The 3000-word graduation thesis of college mental health is "Give full play to the role of mental health education in college students' ideological and political education"
Abstract: components. Understand the correlation between mental health and ideological and political education, give full play to the role of mental health in ideological and political education in the process of talent training, and combine the two, thus enhancing the scientificity and effectiveness of moral education.
Keywords: mental health, the role of ideological and political education
First, the correlation between mental health and ideological and political education
(A) the relationship between ideological and political education and mental health
The task of ideological and political work is to cultivate students' correct ideals and beliefs and noble moral quality, and the task of mental health education is to cultivate students' healthy psychology and good mood, will and character. On the one hand, the two are mutually conditional. Ideological and political education must be based on the law of psychological activities of the educated, and the development and change of ideas are influenced and restricted by psychological factors. Ideological and political education can only be targeted and effective if it starts from the psychology of the educated, otherwise it will fall into a blind situation. At the same time, psychological education is inseparable from ideological and political education. Because people will consciously or unconsciously infiltrate their own ideological and political concepts in the process of psychological education, so as to carry out targeted education. On the other hand, they influence each other. Any kind of political and ideological quality is composed of four psychological components: knowledge, emotion, will and action. The healthy development of psychological components is an important prerequisite for the formation of good ideology and morality. Ideological and political education cannot be completely divorced from the psychological needs of the educated at that time. At the same time, thought is the adjustment center of psychology and the guidance of action. Ideological and political education plays a positive role in promoting people's psychological development. Once a correct outlook on the world, life and politics is formed, it will play a guiding role in a person's whole personality and promote and improve mental health.
(B) the possibility of combining ideological and political education with psychological education
Ideological and political education and psychological education are closely related and both belong to the category of consciousness. Both of them are based on the human brain, with objective reality as the source and practical activities as the bridge and perception. Ideological activity is the advanced form of psychological activity, and psychology is the foundation of thought. The development and change of thinking is influenced and restricted by psychology. The direction of psychological activities is dominated by thoughts. Thought plays a decisive role in psychology, and psychology has a negative effect on thought. The two are interrelated and influence each other.
In real life, ideological problems and psychological problems are intertwined. There are complex psychological factors behind many ideological problems, some of which seem to be ideological and moral problems, but the fundamental reason is psychological obstacles. Therefore, students' psychological factors must not be ignored in ideological and political education. Only by starting from psychology can we grasp the law of the formation, development and change of students' thoughts, so as to carry out effective education and management. Psychological education can guide people's thinking in the right direction, improve people's psychological quality and make people's thinking positive. It can not only improve students' psychological quality, but also promote their all-round development and enhance the effectiveness of ideological and political education. Because of this, some psychological problems can be solved through ideological education, and some ideological problems can also be changed through psychological counseling.
(3) The combination of ideological and political education and psychological education is an inevitable requirement of the times for higher education.
College students in China are generally between 17-22 years old and are in adolescence. This period is a period of rapid changes in people's physiology and psychology, the highest peak of people's personality formation and physical and mental development, and the golden age of people's life with the strongest energy, the strongest thirst for knowledge and the fastest acceptance of new things. Due to the globalization of world economy, multi-polarization of politics, the rapid development of science and technology, the rapid development of information network and the decrease of interpersonal communication, people's psychological burden is aggravated and psychological imbalance is aggravated. However, most college students in contemporary China are only children, and they are a special group with high expectations for society and family. They have high self-orientation and strong desire to become talents, but their social experience is relatively shallow, their psychological development is immature, and they are prone to emotional fluctuations, which will inevitably lead to various psychological problems and need guidance and adjustment urgently. In the process of ideological and political education for college students, it is urgent to carry out psychological counseling and mental health education.
Second, give play to the role of mental health education in ideological and political education of college students.
(A) the main content of mental health education for college students in the new period
The mental health education of college students is rich in content, which runs through the whole process of ideological and political work and permeates all aspects of college students' study and life. Under the background of economic transformation, in the case that most contemporary college students in China are only children, we think we should mainly start from the following aspects:
First, cultivate college students' realistic attitude towards life and correctly handle the contradiction between ideal and realization. College students often have a beautiful vision for life and are full of ambitions for the future. However, when you come into contact with the reality and find that it is not as beautiful as you think, it is easy to make objective and incorrect judgments, which will lead to unhealthy psychology. It is manifested as unwillingness to participate in social activities, lack of enthusiasm and enthusiasm for life, suspicion of others, loneliness and depression, and stubbornness. Therefore, cultivating college students' realistic and scientific attitude towards life has become one of the main contents of college students' mental health education.
