There are less than 20 poems by Cao Cao, all of which are Yuefu poems. The content can be roughly divided into three categories. One is related to current affairs, the other is mainly to express ideals, and the other is poetry about immortals. For more than 30 years, Mao Yujun never gave up his books. The book talks about the art of war and thinks about classics at night. Climbing to the top must be given, and the strings of new poems make a movement. (Shu Wei) Although Shang Yahao was in the army, he couldn't put it down. Every time I decide to save, I calmly say: people who are less eager to learn will think professionally, and after a long time, they will forget; When I grow up, I can be a diligent scholar, just me and Yuan Boye. ("Canon on self-narration", Yuan Boye left his name and Yuan Shao was his brother. ) Cao Gong's old road is straight, and there is a sad saying. (Zhong Rong's Poems)
His works related to current affairs include Lu Luxing, Good Li Xing, Bitter Cold Travel, Walking Out of Xiamen, etc. Two songs, Autumn Journey and Good, were written in the early years of Jian 'an. The foregoing reflects that He Jinmou murdered eunuchs, and Dong Zhuo went to Luoyang for insurrection. The second article is about the states and counties in Kanto, each with its own ambitions, fighting with each other, and keeping pace with each other in content. Poetry describes this historical process in concise language, so it is called "A Record of the Late Han Dynasty, an authentic work of poetry history" (Zhong Xing's Ancient Poems Return). What is particularly commendable is that in the poem "A Journey to Luxury", he wrote the profound sufferings of the broad masses of the people in the war in a sympathetic tone: "When a cockroach is born, everyone dies, and the bones are exposed in the wild, and there are no crows in a thousand miles. There are hundreds of people left behind, which makes people feel sad. " A Journey to Bitter Cold was written in the 11th year of Jian 'an. The poem describes the coldness, desolation and precipitousness of Taihang Mountain in winter, with vivid images, and also writes the poet's inner complex feelings. "Out of Xiamen" was written in the twelfth year of Jian 'an, and the five rings levied three counties. This poem includes "Yan" (prelude) and four explanations. Yan concentrated on the poet's complex mood when he went to war. Explain "Watching the Sea" and write the impressions when marching through Jieshi; Second, explain Winter in October and Cold in the River, and write about what you saw and heard on your way home. Fourth, explain "although the tortoise lives long" and write about the ideological activities after winning this important battle. Among them, "Looking at the Sea" describes the seascape, "The autumn wind is bleak, the waves are rough, and the trip between the sun and the moon is unexpected; If the stars are brilliant, unexpected and magnificent, it embodies the poet's broad mind of embracing the universe and devouring the sun and the moon. "Although a turtle lives for a long time" expresses the poet's view on life and career with a series of vivid metaphors: "An old man riding on a horse, aiming at a thousand miles, a martyr died with great courage". This is the true confession of the poet's active and enterprising spirit all his life.
The poems that mainly express ideals are Du Guan Shan, Duijiu, and Short Song. The political ideals of the first two poets. His vision of peace and prosperity is the politics of virtuous monarch and good minister, which combines Confucianism and law with kindness and prestige. This is undoubtedly of progressive significance under the realistic background of social destruction in the late Han Dynasty. The theme of "Short Song" is to be thirsty for talents. With poems such as "the mountain is not too high, the water is not too deep, the duke of Zhou vomits and feeds, and the world returns to its heart", it expresses the mood of seeking talents and recruiting talents to achieve its great cause.
You Xian's poems include Exhale and Autumn Hu Xing. Cao Cao didn't believe in the alchemist's theory of immortality, so he wrote these poems as something else, so he can't be equated with Qin Huang and Wu Han's quest for immortality.
In artistic style, Cao Cao's poems are unpretentious and unpretentious. They won with deep affection and charm. Poetically, it is characterized by generosity and sadness. Generosity and sadness, originally the keynote of Jian 'an literature, are the most typical and prominent in Cao Cao's poems. In terms of poetic genre, Cao Cao's Yuefu poems did not copy the rules of Han Yuefu, but developed. For example, Lu Luxing and Good Li Xing are both elegies in the Han Yuefu, but he used old topics to express brand-new contents. Cao Cao initiated the tradition of writing current affairs with Yuefu, which had far-reaching influence. A large number of Yuefu poems created by Jian 'an writers and many poets from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty can be said to be the inheritance and development of this tradition.
