I. Background
Population aging is the most prominent social phenomenon in 2 1 century. At present, there are 654.38+0.3 billion elderly people over 60 years old in China, and it is estimated that it will reach about 400 million by the middle of 2654.38+0 century. This shows that the problem of aging has become a major event in the world and should be paid universal attention to. With the rapid development of global aging, the improvement of the lifestyle and quality of life of the elderly has become the focus of the development of the elderly in cities, and it is increasingly necessary to understand the living conditions and ideological conditions of the elderly at all levels.
Second, the reason for choosing the topic
The elderly are a vulnerable group in society, especially in the process of aging today. In order to provide more services for the elderly, it is necessary for us to know their living conditions. We are students majoring in social work. Participating in social practice and getting to know the old people will help to consolidate our professional knowledge and enhance our ability to communicate with others. The life of the elderly is an important part of the whole social life. We can get to know the social situation by knowing the elderly, further enrich our social knowledge and accumulate some experience for becoming a qualified social worker in the future.
Third, the significance of the study
Through investigation, we can understand the living needs of the elderly, and then take some effective measures to create conditions for them to spend a happy old age and provide a basis for the development of China's aging cause. Through the study of the relationship between the elderly and the young, we can find the differences in thinking and lifestyle between the two generations, which can better strengthen the communication between the two people and make the relationship harmonious. At the same time, we can further carry forward the social fashion of respecting the elderly and loving the young, establish a cultural environment with respecting and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the elderly as the spiritual driving force, and strengthen the construction of conceptual culture.
Section II Research Methods
I. Research object (sample situation)
Elderly people over 60 years old in Zhengzhou community;
Age and gender composition:
age
(years old)
man
woman
total
number of people
%
number of people
%
number of people
%
60-65
40
4 1.7
25
50.0
65
44.5
66-70
36
37.5
15
30.0
5 1
34.9
7 1-75
15
15.6
six
12.0
2 1
14.4
Over 76
five
5.2
four
8.0
19
6.2
total
96
100.0
50
100.0
146
100.0
As can be seen from the table and histogram:
(1) In this survey, there are more men than women, and the ratio of men to women is 1.92: 1.
(2) The survival rate of the elderly over 60 years old in all age groups decreases with age.
Marital status: most of them are married, but a few of them have lost their spouses, some of them have lost their wives or husbands for decades.
Political outlook: Many people are independent, but party member is also a part of them.
Education level: some of them, but most of them are primary and junior high school education level. There are many primary schools in Beijing.
Second, the data collection method (sampling method)
(a), the use of our * * * group with the design of the "Zhengzhou community elderly living conditions questionnaire". The contents include basic information, lifestyle, way of providing for the aged, relationship with children, life satisfaction, living standard, social insurance, etc. A total of 60 questionnaires/kloc-0 were distributed and 46 valid questionnaires/kloc-0 were recovered.
(2) Learn more from a broader perspective through interviews, so as to collect information beyond the questionnaire.
(3) This survey mainly adopts random sampling in non-probability sampling, that is, random surveys and interviews with the elderly we met in various communities and parks.
Third, data analysis methods
(1) Collect all the questionnaires, classify the related topics, and then use excel.
Do a statistical analysis and make a chart.
(2) Sort out the information obtained in the interview, and analyze the living conditions of the elderly reflected in the information, as well as many social facts obtained through these.
Section III Results and Analysis
First, the main source of living expenses:
78. 1% depends on pension, 13.7% depends on children.
2. 1% depends on endowment insurance, 1.4% depends on deposit.
Others accounted for 4.8%
Through data and charts, it can be analyzed that the living expenses of the middle-aged and elderly people in the community are mainly pensions, and some of them are provided by their children, while the proportion of endowment insurance and deposits is relatively small, which shows that China's social security system is still not perfect and needs to be further improved. At the same time, we also need to provide many employment opportunities for the elderly, so that they will not feel idle after retirement and think that they are old and useless. This can also enrich your spare time and reduce the chance of physical discomfort after retirement. Providing employment opportunities can also reduce the burden on the state and enterprises and promote economic development.
