Song Jiang is a character created by Shi Naian in Water Margin. There have always been different opinions about the image of Song Jiang. Someone praised him: Li Zhuowu (1527- 1602), a thinker and writer in the Ming Dynasty, said: "Song Jiang lived in the water margin, with his heart above the imperial court, and devoted himself to peace and serving the country ... His loyalty was really enough to serve the hearts of a hundred people." (See the frontispiece "Mr. Li Zhuowu Criticizes the Loyalty of the Water Margin", which was printed by Rongyutang in the thirty-eighth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty. Some people accused him: Jin Shengtan (1608- 166 1), a famous literary critic in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, thought that "the water margin belongs exclusively to Song Jiang." (reading the calligraphy of the fifth gifted scholar) and beheaded the water margin. Where there are changes in the article, most of them are aimed at Song Jiang's personality, aiming at highlighting Song Jiang's "hypocrisy and treachery", "winning people's hearts purely by counting" and "making people hate dogs for not eating" (read the calligraphy of the fifth gifted scholar). Jin Shengtan once lamented. Some people remain neutral and think that Song Jiang has both advantages and disadvantages: Li Xifan (1927-), a contemporary literary critic, thinks: "Song Jiang has a progressive side and a backward side, which is worthy of our criticism", "Song Jiang's early leadership of the Water Margin Revolutionary Movement is progressive and commendable; However, his acceptance of the court in the future is a compromise and surrender to the ruling class. This is his biggest mistake and should be severely and profoundly criticized. " (A brief comment on Water Margin —— Reading Mr. Zhang's Song Jiangkao, Literature, History and Philosophy No.4, 1954. ) How should we treat the image of Song Jiang? Confucius said, "People see why it is, why it is, and why it is safe?" ? Awkward? The second part of this sentence means, "(to understand a person), we should look at his words and deeds, observe the road he has taken and see what he is doing at ease." So, how does this person hide? How did this man hide? "Confucius' words tell us the basic methods of analyzing and understanding a person. Let's analyze Song Jiang according to the method provided by Confucius. First of all, let's look back on the road that Song Jiang took: Song Jiang was born in a landlord family in Songjiazhuang, Yuncheng County. He studied classics since childhood and became an undertaker in Yuncheng County as an adult. After he became a pawn, he mainly did three things: first, "set up another household registration and live in a different place from the old man" (Song Taigong dialect), asking the county government to issue a "proof of disclosure" and give it to Song Taigong for safekeeping; The second is to dig a hole under the Buddha's seat at home. "Some urgent things, you can go there to escape" (Song Jiangyu); The third is to withdraw funds and create a lot of heroes in the world. Bao Zheng Classical in Dongxi Village is one of the heroes sung river has seen. Seven people, including Chao Gai and Wu Yong, hijacked the birth outline that Liang Zhongshu gave to his father-in-law, Cai Taishi. They were discovered by He Tao, an observer of Jeju Prefecture, and were ordered to be arrested. Sung river steady He Tao, secretly tipped off classical. After Chao Gai escaped from danger, he fled to water margin with Wu Yong and other seven people. With the help of Lin Chong, he defeated Wang Lun and became an outlaw. During this period, Song Jiang married Yan Poxi, a prostitute who was dissatisfied with Song Jiang's neglect, and married Zhang Wenyuan, a postal book. One night, she found a letter written by Classical to Song Jiang, so she coerced Song Jiang to divorce him and demanded 120 gold. In a rage, Song Jiang killed her. In order to avoid evil, he fled with his younger brother Song Qing and met Chai Jin and Song Wu in Henghai County. I met Kong Ming and Kong Liang in Kongjiazhuang and taught them martial arts. I met Yan Shun, Zheng Tianshou and Wang Ying in Qingfeng Mountain. I met Huarong in Qingfeng Village and designed uniforms for Qin Ming and Huang Xin. On the way to Liangshan, I met Lv Fang and Guo Sheng. General Liang Shanshi got a letter from Shi Yong that his father was dying, so he abandoned everyone and hurried home. Unexpectedly, Zhao Neng and Zhao De, the new county magistrate of Yuncheng County, discovered that they had taken Song Jiang away