-ROM, its two-way communication is loved by more and more learners. On the one hand, learners can interact with teachers or students through online communication tools. On the other hand, learners can also seek answers to questions from the database of learning software, and at the same time, they can update the software database themselves.
5. Extensibility of content
The expansibility of digital teaching resources is mainly manifested in the following two aspects: operability and reproducibility.
(1) operability: The digital learning process not only digitizes the course content, but also integrates the digital resources enjoyed by * * into the course teaching process. These digital learning contents can be evaluated, modified and copied, which enables students and teachers to use and recreate it in various advanced digital information processing methods.
(2) Reproducibility: Digitally processed course learning content can stimulate students to actively participate in the learning process. Students no longer passively accept information, but adopt novel and skilled digital processing methods to integrate and recreate knowledge into learners' learning achievements. The renewability of digital learning can not only stimulate students' creativity, but also provide greater possibilities for students' creativity.
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