Current location - Education and Training Encyclopedia - Graduation thesis - Outline of western painting aesthetics
Outline of western painting aesthetics
Incomplete Beauty —— Author: Cao Bi

I stared at Venus again and marveled at the mystery and beauty of her broken arm.

On the shelf of my wardrobe, there is a statue of Venus, which is small and exquisite and not high enough. She was turned upside down by people based on the Venus statue of Milos. Look, she is so noble, elegant, mysterious and elegant.

When I am reading or writing, I often can't help but stare and marvel at her incomplete and magical beauty.

Ah, I was conquered by her again! Handsome outline, rounded lines, graceful appearance and elegant manners are all just right. The plump and beautiful face, eye-catching eyes and graceful posture all reflect the unique curvaceous beauty and youthful beauty of women's bodies. Neither enchanting nor charming, nor shy and coquetry. She is so graceful, holy and beautiful, solemn and elegant, full of vitality and simple and elegant beauty.

Suddenly, she seemed to have crossed the tunnel of time and space, flew over the boundless Pacific Ocean, flew from the ancient Greek island of Milos, and walked leisurely towards me from the dust of ancient history. The beautiful bun is stained with western customs, the blood of Greek civilization is surging in her skin, and the popular colors of western clothes are on her body. She gave me a mysterious smile. That mysterious smile flattered me, and only Mona Lisa's smile can match it.

It is said that in ancient Greek mythology, Venus was the goddess of love and beauty. She was born in the sea and became an adult at birth. Her beauty is incomparable. Venus of Milos is a semi-naked statue of the goddess, carved from high-quality marble. This statue used to have arms, but unfortunately it was lost long ago. What the brokeback looks like and where it is now has always been an unsolved mystery in the history of sculpture art in the world. Many experts and artists have put forward various hypotheses, trying to increase the brokeback and restore its original appearance, but they all ended in failure and failed to achieve satisfactory artistic results. It was unexpectedly discovered that she had to lose her arms for her beauty and charm. Losing her arms not only does not damage her beauty, but is even more beautiful. This "incomplete beauty" is as mysterious as Mona Lisa's smile, as mysterious as poetry, implicit and meaningful, which makes people unable to understand and give people infinite reverie.

Oh, Venus with a broken arm is more artistic charm and life, because losing her arms gives people unlimited space and room for imagination. Isn't this the essence of art? As the saying goes, "A thousand readers have a thousand Hamlets", the audience can imagine countless hands with different gestures and create a brand-new image of Venus in their own minds. From this point of view, this "brokeback beauty" skillfully obtains a complete artistic beauty by giving up part!

Nowadays, brokeback Venus has become synonymous with "incomplete beauty". It is precisely because of her "incomplete beauty" that people are worried about it and create a superb artistic miracle in the history of aesthetics. Rodin once said: "In art, works with character are beautiful." Brokeback is Venus' personality. This unrepeatable "this one" makes her have her own unique charm and beautiful vitality, and she makes people see the infinite mystery of artistic nothingness. In the field of art, "incomplete beauty" means perfection. This reminds me of Laozi's mysterious philosophy that "everything is born and nothing is born". "Defect" is just like "nothing". What is the difference between "nothing" and "something"? "The image of nothing" and "the elephant is invisible" ("Lao Zi") is a higher-level existence of virtue and beauty.

The beauty of a broken arm is the ultimate beauty! I can see from nothingness, see wealth, see anger, see mystery, and achieve the artistic beauty of "seeing integrity in defects", which reminds me of the view of "beauty mole" in the history of western aesthetics, similar to "beauty has flaws" in the history of China's aesthetics. Stone has the beauty of frowning, Yang Guifei has the beauty of obesity, Zhao has the beauty of thin waist, and Lin Daiyu has the beauty of morbid ... all these are due to the beautiful personality. So I think the beauty of brokeback is a beautiful leap from special to universal, which not only brings people eternal enjoyment of artistic beauty, but also leaves us with eternal exploration and thinking of artistic beauty. It not only purifies our hearts, but also reminds all our artists at all times that the complete artistic beauty must be completed by "incomplete" artistic works and readers, and the artistic form that can best exert the imagination of the audience must be chosen to achieve the artistic wonderland of "breaking" over "perfection" and "nothing over" existence ".