and sent Zhang Qian and Li to Jiangzhou to be punished. After going to Liangshan, Classical led people to stop Sung River and invited him to join in. Song Jiang spoke in the name of loyalty and righteousness. On the way to Jiangzhou and after arriving in Jiangzhou, Dai Cang met more than ten people, including Li Jun, Li Li, Xue Yong, Tong Wei, Meng Tong, Mu Chun, Mu Hong, Zhang Shun, Zhang Heng, Dai Zong and Li Kui jy. Song Jiang wrote an anti-poem in Xunyanglou after drinking while serving his sentence, which was discovered by Huang Wenbing and killed. Classical and others arrived at the execution ground in time, hijacked the execution ground with a group of brothers Song Jiangxin met, and rescued Song Jiang and the 29 heroes gathered in Bailong Temple. After the officers and men were killed, everyone retreated to Mujiazhuang, but Song Jiang didn't listen to Classical's advice, and he insisted on attacking the Wuwei army to kill Huang Wenbing for revenge. With everyone's help, they finally killed Huang Wenbing's family. Song Jiang and Classical went to Liangshan to become an outlaw. On the way, they met Ou Peng, He, and Tao, and went to Liangshan together. After living in Liangshan for a few days, Song Jiang worried about an accident at home and went home to move alone. Unexpectedly, Zhao Doutou, who had been waiting for a long time, was besieged. Fortunately, Classical has arranged for someone to help him, and he can get out of danger. During this period, Liu Yun, Li Li, Deng Fei, Meng Kang, Yang Lin, Pei Xuan, Yang Xiong and others successively went up the mountain to join the partnership. When Yang Xiong, Shi Xiu and Shi Qian passed Zhujiazhuang, they were caught by Zhuangke. Sung Jiang led the troops to attack Zhujiazhuang three times, saved three people, and rallied Mars, Du Xing, Jie Zhen, Jie Bao, Sun Li, Sun Xin and others. Later, Chai Jin was wrongly imprisoned, and Song Jiangling attacked Gaotangzhou, killed the magistrate Gao Lian and rescued Chai Jin. The growing power of Liangshan alarmed the court. General Hu was sent to conquer Liangshan, and Song Jiangling led the troops to break the serial horse and subdue Hu. Song Jiang's winning streak and rising prestige directly threatened the dominance of Classical. On the grounds of looking for a famous horse, Chao Gai led his troops to attack Zengtou City, but unfortunately he was wounded by disorderly arrows and returned to the cottage and died. At this point, Song Jiang's ambition was full of pride, and he boarded the top spot in Liangshan for a pretence. He changed "Juyitang" to "Loyalty Hall", hung up the signboard of "doing heavenly work", reorganized the cabinet, strengthened armaments, and actively pursued the policy of wooing people. Later, in order to earn Lu Junyi's partnership, Song Jiang designed a frame-up to put him in prison for no reason. Song Jiangling rescued him from prison and shocked the court. Hui sect Guan Sheng conquered Liangshan again, and Song Jiang defeated Guan Sheng to soothe him. Then, after several battles, Liangshan * * * assembled eight heroes, and Song Jiangpa Gongsun Sheng gave a gift at the Loyalty Hall. Tianmen opened, leaving a stone tablet and giving Liangshan a seat. Since then, Song Jiangling has won two battles in Tongguan and three battles in Gao Qiu. Finally, with the help of Qiu Suyuan, the whole gang was brought in. Song Jiang was ordered by the imperial court to lead an army to the northern expedition of Liao and the southern expedition of Fang La. One hundred and eight people suffered heavy casualties, and there were few left. Song Jiang, well-dressed and returned home, was poisoned by Gao Qiu and his gang after a few days of peace. In order to prevent Li Kui II from rebelling after his death, he poisoned Li Kui II before his death. There were 100 people in Liangshan, and only a dozen survived. What kind of heart did Song Jiang have when he walked this road? We might as well put ourselves in the other's shoes and make a brief analysis: After Song Jiang became a escort agency in Yuncheng County, he did three things-set up another household registration, secretly explore and make friends with heroes. Why did he do these things? Arguably, as a county magistrate, and the family is very rich, as long as you are honest and down-to-earth, you can be well-fed and happy. But judging from his separate household registration and secret excavation, he seems to have foreseen the end of his future, so he made full preparations in advance. Maybe everyone will say that this is the "Three Caves of the Coward Rabbit", but this