Second, cultivate college students' frustration tolerance and enhance their self-confidence. In our country, those who can be admitted to universities are often top students in middle schools. But after entering the university, I found myself very ordinary in my class. Some study hard, but their grades are always at the lower level. This is very uncomfortable for them. After entering the new environment of the university, far away from parents and hometown, the teaching methods and living environment are different from those of middle schools, so some college students have some pathological reactions: they have no confidence in overcoming difficulties, are flustered and insomnia, worry too much, some are silent, some collapse, and some even want to commit suicide. According to the survey, a considerable proportion of students are depressed because of the above reasons. Therefore, improving students' frustration tolerance should be regarded as an important content of mental health education for students, especially freshmen.
Third, cultivate college students' tenacious will and improve their ability to adapt to society. Most contemporary college students are only children, and they are the apple of their eye at home. After they were admitted to the university, they became emperors at home. Some bad family education makes them have unhealthy psychology, such as over-dependence, unbearable stimulation, unbearable setbacks, inability to correctly handle interpersonal relationships, feeling that the sky is falling, weak will, poor endurance, being at a loss when encountering problems, and being prone to frustration. Confucius said:? Third, I am incompetent, the benevolent is not worried, the knowledgeable is not confused, and the brave is not afraid. ? . Confucius society? Brave? As a gentleman? Three ways? One. In the process of mental health education for college students, we should also pay attention to cultivating students? The brave are not afraid? Their indomitable will enables them to continuously enhance their ability to survive and develop in the increasingly fierce social life that they are about to face.
(B) the integration of ideological and political education and mental health education
1. Realize the ideological and emotional exchange between educators and educatees.
Ideological and political education focuses on the overall interests and development of the country, society and nation, helping people to correctly understand the objective laws of world development, establish lofty ideals and improve ideological and political consciousness. Generally, its educational methods are active intervention, collective education and top-down compulsory indoctrination. Educated people often lack the experience of equality and respect and feel ordered and forced to obey. Mental health education focuses on the growth and development of individuals, helps the educated to know themselves and establish correct self-evaluation, so that the educated can learn to deal with the relationship between individuals and themselves, individuals and others, individuals and collectives, individuals and society. Generally, the education model is based on equality and respect between educators and educatees, and individual talks and consultations are adopted to help educatees form good social adaptability and build a healthy psychological world.
At present, ideological and political education in colleges and universities has been integrated into the connotation of mental health education, so it is necessary to integrate the methods of mental health education into ideological and political education. Social psychology research shows that similar roles are more attractive and easier to influence each other. College students are all adults, psychologically and physically mature. What they need is an equal and respectful way of communication. If we use discussion instead of report and conversation instead of discipline in ideological and political education, students will be frustrated. Similar roles? And regard educators as bosom friends and are willing to accept their education.
Therefore, we should change the traditional ideological and political education in the past. Missionary? We should change our perspectives and positions, take into account the perspectives and positions of both educators and educatees, stand from the perspective of students as soon as possible, respect, understand and sympathize with students, and adopt an understanding and tolerant attitude towards students' ideological confusion, confusion, misunderstanding and incorrect views. Respect students' values, respect their right to choose their own values, and reduce their passive obedience to ideological and political education. However, this does not mean unprincipled acceptance and tolerance of students' values. When students' values obviously violate the mainstream social values with universal significance, and when students make value choices that may cause serious losses and injuries to society, others or themselves, educators should intervene in students' values, continue to influence them with Marxist world outlook, outlook on life and values, and make their thoughts develop in the direction required by society. Only in this way can ideological and political education and mental health education be in harmony, the ideological and emotional exchange between educators and educatees can be realized, the persuasiveness and appeal of ideological and political education can be enhanced, and its due role can be played.