Cao Cao's prose is mostly applied words, which can be roughly divided into three categories: table, preface and book. Representative works include Please Increase the Feudal List of Guo Jia, Make the County Self-evident, Letters with Wang, Old Monument of Taiweiqiao, etc. These characters are characterized by simplicity, simplicity, frankness and fluency, and write the unique voice of Cao Cao. For example, "Let the princess know her will" tells the story of her struggle for most of her life, analyzes the situation at that time, and dissects her own mind. His words of "seeking defeat alone, I don't know how many people are emperors and how many people are kings" are extremely frank and courageous. From the Eastern Han Dynasty, prose appeared the trend of parallel prose, and gradually appeared at the end of Han Dynasty. Ordinary prose writers began to emphasize duality and use allusions. But Cao Cao was unique at that time with his simple, practical and practical style. Lu Xun once praised Cao Cao as "the founder of the reform article" ("Wei and Jin demeanor and the relationship between articles and medicine and wine").
Cao Cao's achievements in literature are also reflected in his constructive role in Jian 'an literature (see Seven Children of Jian 'an). Jian 'an literature can flourish under the background of long-term war and social fragmentation, which is inseparable from his attention and promotion. When discussing the reasons for the prosperity of Jian 'an literature, Liu Xie once pointed out that "respecting the monarch and loving poetry and elegance" (the literary mind carves dragons). In fact, the main writers in Jian 'an period were closely related to him. Cao Pi and Cao Zhi are his sons, and the "seven sons" and Cai Yan are also sheltered by him. It can be said that "Ye Group" was formed on the basis of the material conditions he provided; And their creation is also under the influence of his advocacy.
According to the textual research of Yao Zhenzong's Records of the Three Kingdoms of Qing Dynasty, Cao Cao's works include 30 volumes of Wei Wudi Collection, Sun Tzu's Art of War 1 Volume, 13 Volume and so on. There are more than ten kinds of works, but most of them have been lost, and the only one that exists is Sun Tzu's Note. 145 poems collected by Zhang Yan in Ming Dynasty were included in Wei Wudi Collection and 103 in Records of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. Ding's Collection of Celebrities in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties also includes Wei Wudi's Collection, which has slightly more works than Zhang Pu's Collection. 1959, according to Ding Ben, Zhonghua Book Company added Annotation to Sun Tzu, and attached the Ji of Emperor Wu and Chronology of Cao Cao. , and reprinted as "Cao Cao Ji".
[Edit this paragraph] Cao Cao's famous sentence
Short lines (two songs)
one
Calling for Song one after another, how many days do we have?
For example, morning dew is much more difficult to go to Japan. (I said there were not many days left)
Be generous, and your troubles will be unforgettable. (once said, meditation is unforgettable)
How to solve your worries? Only Du Kang.
Qingqing is your collar, YY is my miss.
But for your sake, Shen Yin has come a long way.
A herd of deer, yo, ate mugwort in Ye Yuan.
I have a group of good guests, playing the piano and playing the piano.
As clear as the bright moon, when can I forget it? (Say when you can stop)
The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off.
The weirder, the more useless.
Talk about it, and remember the past.
There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south.
Turn around the tree three times, what branches can you rely on? (No branch to follow)
The mountain is never too high, and the sea is never too deep. It has been said that water is never too deep.
The duke of Zhou vomited, and the world returned to the heart!
Secondly,
Zhou Xibochang, Huai Dede.
There are three points in the world and two points.
Cultivate contributions, and the Minister's Day is not long.
The worship of Hou Wei is based on detention.
After seeing the original forgiveness, he gave me an axe and a shovel, and I want to conquer.
As Zhong Ni said, to achieve virtue,
Let's serve Yin and talk about its beauty.