statement is far-fetched. It is really unnatural for an ordinary person to be so cunning and prepared. Too counterintuitive, there must be an inevitable reason, which has to prompt us to analyze, what does Song Jiang want to do at great risk? Clues can be found from the third thing he did-knowing men. Song Jiang helped the poor and got the reputation of "timely rain". Who did he help? From the book, the real pity is nothing more than Tang, Wang Gonggong, who sells soup and medicine, and his mother and daughter. He knows more Jianghu heroes. The so-called heroes are mainly gangsters, murderers, criminals and daring fugitives. There are very few people who really feel sorry for themselves. For these people, he is generous and spends dozens of taels of silver. What is the purpose of his acquaintance with these people? Song Jiang wrote a sentence in Xunyanglou after drinking, "I have been attacking history since I was a child, and I have counsel when I grow up. Just like a tiger lying on a barren hill, the lurking minions endure. It's a pity that tattooed cheeks deserve Jiangzhou. If he had taken revenge that year, he would have washed the mouth of Xunyang River with blood. " There is another poem, "The heart is in Shandong, the body is in Wu, and it floats in Pengjianghai. If he turned to Ling Yunzhi when he was young, he would dare to laugh at Huang Chao for not having a husband. " As the saying goes, after drinking, he speaks the truth, and Song Jiang's drunken poems fully exposed his ambition. Like Huang Chao, his real "spiritual ambition" led his army to rebel and seized the land of Dasong. To this end, he deliberately, forbearing, once the time is ripe, "dare to laugh at Huang Chao is not her husband". In this way, there may be opposition: Song Jiang led the troops against Song Ting, invincible, invincible. The elite division of the imperial court has either fallen or lost, and its spirit is gone. If we take advantage of the situation at this time, will the Great Song Dynasty be at your fingertips? Besides, after Song Jiang was wooed, he defeated Liao, and it was a piece of cake to break Fang La, and he also led such a "magic weapon" to attack DaSong. How does Song Ting fight back? Song Jiang didn't do this, but he always wanted to win over and serve the country. This loyalty is commendable! What's the truth? You might as well think about it, when Song Jiang was in Liangshan, he had only thirty thousand military forces, eight generals with one hundred bachelors, and a territory of eight hundred miles in Fiona Fang. Compared with the whole Dasong, this family was really dwarfed. Song Ting's encirclement and suppression of Liangshan was defeated repeatedly, and it was undoubtedly suspected of deliberately beautifying the stone man. This beautification is more prominent in the process of defeating Liao and breaking wax. "Water Margin" said that Song Jiang only brought his own army on these two expeditions, and he could easily win these two wars with only 30,000 or 60,000 horses. It's really impossible To say the least, even if it is true that Song Ting won many battles, if the imperial court goes all out to attack Liangshan, how long can the tiny place resist? Obviously, Song Jiang insisted on wooing people because he assessed the situation and analyzed the current situation. Knowing that Song Ting's luck is endless, and he can't get any reward in this life, he had to settle for the second best and lead everyone on the road to win people's hearts for fame and fortune. One will become famous, but it's a pity that he stepped on the blood of his brothers and ascended the throne of Chuzhou peace envoy and military forces manager, and soon died under the murder of Gao Qiu and his people. Let's analyze what Song Jiang did before and after going to Liangshan again. Let's look at the time when he chose to go to Liangshan. Song Jiang had four opportunities to go to Liangshan: first, when he killed Yan Poxi to get away with it; The second is to return from sin and lead a group of heroes; The third is to escort Jiangzhou to serve his sentence and be stopped by Classical; Fourth, rob the court to save him. The first three times, even if everyone advised him, he was determined not to go to Liangshan. Why? Let's take a look at the first time. Sung River killed Yan Poxi and got a felony. At this time, he is alone and helpless. If he goes to Liangshan to avoid sin, he will seek the protection of classical, rely on others and aim high. This is not sung river's life. Therefore, he chose to go to Chai Jin without hesitation. Sung River