Second, what kind of pension do you want?
Family pension accounts for 56.2% and social pension accounts for 34.2%.
Others accounted for 9.6%
The data and graphics are as follows:
Family pension is much more important than social pension, which shows that Zhengzhou still gives priority to family pension. However, social pension also occupies a certain proportion, which shows that social pension in China has achieved certain development to a great extent. From family support to social support, it is a long process, and it needs to experience the abandonment and desalination of feelings between young adults and the elderly, because China belongs to the traditional society, and in the long-term feudal society, family support has an absolute advantage. However, from the development trend, with the change of family structure and the weakening of family functions, the proportion of social pension will gradually increase. In today's aging population, we should develop more other ways of providing for the aged.
Third, the learning view of the elderly.
3.4% think that you should not study, and 7 1.2% think that it is never too late to study.
25.3% think they can learn a little at ordinary times.
Through data and pie charts, we can analyze:
Most elderly people agree that "it is never too old to learn". Some people think that they can learn a little at ordinary times, and only a few people think that they should not learn.
This shows that most elderly people have the awareness and desire to learn, and they all want to communicate with the outside world and get to know the outside world, and they don't want to feel that they are old and useless. It can be seen that most elderly people will not become negative because they are no longer young, because they will not ask the truth when they retire and exclude themselves from society.
This can also be seen from the interview. Many old people read newspapers and magazines and listen to the news in their spare time to learn about some important events in society. However, many elderly people also reported that the community did not provide opportunities for concentrated learning. I think the community should give full play to this function and concentrate on training the knowledge and skills of the elderly.
However, there are also a few elderly people who disapprove of learning. I think it's probably because of the influence of traditional ideas or the lack of time and opportunity.
Fourth, the views on the remarriage of the elderly.
5.5% strongly agree and 66.4% agree.
It doesn't matter, accounting for 22.6% and disapproving for 4.8%.
7% people strongly oppose it.
Data analysis:
As can be seen from the picture, the vast majority of the elderly are in favor of remarriage, and only a few people express indifference or opposition. However, in reality, there are many lonely old people who have not remarried, mainly because of the pressure from the secular and children, because most children are unwilling to increase their burden or damage their property.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) attitude towards new things
16.9% is open and 56.8% is acceptable.
30. 1% did not accept it, and 3.4% opposed it.
The proportion of openness and acceptance of new things is relatively large, and the proportion of unacceptable is relatively small, but it also accounts for a large part. It shows that under the development trend of modern society, the elderly can accept new things for various reasons, while some elderly people can't accept or oppose them because of ideas, the nature of new things and the perspective of the elderly. Some elderly people are disgusted with the internet because their children play games and delay their studies, while more elderly people think that the internet is a double-edged sword, which has advantages and disadvantages and can look at the problem objectively and comprehensively. Generally speaking, people who usually like to get in touch with the outside world and learn are easy to accept things from the outside world; And those old people who don't ask the truth are also prone to dislike new things.
Six, when the rights and interests are damaged, are you willing to use the law to protect rights?
8.2% are willing and 56.8% are willing.
It doesn't matter, accounting for 30.8%
As can be seen from the icon:
A large proportion of people are willing to defend their rights, but some elderly people feel that it doesn't matter. This shows that most elderly people have a certain understanding of the law and are willing to use the law to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.
In the interview, I learned that many elderly people have a positive attitude towards safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests, saying that they want to return fake goods. There are also many people who say that most of their things, especially big items, are bought by children. Don't worry about this, so I don't care.
However, in the survey and interview, no one expressed opposition to safeguarding rights. I believe that everyone is willing to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests and do not want their rights and interests to be violated.
7. Are you satisfied with your housing conditions?
6.2% are very satisfied and 57.5% are quite satisfied.
20.5% is average, 15.8% is not satisfied.