Qi Huan's contribution is the first of the tyrants.
Nine princes, one conquers the world.
Conquer the world, not with personnel carriers.
Without criticism, its virtue is to say.
Confucius sighed and said that the people benefited from it.
If you give it to the temple, you will die.
Xiaobai dare not, Tianwei is close at hand.
Jin Wen is also a tyrant, bowing to the king of heaven.
Someone gave me a bow,
Lu Gongya has 1,000 men and 300 warriors.
Conquering princes is respected by teachers.
The quartet heard of it and named it Ya Qi Huan.
The meeting of Heyang, pretending to be Zhou Wang, is famous.
Note: the word "banquet" may be the same as the word "banquet", and the words used in different versions are different.
See the boundless ocean
On the east coast, climb Jieshi Mountain to see the vast sea.
The sea is so vast that the islands stand high on the sea.
Trees and paraquat are very lush. Autumn wind makes trees make sad sounds, and the sea is surging.
The movement of the sun and the moon seems to come from the vast ocean.
A trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected;
Han is a talented star, if you take him by surprise.
I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire.
(Written in the autumn of the twelfth year of Jian 'an)
Stepping out of the summer gate, the turtle lives long.
Although the tortoise has a long life, it still has its time.
The snake rides the fog and eventually turns to dust.
The old horse crouches, aiming at thousands of miles;
The martyrs were full of courage in their later years.
The surplus and contraction period is not only in the sky;
Blessings that nourish grace can last forever.
Fortunately, even! Sing with ambition.
Catch a cold
The northern army boarded the Taihang Mountain. How difficult it is to climb this high mountain!
Sakamoto Road is a bumpy road with bumpy wheels.
The trees are bleak and the north wind is sad!
When the bear was on the sidewalk, tigers and leopards stood on both sides of the street howling.
The valley is desolate, sparsely populated and covered with heavy snow.
Looking up, the long voice sighed, and the long journey was continuous.
Why is my heart depressed? I want to go back to the East.
The bridge is too deep to enter, and the army is on the road.
Lost in marching, there is no place to stay at night.
Walking, walking, a long day, the tired horse is hungry and hungry.
He walked along the side of the wolves, chopping wood and cutting ice to fill his stomach.
Sadly, the poem Dongshan makes me sad.
Qiuluhang
However, in the twenty-two years of the Han dynasty, it was not good.
Wash the monkey and wear the crown, know the small and seek the edge.
Hesitant, afraid to break through, because the inaugural king.
Bai Hong is also the first to bear the brunt of Japan's infiltration.
Thieves and ministers hold the national handle to kill the Lord and destroy Yujing.
Swing through the emperor's inheritance, the ancestral temple was burned.
Spread all over the west and cry.
Looking at Belo City, I am very sad.
Haolixing
The soldiers of the Kwantung Army rose up against the cruel people.
On the first day of the first date, General Ding Meng went to attack Dong Zhuo in Chang 'an.
Dong Zhuo's army came together, each with its own plans, looked at each other and refused to stand out.
These two sentences led to the battle of various armies, and then the armies of various armies killed each other.
Yuan Shao's cousin Yuan Shu proclaimed himself emperor in Huainan, and the emperor Yuan Shaomou carved the emperor in the north.
Because of the war, soldiers have long been unable to take off their battle clothes, their armor is covered with lice, and many people have died because of years of war.
The bones were bare in the field, and there was no one among them, and there was no crowing.
It is extremely sad to think that only one person in a hundred people is alive.
Duguanshan
Between heaven and earth, people are precious.
It is the right way to set up monarch and shepherd talents.
Trajectory, latitude and longitude quadrupole.
I am quiet, cheerful and full of interest.
Mr. Yu Shuo, President of Bangyu.
Five feudal lords, minefield prison.
There is a burnt Dan book, but there is no universal forgiveness.
Just wait, what's the dereliction of duty?
Well, later generations, the system is easy to change.
Labor is king, and service gives him strength.