2. Realize the combination of solving students' psychological and ideological problems and solving practical problems.
Psychology is the reaction of objective reality, and any normal psychological activity and behavior must be consistent with objective reality in form and content. Sometimes, facing the same objective fact, different subjects may have different psychological reactions, but the following three laws coexist with normal psychological reactions: first, objective stimulus events will lead to subjective psychological reactions; Second, negative stimulus events will lead to negative psychological reactions; Third, a benign stimulus event will lead to a benign psychological reaction. Therefore, psychological problems and ideological problems are closely related to practical problems in essence. Ideological and political education usually starts with people's actual performance, analyzes the ideological motivation that dominates their behavior, and then analyzes the objective external conditions that produce this kind of ideological motivation from the ideological motivation, and then creates and changes the objective external environment to make it have the external conditions that produce good ideological motivation, thus promoting people to form good ideological motivation. Therefore, solving practical problems becomes the basis of solving psychological and ideological problems. For college students, the current practical problems are mainly learning difficulties, employment difficulties, social communication difficulties, poor students' life difficulties and so on. If these problems are not solved well, people will easily have negative emotions such as nervousness, anxiety, inferiority, worthlessness and social fear. If these negative emotions can't be rid of for a long time, they will affect their formed world outlook, outlook on life and values.
Solve these psychological and ideological problems: first, guide the educated to correctly understand the difficulties and problems they face; The second is to combine solving psychological and ideological problems with solving practical problems. When practical problems are solved, the pressure will be relieved, the mood will be stable, the contradictions will be resolved, students will have a positive and optimistic attitude, and their enthusiasm for learning will be enhanced, so as to better serve the society and repay the country. Therefore, in ideological and political education in colleges and universities, we should adhere to the principle of combining solving psychological and ideological problems with solving practical problems: on the one hand, we should educate students to treat difficulties and problems with dialectical materialism and historical materialism, and try our best to treat difficulties encountered in real life with tolerance; On the other hand, educators should try their best to solve the practical problems that students are most concerned about, and really solve psychological and ideological problems in the process of solving practical problems.
In short, mental health education has become an important means to improve the effectiveness of ideological and political education. It is urgent to combine them organically and play their powerful role in ideological and political education.
References:
[1] Tang Shuyi on the Combination of Psychological Education and Ideological and Political Education in Colleges and Universities [J] Education in the Times
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The second part of the 3000-word graduation thesis on college mental health is "the causes and improvement methods of college students' interpersonal communication obstacles"
Abstract: The essence of interpersonal communication is psychological adaptation, and mutual psychological adaptation can produce good interpersonal relationships. Nowadays, the interpersonal communication of contemporary college students has become one of the main problems that plague college students, affecting their normal study, life and communication. In this paper, the definition of interpersonal communication, the factors affecting college students' interpersonal communication barriers and the external factors affecting college students' interpersonal communication barriers are deeply discussed, the causes of interpersonal communication barriers are analyzed, and the solutions are put forward, in order to help college students establish good interpersonal relationships in interpersonal communication.
Keywords: college students; Interpersonal communication; Obstacles; Solutions;
The essence of interpersonal communication is psychological adaptation, and mutual psychological adaptation can produce good interpersonal relationships. Nowadays, interpersonal communication barriers have become a stumbling block to many contemporary college students' study and life. Good interpersonal relationship is formed and developed in communication. Young college students are active in thinking, energetic, and have a wide range of interests, and the demand for interpersonal communication is extremely strong. They try to understand the world through interpersonal communication, gain friendship and meet their material and spiritual needs. In the process of communication, if it goes well, college students will feel comfortable; Once communication is frustrated, the mood will be depressed, the body and mind will be damaged, and all kinds of adverse consequences will occur.
Young college students are in a critical period of growth, and their perceptual and rational understanding of things is gradually mature, initially forming their own unique understanding and opinions. However, the development of self-awareness is not perfect, and they can't cope with all kinds of puzzles and problems encountered in the process of growth. Some negative factors in interpersonal communication hinder the establishment of good interpersonal relationship, and then affect the smooth completion of their studies.
First, the causes of interpersonal barriers among college students
(A) communication barriers caused by cognition
With the growth of age and knowledge, college students gradually enrich their experience, like to act according to their own wishes, and are tired of preaching. They are eager to become talents and have strong self-esteem. However, we can't evaluate ourselves and society correctly and objectively, and our self-regulation ability is also lacking. Therefore, they are full of idealistic pursuit of future life, lack of scientific social cognition, and are easy to deviate from the actual level, resulting in subjective deviations or obstacles, mainly as follows:
(1) First impression effect: refers to the impression of meeting someone for the first time, which is intuitively regarded as an evaluation of others and plays a leading role in future communication, thus determining the relationship and intimacy with others.