According to the data, we can analyze:
Most elderly people are satisfied with their housing conditions, but quite a few people are not satisfied. Some residents with poor local economic conditions are not satisfied because the buildings they live in are too old, the services provided by the community are not perfect, and the environmental pollution and noise in their areas are low. Some people with better economic conditions (such as managers and technicians) will have higher satisfaction. Because their children have better jobs in cities, the elderly who move from the countryside will have higher life satisfaction.
Eight, whether to participate in endowment insurance and medical insurance.
A * * * has 146 questionnaires.
Endowment insurance: 92 people are insured and 52 people are insured.
1 ready to participate, 1 not ready to participate.
Medical insurance: 87 participants and 52 participants.
Three were present and four were absent.
From the data and graphics can be analyzed:
People who participate in these two types of insurance are much higher than those who do not, and the proportion of these two types of insurance is roughly the same. It can be seen that people generally participate in both types of insurance. From the interview, we know that in the company, people buy both kinds of insurance at the same time. Endowment insurance and medical insurance are also two basic insurances, but few laid-off workers and migrant workers are insured. Therefore, from this perspective, we should improve the level of social security (especially for laid-off workers and farmers, a marginal group).
Nine, satisfaction with community cultural and sports facilities and venues
In 146 questionnaires:
Satisfaction accounted for 1.4%, and satisfaction accounted for 4 1.8%.
32.9% is average and 23.3% is not satisfied.
Very dissatisfied accounted for 7%
According to the data, we can see that:
Nearly half of the people are satisfied with the facilities, some people think it doesn't matter, and some people are not satisfied. This shows that the community facilities in Zhengzhou can meet people's needs to a certain extent, but in some communities with poor living conditions, there are few or no cultural and sports facilities and venues. Cultural and sports facilities should be extended to all communities, so that the majority of the elderly can enjoy a good space for activities, rather than being exclusive to a few people.
Section IV Discussion and Conclusion
First, the situation reflected in the questionnaire (conclusion)
(1) The social security system in China is still not perfect, and a large number of people still rely on their families to provide for the elderly. Family support for the aged has lasted for thousands of years in China. Therefore, family pension has been deeply rooted in people's hearts, and most people choose family pension. In addition, China's social security system is still not perfect, which can not guarantee the normal life of the elderly, so most people choose the way of family pension.
(2) There are too few activity facilities and learning opportunities for the elderly in the community. Many people, including the elderly themselves, think that the elderly don't need to learn anything, just spend their old age safely, so the spiritual life of the elderly is ignored.
(3) Some communities do not have a good living environment, and the environmental pollution is serious, which is not conducive to the normal life of residents. Especially the elderly are in poor health and need fresh air and a quiet environment. However, most elderly people do not enjoy this right, and many of them live in dusty environment, which can not guarantee the normal life of the elderly.
(4) There are still many phenomena in society that do not respect the elderly and endanger their legitimate rights and interests. Although many old people are satisfied with young people now, it can be seen from interviews and questionnaires that some old people are disgusted with young people in some ways. For example, an old man I met in the last interview said that few people offered their seats on the bus, and the young people close to him turned their faces out of the window as soon as they saw him, which made him very angry. When asked whether children are filial to their parents, he said that some children have a very bad attitude towards their parents and even insult them. Therefore, we should pay full attention to this.
Second, suggestions
(1) Strengthen the construction of the old-age security system, and formulate the old-age security system in line with Zhengzhou's situation. The problem of providing for the aged is the most important problem in the problem of aging. According to the survey, the income of the elderly population mainly comes from retirement pension. When issuing pensions, on the one hand, we must ensure that retirees receive pensions on time; On the other hand, it is necessary to adjust the amount of retirement pension in time to ensure the actual living standards of veteran soldiers, constantly improve the old-age insurance system in this city, and gradually reduce the burden on enterprises and individuals. As the present family structure and scale are changing, the family's pension function has tended to weaken. Therefore, we should combine family pension with social pension, and introduce community service into families to make up for the shortage of family pension.