Shun lacquer ware and food containers, ten countries from the side,
Not as good as Tang Yao.
The world sighs and sighs, and wants to be vulgar.
Abandoning evil is great, and frugality is virtue.
Xu You was allowed to make concessions. Is there a lawsuit?
Always in love with Shang Tong, those sparse people will be happy.
Let the county know its own story.
I am young. I am a young man. I am afraid that I will be regarded as a fool by people in the sea. I wanted to be a county magistrate and do a good job in politics and religion, so as to establish a reputation and let the world know. Therefore, in Jinan, we began to go to the dregs and decontaminate, and we held elections with peace of mind, which violated all the regular waiters. I thought it was because I was angry with powerful people and was afraid of causing family disaster, so I retired.
After he became an official, he was still young and middle-aged. He is fifty years old, and he is not old. From the heart, it has been 20 years now, when the world is clear, just like the person who started at the same age. So, I returned to my hometown at four o'clock, and built an exquisite house 50 miles east of Qiaocheng. I wanted to study in autumn and winter, hunt in winter and spring, and find a place under the mountain. I wanted to drown myself in the mud, so that guests could not come and go. But you can't get what you want.
Later, he was recruited as a captain and transferred to the imperial army. So he wants to make contributions to the traitor, and he wants to make Hou a general of the West. Then he wrote a tomb and said, "The tomb of Cao Hou, the general of the West, was recruited because of the Han Dynasty." This is also his ambition. And because of Dong Zhuo's difficulties, it is worthwhile to raise troops. It is time to combine soldiers to get more ears, but they often lose themselves and don't want more; Therefore, if there are more soldiers, it will be even worse to compete with strong enemies. So I fought thousands of battles in Bianshui, and then I went to Yangzhou to raise more money, but I couldn't recover more than 3,000 people, which was limited.
After leading Yanzhou, 300 thousand people broke the yellow turban insurrectionary. Yuan Shu also arrogantly called Jiujiang, and all the people obeyed. The aristocratic family said that the city gate was built and the clothes and quilts were made by the emperor, so two women competed for the title of queen. The ambition has been set, and people advised the arts to make it a throne, enlightening the world [,answering "Cao Gong is still here, but not yet". After begging for birds alone, the four generals gained a lot, so they died. When Yuan Shao occupied Hebei Province, he was powerful, isolated and really defeated. But the plan is to die for the country, to destroy the body with righteousness, and to respect it in the future. Fortunately Shao is Xiao's second son. Liu Biao thinks he is an imperial clan and is full of treachery, but at first glance, if he is a country, he will be alone in the world. As a prime minister, people and ministers are extremely expensive, and expectations have passed.
Today, if you talk about this alone, if you are arrogant and want others to say everything, you are not afraid. Leave the country alone. I don't know how many people will be king and how many people will be king! Or people are lonely and strong, but they don't believe in fate. They are afraid of selfish comments. They are arrogant and considerate of each other. Qi Huan and Jin Wen are so famous today that they can still serve Zhou Shi because they have great military potential. The Analects of Confucius says, "There are two things in the world. Serving Yin, Zhou Zhide can be described as the ultimate virtue. " Husbands can make big things small. Yesterday, I went to see Zhao, who wanted to be with him. Le Yi fell to the ground and wept, saying to him, "I am the king, but I am still the king;" If I commit a crime, I will be put in another country, and then I will die. I can't bear to find Zhao's apprentice, but Kuang is the heir! " When Hu Hai killed Meng Tian, he said: "I have accumulated my trust in Qin Sanshi since my grandparents; Today I will send more than 300 thousand troops, which is enough to betray. But those who know death and keep righteousness dare not humiliate their ancestors and forget their teachings. " Every time I read this kind of duet book, I feel sad and cry. Orphan ancestors, fathers, and even lonely people are all important responsibilities. They can be described as believers, and the Huan Zi brothers are too old for three generations.