(2) Halo effect: refers to the phenomenon that people's cognitive judgments about others are first based on personal likes and dislikes, and then other qualities of cognitive objects are inferred according to this judgment.
(3) Stereotype: refers to a relatively fixed and rigid view of a certain type of person or group. In the process of role cognition, habitual and characteristic evaluations are given according to expected types. This practice of replacing individuality with individuality and universality with particularity will hinder normal communication. This requires college students to abandon traditional ideas and examine specific people and things in combination with modern social conditions and actual conditions to avoid misunderstanding.
(4) Projection effect: refers to a cognitive obstacle that projects one's emotions and will on others and imposes them on others. Assume that others will have the same feelings and qualities as themselves. Push others yourself? 、? How can I help others with my own heart? , often bring each other's rejection and disgust.
(B) communication barriers caused by social factors
Social factors mainly refer to the influence of family, social environment and school on college students' interpersonal communication. Whether it is school education or family education, it should be a comprehensive education. However, China's education system focuses on exam-oriented education and lacks quality education. At the same time, family education is also guided by this, which affects the cultivation of students' interpersonal communication ability. First of all, at the school level, the ubiquitous exam-oriented education in primary and secondary schools inhibits the enhancement of students' interpersonal skills. Schools often pay attention to the cultivation of intellectual factors in education, ignoring the cultivation of students' non-intellectual factors such as emotion, will and personality; Pay attention to ideological and political education, not psychological communication and guidance. Secondly, college education generally attaches importance to the study of professional knowledge and skills, ignoring mental health education, and interpersonal communication education is an important part of mental health education. The lack of theoretical knowledge has seriously hindered the development of college students' mental health and communicative competence.
(C) narrow communication, lack of experience and conversation skills
First, the university exchanges are centered on the dormitory. Most of them live in the small circle of communication in the dormitory, satisfied with this situation, and unwilling to take the initiative to accept and explore the wonderful life in the outside world. The narrow communication has alienated many college students from other students who are not in the dormitory, and the communication surface is getting narrower and narrower. Second, some college students lack conversation skills, are not good at refusing other people's requests, and can't say anything. No? , leading to things can not be solved well; The thoughtless speech caused some unnecessary misunderstandings. Third, the current interpersonal communication education for college students is often theoretical education, lacking a practical platform. It is difficult for colleges and universities to provide students with more practical opportunities because they don't pay attention to the interpersonal practice of contemporary college students, because the venue is limited, or because they don't have much contact with some enterprises and institutions in society.
Communication barriers caused by excessive dependence on the internet
With the popularization and development of the Internet, college students have become one of the most frequent users of the Internet. With the intervention of the Internet, a series of changes have taken place in the interpersonal relationship of college students. After the popularity of the Internet, many college students are too addicted to network communication, and their time to participate in real interpersonal communication will gradually decrease, leading them to be interested in all kinds of? Internet affairs? , but alienated in the intimate relationship. Especially the care of the family, has become their bondage and burden. Many college students would rather surf the Internet day and night in Internet cafes than go home to visit their parents. Others have nothing to say to their parents except their living expenses. Affection is the most basic emotional connection and interpersonal relationship. What it needs is maintenance in real life. The involvement of the internet may lead to the alienation of family ties. Some college students who are addicted to online communication, because they ignore real communication and lack the motivation for real communication, have not been properly trained and cultivated in their courage and ability in real interpersonal communication, and often hand over all their worries to netizens.
(e) Changes in mainstream social values
The rapid development of economy, science and technology and the great enrichment of material and cultural life have greatly reduced the needs and help of social individuals to others, and this change in life attitude has also affected the interpersonal communication concept of college students. From the perspective of people's values, the old one? Value righteousness over profit? The traditional concept of "new york" is still advocated by China society, but the fierce competition under the market economy system intensifies the difficulty of dealing with interpersonal relationships. To a certain extent, this has caused the alienation of interpersonal relationships and the indifference of human feelings. The interpersonal communication of college students is also influenced by social atmosphere, which is popular in today's society? Money first? 、? Everything depends on relationships? Bad social atmosphere also affects college students' view of communication. These are not conducive to the normal interpersonal communication of college students.
Second, cross interpersonal barriers and learn to communicate with people correctly.
College students should consciously learn interpersonal skills at the beginning of college, exercise themselves in all directions, overcome psychological problems in all aspects, constantly improve their interpersonal skills, form good interpersonal relationships, and live a happy campus life, which is more conducive to their future life and work success.