(2) Vigorously publicize the concept of "respecting and loving the elderly" and strengthen the communication between children and parents. Being respected is a psychological need of the elderly. When the social role of retired people changes, they will feel old and useless, lack of care for life, and feel pessimistic and disappointed. Therefore, they especially hope that society will pay more attention to them and respect them.
(3) Take a tolerant attitude towards the remarriage of the elderly. Don't pay too much attention to this phenomenon on the premise of not harming people. The two should notarize the property of both parties, and then negotiate when the children come to avoid future disputes.
(4) Develop education for the elderly and improve the quality of the elderly population. Carry out colorful cultural and sports activities and really enjoy your old age; Broaden the employment channels for the elderly and realize their social value.
(5) Do a good job in community construction, and give full play to the function of community service for the elderly. Strengthening community construction and giving full play to the service function of the community for the elderly is an important way to solve the aging problem. In the process of community construction, it is necessary to increase investment in the community pension service industry, raise funds through various ways and channels, and increase investment. It is necessary to increase community service facilities and services for the elderly. It is necessary to train a group of high-quality community managers and service personnel, improve the quality of community services for the elderly, so that the elderly can enjoy both relevant nursing resources and high-quality services.
(6) Strengthen the construction of community human resources and intermediary organizations, expand the social participation of the elderly, develop a mutual aid and exchange system for the elderly, and promote the social exchange of the elderly in cities and the continuous improvement of the quality of life of the masses.
(7) According to the growth trend of the national economy, timely formulate policies to improve the low income and consumption level of the elderly, and slow down or even eliminate the poverty of the urban elderly.
(eight), in the reform of urban management system, increase the attention and management function of community policies to the daily life of the elderly, and build a target system to improve the quality of life of the elderly.
Express gratitude/gratitude
I would like to thank the school and department leaders for providing us with this valuable internship opportunity, internship conditions and internship funds, and thank the instructors for providing us with opinions and suggestions, pointing out our mistakes in time and giving us great support and encouragement. Thanks to all the old friends who support our work. They filled out our questionnaire carefully, answered our questions in detail, and told us a lot of philosophy of life, which benefited us a lot. Thanks to the team members who cooperated with me and fought together. It is because of everyone's participation that our team can successfully complete the questionnaire and draw a conclusion as the material of our paper. At the same time, we also want to thank the literature, so that we are not confused in the first internship and point out the direction for us to design questionnaires, conduct interviews and analyze and discuss questionnaires.
At the same time, I sincerely hope that our investigation and research can arouse people in a certain range to care more about, help and care for the elderly, so that this special social group can live in a beautiful city with peace of mind, happiness and health. I wish every old man a happy old age.
refer to
[1], Sun Guangde: An Introduction to Social Security, Beijing: Renmin University of China Press, 2000.
[2], Alva Wang: Dictionary of Sociology, Jinan: Shandong People's Publishing House, 1998 edition.
[3], Wu Cangping: Sociology of Aging, Beijing: Renmin University of China Press, 1999 Edition.
[4], Fiona Fang: A Course of Social Research Methods, Beijing: Peking University Publishing House, 1997 edition.
[5], Fiona Fang: Introduction to Gerontology, Beijing: Social Science Literature Publishing House, 1995.
[6], Zheng Hangsheng: Introduction to Sociology, Beijing: China Renmin University Press, 2003.
[7]. An investigation on the concept and present situation of providing for the aged in the old industrial base in Northeast China.
[8] Investigation on the spiritual and cultural living conditions required by the health of the elderly.
[9] Investigation and analysis of the health status of the elderly in Guangzhou.
[10], investigation and analysis of living conditions of urban elderly.
[1 1], survey report on living conditions and needs of the elderly in XX city
Appendix I
Questionnaire survey on the living conditions of the elderly in Zhengzhou community
Dear old man:
Hello, in order to truly understand the living conditions of the elderly in our community and let more people know and care about their lives, we organized this survey. Your answer will be kept strictly confidential. Thank you for cooperating with our investigation.
Zhengzhou Institute of Light Industry Class 04 Social Work
May 2006
1 What kind of neighborhood do you live in?
A unit community b commercial housing community c village d mixed community
Are you satisfied with your housing conditions?
