1. direct quotation: direct quotation refers to the complete quotation of other people's original words or words into the paper. For example, "According to the research of Smith (20 10)". In this case, you need to use quotation marks and indicate the author and publication year.
2. Indirect citation: Indirect citation refers to describing other people's research results in your own words, rather than directly quoting the original text. In this case, you need to use quotation marks and indicate the author and publication year. At the same time, you need to put a bracket after the sentence and put the original text in brackets. For example: "Research shows that (Smith, 20 10)."
3. General citation: General citation refers to summarizing other people's research results, but it is not necessary to use the original text. In this case, you can describe other people's research results in your own language, and add comments at the end of the sentence, indicating the author and the year of publication. For example: "Smith's research results show that (Smith, 20 10)."
4. Reference list: The reference list is the place to list all references cited in the paper. Each reference item should include the author, article title, journal name, publication year, page number and other information. Ensure that the reference list is compiled according to a specific citation format (such as APA, MLA, etc.). ).
No matter which citation method is adopted, it is necessary to ensure accurate citation of other people's research results and avoid plagiarism and infringement. In addition, the appropriate citation format should be determined according to the requirements of specific academic journals or conferences.