(1) Master the basic principles of interpersonal communication.
The correct principles of communication include the following four aspects: First, the principle of equality. Treating people equally is the premise of harmonious communication with others. When dealing with people, we should treat them equally, and avoid being too poor and loving the rich, and treat them differently because of family, status, experience, expertise, ability and other reasons. Treating others equally means caring for others and learning to put yourself in others' shoes. Only by treating others equally can others treat themselves equally. The second is the principle of good faith. Honesty has always been regarded as the basic principle of interpersonal communication. Honesty requires that in communication, we should hold sincere motives and attitudes, understand, accept and trust each other, value credit and keep promises. The third is the principle of tolerance. Tolerance means being broad-minded, generous and tolerant, and not haggling over unprincipled issues. Tolerance is of great significance for coordinating the relationship between individuals and others, helping to expand the communication space and eliminate interpersonal tensions and contradictions. The fourth is the principle of mutual assistance. In interpersonal communication, caring and helping each other is of great significance to enhancing mutual understanding and deepening mutual feelings.
(2) learn communication skills
College students constantly adjust and change their improper ideas and form a positive and accurate understanding of interpersonal communication. To this end, in interpersonal communication, we should do as much as possible:
1. Pay attention to appearance, manners, speech, manners, temperament and behavior norms, and give the other party a good first impression. First impression plays a very important role in interpersonal communication, which has cognitive effect, immediate effect and long-term effect, and is often formed according to the other person's appearance, manners, speech, manner and temperament. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen self-cultivation and appear in front of the communication object with a good mental outlook.
2. Put the other person first. Pay attention to each other's needs, interests and feelings. The topics and forms of communication should be suitable for each other's knowledge and experience and meet each other's psychological needs and interests. Learn to listen. Listening carefully and patiently can make the other person feel recognized and valuable. This is a magic weapon in interpersonal communication. Meanwhile, the conversation should be constructive and effective. College students are highly motivated, and it will be very gratifying to get some gains and inspiration from the conversation.
3. Pay attention to the artistry of language. Pay attention to the artistry of language and express your thoughts and feelings in clear, accurate, concise and vivid language; The content of the conversation is not boring and can attract each other; Respect other people's opinions and avoid comments and arguments; Even if you criticize others, you should raise it after affirming it, without hurting others' self-esteem.
4. Keep a proper distance. The physiological and psychological characteristics of human beings determine that there is an invisible distance between people, and this distance is limited by its due limits. Too close or too far will lead to disharmony in interpersonal relationships. What is the so-called? Distance makes beauty? .
(3) full practice, improve interpersonal skills
College students have learned methods and skills in class, but they also need a lot of practical activities. If you don't practice, then all this is? Theoretically? . From the first day of school, college students should often associate with others, exercise their ability to make others speak, and find topics of common interest. Also, be careful not to expect too much from the people you associate with, and don't expect everyone to be your intimate friends, so as not to cause psychological losses. Always put yourself in each other's shoes and understand each other's psychological feelings, and you will understand other people's feelings and behaviors, thus improving your attitude towards others.
To sum up, I think that overcoming the obstacles of college students' interpersonal communication should start with cultivating their self-awareness. School, family, society and other factors have indeed exerted an indelible influence on college students' interpersonal communication, but these influences have already occurred and cannot be changed. College students only seek to change interpersonal barriers through their own study and practice. According to a survey conducted by Beijing Youth Development Foundation, in colleges and universities in Beijing, students whose monthly living expenses are below 200 yuan can be regarded as poor students, while those whose monthly living expenses are below 100 yuan are poor students. By this standard, I am not a poor college student, but my family is really poor. According to the analysis of nearly 20 documents I have read, I have slight interpersonal barriers and some problems mentioned in the article. First of all, I expect too much from interpersonal communication. I look forward to communicating with my close friends, and we are like-minded. This is a bit idealistic, which is not conducive to my interpersonal communication. So I want to correct this idea. Secondly, my life is mainly centered on the dormitory, which is a small communication circle. This has caused my contacts to be very narrow. The solution is that I should take part in more group activities, communicate with people outside the dormitory and broaden my communication. Third, I lack interpersonal skills. In order to study and live better, I must read more books on social etiquette and interpersonal communication, communicate with experienced people, and strive to overcome interpersonal communication barriers.
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