This is the highest state of all arts!

I suddenly realized that there is no "completeness" without "incompleteness"; Without "incomplete beauty", there is no "complete" artistic beauty. In fact, isn't this also a thing in our lives?

Incomplete beauty, mysterious beauty, mystery of beauty.

Incomplete beauty, artistic beauty and beautiful art.

Incomplete beauty, eternal beauty, eternal beauty.

/article/sanwen/20 1 10/ 105002 . html

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The first four words of "extreme art" have caused widespread controversy. "Extreme", a word hated by the social system, is associated with "art". Has "art" become something people hate?

There are too many misunderstandings and even mistakes about extreme art, and many famous artists have made shocking responses to this. Xiaohe doesn't want the contradiction to escalate. In fact, Xiaohe has never participated in any mainstream and extreme debates before. Xiaohei is just a silent hermit who entertains himself here. He has made a simple interpretation of extreme art. After combing, he will be happy alone!

In order to correctly understand extreme art, we must first solve their contradictions, and in order to publicize extreme art, we must also eliminate excessive attitudes. On this basis, Xiao He will make a theoretical interpretation and discussion on extreme art.

To the mainstream culture camp:

"The earth is round" is a simple common sense.

But his weight in our hearts is just a globe placed in front of the table.

We have never felt the land under our feet, the city where we live.

They are just the surface of a sphere.

Have you ever thought about whether the rocket will reach the universe when it is launched downward? Will it really collapse?

Our time is no longer the old age of abstinence and dogmatism.

The evolution of the world is no longer just a one-way journey from low to high, from negative to positive, from bottom to top, from old to new and so on.

Modern times have stepped into diversification.

Therefore, we should acknowledge and allow the existence and development of all phenomena in the world.

As long as the rocket is successfully launched, whether it is launched upward or downward, it can reach the universe.

"The earth is round"

The premise is that the rocket must be allowed to launch.

The collision between cultures is a stage of the evolution and transformation of world culture. Both cultures exist objectively and can only be chosen, but it is impossible to eventually destroy one culture. If a culture is extinct, it can only be a catastrophe, so the smartest attitude towards culture is tolerance. A brand-new culture, even colliding with itself, is the most developed culture. If you are really culturally developed, show your courage and tolerance.

The poems written by modern poets in China are becoming more and more incomprehensible to readers, the modern western paintings are becoming more and more incomprehensible to China people, and it is becoming more and more difficult for China people to accept metal bands from all over the world.

This shows that it is not what happened to the artist, but the readers in China have a serious lack of understanding of western art. How to treat western culture correctly and how to continue to develop China culture is a huge problem facing everyone in China.

Towards the extreme cultural camp:

Lovely extremists, didn't they have any consciousness on the first day when they fell into extreme culture? What is extreme? Extreme is non-mainstream, isolation is to suffer major setbacks, and may accompany you for life. You choose not only a culture, but also your lifestyle. We are always longing for the day when extreme music is fully popularized, but don't forget that when extreme culture becomes the mainstream, it will no longer be extreme culture, and then extreme music will be popular all over the world. You are a pop singer yourself. Are you really willing to do this? Extreme culture is extreme culture. Extreme culture can only enter the mainstream on extreme soil and can only be destroyed!

Why are you angry about pop music? The truth of the world is in the hands of 20% of the population, and so is the world's elite. Since we stand at the highest point of art, we should remember an old saying, the highest point of a mountain is based on a vast plain, and the lower culture is the foundation of the upper culture, so the concept of the upper layer appears relatively.

We ourselves are also rejected by the mainstream culture, and we know that this attitude of rejection is hateful, so we can't exclude others, and don't do to others what you don't want us to do to you.

Conclusion: Mainstream culture and extreme culture are two opposite camps. Extreme culture is the extreme mainstream of the mainstream, and extreme culture is extremely black. I hope that everyone's attitude towards each other will change from mutual exclusion to mutual isolation to mutual tolerance, and finally achieve a "win-win".

