Planning function. The planning function is to plan and arrange management activities in advance. Characteristics of planning function: ahead of time; Predictability; Evaluation; Selectivity; Adjust. The planning work mainly includes: studying the conditions of activities, making business decisions and making action plans. 1) research activity conditions. A. study internal capabilities; It is mainly to objectively analyze the ownership and utilization ability of various resources within the organization. B. external environment research; It is necessary to analyze the environmental characteristics and changing trend of organizational activities, so as to understand the changing law of the environment and predict the possible state of the environment tomorrow. 2) Making business decision: The so-called business decision is to determine the direction and goal of the organization's activities in a certain period of time in the future based on the study of the activity conditions and the opportunities or threats that may be provided by environmental changes revealed by this study, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the organization in the possession and utilization of resources. 3) Prepare an action plan. The basic characteristics of decision-making: goal (that is, decision-making must have a set goal, Without this goal, decision-making will lose its standard and basis) Optimality (the requirement of decision-making is to seek the optimal goal and achieve it under the set goals and conditions) Selectivity (the important condition of scientific decision-making is to draw up as many feasible schemes as possible to choose from) Basic elements of decision-making function (whether a management decision is correct or not is tested in practice): decision-maker (decision-making) decision-making object (generally refers to having a specific system) information (including both information inside the decision-making object system and information inside the decision-making object system) ) decision-making results (decision-making results should be analyzed and scientifically tested)