Lonely non-disciples say this to you, often using wives and concubines, all to let you know this. Lonely words: "Take care of me for ten thousand years, and you and Cao should get married to spread my heart and make people know." Loneliness is important for the liver. Therefore, it goes without saying that people who are diligent in telling their confidants see that Duke Zhou has a book with a "golden belly", for fear that others will not believe it. But if you want to be immune, you can donate all the soldiers to pay back the deacons and return to Wuping Houguo. who is it? I'm afraid of leaving the army and getting hurt by others. For the sake of future generations, if we lose, the country will be in danger. This is a real disaster because you can't admire the name. This is not allowed. The previous three sons were named Hou by Chao En, but they refused. Today, they should accept it, stop being proud, think of foreign aid and plan for Wan 'an.
Lonely smell of referral to avoid Jinfeng, Xu Shen fled Chu reward, not without giving up the book and sighing, but also introspection. In order to serve the prestige of the country, we fight against it, winning the strong with the weak, and the small birds on the ground are big. Your will, you don't violate anything, what you think, what you don't do, you destroy the world and don't disgrace the Lord's life. It can be said that God helped the Han Dynasty, not manpower. However, it is sealed in four counties and has 30,000 eaters. What a pity! The rivers and lakes are not quiet and do not give in; As for the city soil, you can quit. Today, there are still 20,000 households in Yang Xia, Zhegu and Ku counties, but they have eaten all the households in Wuping and slandered them on the grounds of sharing losses and alleviating loneliness.
[Edit this paragraph] Cao Cao praised the poem
Yezhongge
Ye, Ye Cheng, when you get water, there will be different people from now on.
Xiongmou affair and literary mind, brother and father.
Heroes have no vulgar mind, so do they follow people's eyes?
The culprit is not two people, but the legacy is the legacy.
The article is powerful and energetic, how can it become a group?
The cross-flow platform is too far away, and the gas and physical potential are low.
Anyou people don't do evil, small ones don't bully big ones.
The overlord became a son and daughter, but there was nothing he could do.
Knowing that reconciliation is useless, sharing incense is not merciful.
Oh!
Everything the ancients did was meticulous, lonely and luxurious.
Scholars talk lightly about the people in the tomb, and the people in the tomb laugh bookish!
Two-color moon
Aruvi
Ask who is the hero in the world, who is drinking and who is crossing Tsao Gong.
Purple covers the yellow flag, which should be borrowed, and the east wind in Chibi.
Even more shocked by Wolong in Nanyang, he became famous in the Eight Arrays.
Three points tripod, one point west Shu, one point east.
[Edit this paragraph] Historical review
History books comment on Cao Cao: "The wise are the best" and "the traitor who leveled the world and was a hero in troubled times" (The Biography of Xu Shaochuan in the Later Han Dynasty, Pei Songzhi quoted Sun Sheng as saying that "the traitor who ruled the world was a traitor in troubled times"). The famous Let the Princess Know Yourself was written in the 15th year of Jian 'an (2 10). Cao Cao said emotionally, "Let there be no orphans in the world. I wonder how many people will be kings."
In the long historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there is an obvious way to belittle Cao from the perspective of ordinary people. However, because the History of the Three Kingdoms was written in the Jin Dynasty, in order to show the orthodoxy of the Jin Dynasty, the History of the Three Kingdoms gave him the highest evaluation among the three monarchs of Wei, Shu and Wu. Chen Shou commented on Cao Cao: "At the end of the Han Dynasty, there was chaos in the world, and the heroes rose together. Yuan Shao looked at the four States and was strong. Mao strategized, castigated the magic of Shen and Shang, used the unique tactics of Han and Bai, and granted official materials, each for his own devices, melodramatic, and forgot the old evils. In the end, he was able to conquer the imperial court machine and become a flood maker, but it was only slightly better. I can be described as an extraordinary person and a peerless hero. " Cao Cao is a talented person with flexible tactics and tactics in the military. He made great contributions to the unification of northern China, the recovery of economic production and the maintenance of social order at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In terms of internal affairs, Cao Cao established a system of reclaiming farmland and ordered soldiers who didn't need to fight to go to the fields to farm, thus alleviating the food problem during the war in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.