From this time on, Xiaohe began to interpret and discuss extreme art. First of all, of course, he should explain what extreme art is. At present, Xiaohe has listed an equation. Of course, this equation will continue to improve with the understanding of extreme art. The current equation is

Extreme Art = Imperfectism+Surrealism

(Incompleteness and surrealism will be discussed in Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 respectively.)

Extreme art is by no means a rogue terrorist activity! This truth is too simple. We have all seen many horror movies, crime movies, bloody movies and even abnormal movies, but first ask a question: which actor in the movie really killed someone in the movie? Actors are artists, but no actor really killed anyone in the filming process. If he really killed people because of works of art, Xiaohe doesn't think he is a good operator of works of art.

Although the popularity of extreme art is small, it is indeed a strong culture. Just like poetry, it makes the poet melt in its bone marrow all his life and never get out again, enjoying the highest spiritual pleasure, but also suffering from the reality of being down and out. Extreme art is a field where personality is more than personality and edge is more than edge. It has personality but never shows off, but there is no retreat on the edge. So what kind of people are you extreme artists? Why are you the cutest people?

Extreme artists really care about the improvement of self-personality, but they don't care how to do it and how crazy you want to be. As we all know, art comes from reality and is ultimately higher than reality. The theme after the sublimation of two meanings is of course higher than the real prototype. The second transcendence of art has carried out a series of processing on the real prototype, so it can no longer be the original truth. Say this sentence again: "Art comes from reality, but it is not reality in the end." Then we can know that some people see the descriptions of murder, crime, pornography and abuse in extreme music lyrics and insist that extreme music is an instigator. How stupid it is! Extremity is the extreme of individual independent thinking and behavior. If you think extremely, then you are an extreme artist. If you act extremely, you are a criminal!

However, we do see that many extreme big-name musicians commit real homicide. They killed their own band members and others' band members. What is the explanation? We say that the contradiction that an artist can't cope with most is spirit and reality. For example, an artist's spiritual life is extremely rich, but he can't solve the hunger in life. From a psychological point of view, the infinite expansion of ideas in art will inevitably affect his behavior when he is used to it. When his will is relaxed for a period of time, when his consciousness is confused with reality, we can see that he may no longer be an excellent artist, he may just be an ordinary criminal, and even he may have suffered from mental illness (when one can't distinguish between consciousness and reality). At this time, what we see is the tragedy of a great artist. Blake said he was great when he made music. Artists who kill people are ordinary criminals. A person can have two identities at the same time. He is both an artist and a criminal. Isn't it fair that artists do art and some people appreciate it when they commit crimes? Isn't this a normal world? Can we prohibit the extinction of an artistic culture just because one or two artists have committed crimes?

However, we do see many murderers doing extreme music and art after they get out of prison. Is it a gathering place for criminals? Blackie doesn't think so at all. A person changes from extreme behavior to extreme ideology and gives up extreme behavior. What is this? This is the sublimation process from criminals to artists! This is a sentence that Xiaohe once said countless times: "Everything is a resource. Whether it is beneficial or harmful depends on how you use it! " Extreme is a resource. Whether you spend it on crime or art depends entirely on yourself. If you are a criminal, you may commit a crime even if you are not exposed to extreme art. If you are an artist, if you are in a crime scene, you will still create shocking works of art, then will extreme art become a bad instigator? Xiaohe's explanation is that external factors work through internal factors. Extreme art is just a catalyst, which may be harmful to you. Inner evil can also play a role in your inner goodness. Everything ultimately depends on your own evil and good. Why can't we believe that extreme art can react on people and make them better? (This theory will be elaborated in the fourth chapter of incompleteness.)

However, we do see that many artists have really become mental patients, and even some extreme musicians have lived in mental hospitals and even have gender confusion. One more sentence: "There is no boundary between artists and mental patients, because every mental patient is a performance art." An artist may become a mental patient, but an ordinary person may also become a mental patient and eventually become a performance art. So what is there to say?

What kind of people are extremists? Xiaohe calls extreme art creators and extreme art lovers extreme "elements", so this "element" is neither the other party nor Xiaohe's QQ friends. There are 100 extreme "elements" (please omit the quotation marks after writing, because criminals will not be mentioned again). Join the Extreme Art Troupe and create one yourself. In the three years of contact, extremists are lovely and kind people, because everyone has an "extreme" experience. So they stay away from social cynics, which has the advantage that they rarely accept the ugly identity in society, so extremists are really the cutest people from this perspective.