A is satisfied, B is satisfied, C is generally dissatisfied, and E is very dissatisfied.
Have you participated in the endowment insurance? A participated, but B did not.
Have you participated in medical insurance?
A took part in B, but didn't. C is going to participate, and D is not going to participate.
What kind of pension do you want?
A family pension b social pension c other forms
The main source of your living expenses is
A pension b endowment insurance c children provide d deposits e others.
How many children do you have?
A 1 B2 C3 D4 and above number e
(Select E to skip 7- 12)
Does your child give you alimony?
A often b regularly c rarely d not provided.
Do you think children respect themselves?
A respects B, respects C, and generally D does not respect E, which is very disrespectful.
Do you communicate with your children?
A often b generally c seldom d doesn't communicate.
Are you satisfied with your child's marital status?
A is satisfied, B is satisfied, C is generally dissatisfied, and E is very dissatisfied.
Do you live with your children?
A is B, isn't it?
(Select A to skip the next question)
13 who took care of you when you were unwell before?
Wife b, children c, nanny d, others
14 Who do you mainly chat with when you are in a bad mood?
Wife b, children c, nanny d, others
15 Do you participate in cultural and sports activities (boxing, fencing, songs, dancing, piano, chess, gymnastics)?
A often, B often, C generally, D rarely, E does not participate.
16 What's your main way of killing time?
A cultural and sports activities b chatting c surfing the internet d other.
17 do you know the law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the rights and interests of the elderly?
A knows B and C well, but D doesn't know E, so I haven't heard of it.
18 As a consumer, when your rights and interests are hurt, are you willing to use the law to protect your rights and interests?
A is willing, B is willing, C doesn't matter, D is unwilling, and E is very unwilling.
Do you like traveling?
A likes B very much, generally likes C, and D doesn't like E very much.
How many times do you usually travel a year?
Once or less B2 times C3 times D3 times or more
2 1 Are you satisfied with the sports facilities and venues in the community?
A is satisfied, B is satisfied, C is generally dissatisfied, and E is very dissatisfied.
Are you satisfied with the community service for the elderly?
A is satisfied, B is satisfied, C is generally dissatisfied, and E is very dissatisfied.
Do you think society respects the elderly?
A respects B, respects C, and generally D does not respect E, which is very disrespectful.
What do you think of learning for the elderly?
A shouldn't learn. It is never too old to learn. C can generally learn a little.
How to treat the remarriage of the elderly?
A agrees with B, agrees with C, and it doesn't matter. D disagrees. E disagrees.
What's your attitude towards new things (such as Internet, "super girl" and unmarried youth)?
A is more open, B can accept it, and C doesn't accept D's objection.
27 Your basic information:
(1) Sex A male and B female
(2) Age A60-65B66-70C7 1-75D76 and above.
(3) marital status A married B divorced C widowed D unmarried D single
(4) Political outlook A * * * party member B Democratic Party C Non-partisan masses
(5) Education level A primary school and below B junior high school C senior high school (technical school, technical secondary school)
D college, e college or above.
(6) Previous work
A ordinary workers b technicians c managers d individual industrial and commercial households e others
How do you think the community should serve the elderly?
I wish your old man good health and a happy family!
Appendix II
Interview outline
First, the basic situation of the elderly: age, marriage, education level, previous work.
Status of children of the elderly: the number of children, whether they live with their children, the status of alimony given by their children, and the communication with their children.
2. Types of insurance and pension.
Third, the source of daily living expenses
Four, the type of community and satisfaction with living conditions.
Five, to participate in cultural and sports activities, ways to kill time.
Sixth, the elderly's understanding of the law and awareness of safeguarding rights.
Seven, views on new things
Eight, views on the learning problems of the elderly.
Nine. Views on the remarriage of the elderly
X. Do you think society respects the elderly?
What kind of services do you think the community should provide for the elderly?
Further reading: How to buy insurance, which is good, and teach you how to avoid these "pits" of insurance.