knows that Chai Jin is open to public guests, and many brave men will gather at home. This is a good opportunity to meet more brave people. As expected, he met Song Wu in Chai Jin's home, and he tried his best to woo him, finally making Song Wu be dead set on following him. When he came back from the crime meeting, he had recruited more than a dozen people to join the partnership. Shangliang Mountain should be beautiful at this time, but he still doesn't want to go. Just at the foot of Liangshan Mountain, Shi Yong sent a letter from home telling him that Song Taigong was dying. He quickly took a book to Classical and took the opportunity to get away. He killed two birds with one stone by doing this: First, he improved his position in the eyes of Chao Gai and others, so that everyone dared not underestimate him. In the classical view, Song Gongming is indeed a hero, with a guilty body, but also can pull so many heroes up the mountain; In the eyes of the accompanying people, the Gong Ming brothers are really good. With only one letter, we were treated well by the classical people. Second, I feel that Liangshan has no absolute advantage at this time. I can't go up the mountain with this military force, and I can't even replace it. It is for this reason that after he was arrested at home, he would rather wear a cangue to Jiangzhou to be punished than go to Liangshan. He knew that with his reputation in the Jianghu, there must be a group of heroes on the road. As expected, Li Jun, Li Li, Mu Hong, Mu Chun and others have heard about him along the way. At this time, the idea of successful career stirred in his heart, and anti-poetry after drinking was a true portrayal of his mentality at this time. Twenty-nine brave men saved him, including 22. In the battle of Liangshan leaders, he has occupied an absolute advantage, which is an excellent opportunity for him to go to Liangshan. He decided to go up the mountain. Before going up the mountain, he refused to listen to the classical scheduling, and insisted on fighting the Wuwei Army, killing Huang Wenbing for revenge. Revenge is just one of the reasons for this moment. It is his real purpose to attack the classics and shock the mountains. He succeeded in achieving his goal. Classical who is not good at calculation may still be in the dark. Song Jiang's voice, not on Liangshan, cut a dash and won a classical one, but it is not easy to really bring classical down. After all, there are also a group of "iron buddies" in classicism, and Wu Yong is a hard bone to chew. Song Jiang knows the mystery of a good name for a scholar. After going up the mountain, he often talked with Wu Yong about his political ideals of "upholding justice for heaven" and "sealing his wife and children and gaining fame", which gradually drew closer to Wu Yong's heart. Later, he borrowed the myth of Xuan Nv's nine days and three volumes of gobbledygook to connect Wu Yong with himself, and finally let Wu Yong be dead set on him. When the stumbling block moved away, Song Jiang went all out to deal with Classical. His methods of dealing with classical Chinese can be summarized as "three tricks": First, control military power. After arriving in Liangshan, Song Jiang led the army to the north and south under the guise of taking care of Classical. During the battle, he not only consolidated his leadership over the old army, but also subdued a large number of leaders. This batch of new members, since it is sung river to soothe, naturally obedient to him. After a long time, Song Jiang came to power. Although classicism is in the first place, its power is overhead. Second, buy people's hearts. Song Jiang's method of buying people's hearts is nothing more than a small favor, which is taken from the people and used by God. Small favors are sung river's usual trick. Before going to Liangshan, it was with this skill that he gained the reputation of "timely rain". After Dan Liang, he applied this trick to the extreme. Liangshan's treasures are all gold and silver exchanged by extortion, and Song Jiang often generously gives this "yellow and white thing in the world" to people who want to win over. For himself, he tried to pretend to be humble, worshipped everyone, and let everyone see him. He was explosive and pleasant, showing a humble and uncontested image. With this work, he won wide acclaim. Taking it from him is also sung river's specialty. In Qingfeng Village, in order to earn Qin Ming's partnership, Song Jiang sent troops disguised as flies, killed thousands of innocent people in Qingzhou, and let Mr. Murong magistrate kill Qin Ming's wife and children by mistake. Qin Ming was furious, but Song Jiang said airily, "My eldest brother doesn't have enough space. How can he be willing to die?" . Although there is no sister-in-law, Song Jiang just knows that Hua Zhai has a sister who is very wise. Song Jiang is willing to marry as a manager. "Qin Ming so grateful, rest assured. For example, in Mount Qingfeng, Wang Ying stopped a woman and tried to catch her wife. Sung River knew this woman was from Qingfeng Village, mistook her for Huarong Road's wife, and insisted on letting him go. Wang Ying is extremely dissatisfied and bears a grudge. When attacking Zhujiazhuang for three times, Sung Jiang led the troops to kill Hu Sanniang's family, captured Hu Sanniang alive, and gave it to Song Taigong for care. Everyone thought that Song Jiang wanted to take it for himself. Unexpectedly, after returning to the village, he decided to marry Zhang. The couple thanked Song Jiang together and said that "Song Gongming is really a man of righteousness". I don't know if Hu Sanniang is really grateful. The enemy she faced killed her father and married a short and ugly lecher. If you can still thank her, she can only sigh, "woman! "When it comes to righteousness, that is even more funny. When Liu Xuande was chased by Cao Bing, he could escape with the people, but he could not bear to abandon them. However, in order to earn Qin Ming, Sung River killed innocent people. Look at the water margin again, such scenes of unprovoked killing abound. Is this an act of kindness? This is really beside the point. On the other hand, Song Jiang did get it from him and won many people. Song Jiang's third way to buy people's hearts is to use the gods. As mentioned earlier, Wu Yong was bought with the help of Xuan Nv's gift of nine days' gobbledygook. I thought the most wonderful thing he used was "loyalty hall, stone tablet, astronomy, heroes of the water margin ranked first". As we all know, most of Liangshan heroes 100 people are creatures who kill people without blinking an eye. How to give them their proper places is a heavyweight problem. Sung river thought of the gods. He first asked Jin Dajian and Xiao Jean to carve stone tablets and bury them underground. Then he asked Gongsun Sheng to do the same thing, hide his eyes and ears, and dig up the stone tablet. Finally, with the help of the gods, he announced the seats he and Wu had arranged in advance, which made everyone speechless. Li Zhuowu appreciate sung river this recruit. He said in Comments on the Water Margin: "The water margin is like jy and Helu, and that kind is a foolish man. They don't fool him, how can he be dead set? Wonderful! "With these tricks, Song Jiang successfully won the hearts of Liangshan heroes. Third, destroy the potential. As mentioned above, before Song Jiang went up the mountain, he did not listen to classical scheduling and deliberately lowered the status of classical in people's minds; After going up the mountain, he talked in front of all the leaders that "the country is ruined because of the wood, and the sword refers to the water." "Thirty-six plans, sowing chaos in Shandong" nursery rhymes; Every time he defeated and caught the general, Song Jiang always kept his head down, wishing to be a shanzhai master, pretending to be a shanzhai master, and completely ignoring Classical. In the long run, everyone only knows that there is a Song Dynasty, but they don't know that there is a dynasty. When Duan presented his horse at night, he even said in front of Chao Gai, "The Jianghu only hears the name of timely rain." Hearing this sentence, Classical's mood can be imagined. Therefore, even with the ominous omen that Zhong Jun's flagpole was blown down by strong wind, he still insisted on leading troops to attack Zengtou City. Because Chao Gai felt his embarrassing situation, he hoped to take this opportunity to improve his position in the eyes of the leaders and consolidate his rule. Song Jiang and Wu Yong knew that their trip was gone, but they just gave some crocodile tears advice. Not only did they not equip the courtiers who lacked experience in leading troops with military advisers, but they also did not send reinforcements. Classical troops to war, sung river in the mind must be happy-your end has finally arrived, I finally boil into a woman! As expected, Super King was shot dead in the head. Song Jiang got his wish and sat in the first place. At this point, the image of Song Jiang has stood out. He is a cunning, sophisticated, keen on fame and fortune, cold and hypocritical careerist.