It's just that some extremists have been writing and performing underground music for a long time. It is a pity that Xiaohe saw that some high-level extreme musicians were also infected with a lot of local ruffians' habits. Although the music in the performance is good, the artist's attitude is not as bold as it should be. Here Xiaohei hopes that domestic extreme musicians will gradually move towards NB. Take foreign big-name extreme bands as a template to make continuous efforts and cultivate their own extreme artists. Finally, write some words about extreme art by Xiao Hei.

1) rationality does not usurp the host's role-extreme art is a culture with narrow popularity but strong strength.

2) Is there any difference between magic and divinity, but they have at least one thing in common, that is, they are inhuman, and they were not human in the first place.

3) The most extreme person in the world is not the big-name leader of extreme music, but the underground diehard loyalty of extreme music. They have never made a formal album, and they are dismissive in their bones.

4) Shallow understanding of extreme music can only harm people, but it doesn't matter. Anyway, it is nothing new for extreme music to have another scum-too many people misunderstand and accuse extreme music, and we have become accustomed to it.

5) It was interesting to read the reviews of works occasionally before, but only occasionally. I firmly believe that people who know well will never waste their breath.

Extremism = Imperfectism+Surrealism

So what is mutilation? Let's first review the development of western art as a whole, because Xiao He is not an art major after all, so we have to give the thickest line.

Classicism-> Transition from feudalism to capitalism-> Renaissance-> Achievements of quantum physics and a bunch of other disciplines-> Postmodernism-> Incomplete-> Chaos-> What? .

(The above formulas are arranged in chronological order and causal order. If there is anything wrong, please ask the art professionals to correct me and add Xiao He. Thanks in advance! )

Xiaohe probably looked up a lot of historical materials about the development of western art on the Internet, so Xiaohe didn't study them carefully first. We began to make a simple comb of the above formula: "Western classical painting focuses on' seeing'. Emphasizing the truthfulness, rationality and science of appearance "is linked with Xiao Hei's Classical Sketch, and this knowledge was almost touched until the development of capitalist production in Italy. Western countries gradually realized the transition from feudalism to capitalism and ushered in the great Renaissance. "The Renaissance is a historical period of European culture and thought development from 14 to 16. It is a major new culture movement in European history and a wonderful flower in human history. The Renaissance emphasized retro, not just retro. The Renaissance absorbed the nutrition of classicism and developed classicism art on the basis of classicism. Then, with the development of quantum physics, quantum physics naturally penetrated into all fields of the western world, including art, so postmodernism was born under the impetus of quantum physics, and then further incomplete chaos was born? Xiaohei's concept of chaos was instilled by Xiao N. I made a rough search on the Internet and found that chaos is a new discipline that has developed for 10 years. Not to mention the details, it feels like Taoism in China. Xiaohe just wants to say that with the development of chaos, there will be a brand-new art form, which is great. Haha, Xiaohe is looking forward to its appearance! Because Xiao He is a layman in art, so I can't talk more. I mainly talk about postmodernism and incompleteness.

We have all learned in junior high school physics class that objects are molecules composed of microscopic molecules, smaller atoms are composed of electrons and so on. In this microscopic world, the movement of molecules is limited and irregular, which is a classic achievement of quantum physics! Quantum physics has discovered the characteristics of irregularity, unpredictability, quasi-nonlinearity, no solution and so on in the micro-world, subverting people's general understanding of the world in the past, and then affecting the art field-postmodernism. But through the information on the Internet, Xiaohe saw that postmodernism is still a marginal existence, and it has not even become a reality in the West. There is a simple reason. Now it is modern, and it has not entered the "postmodern" era at all. Ah, so the definition of postmodernism is as follows: "Postmodernism is an artistic, social, cultural and philosophical trend of thought that occurred in Europe and America in the 1960s and was popular in the West in the 1970s and 1980s. Its essence is to abandon the basic premise of modernity and its normative content. In post-modern art, this abandonment is manifested in rejecting modernist art as an independent value to divide cultural fields, and rejecting modernist formal restriction principle and partisan principle. Its essence is an intellectual's anti-rationalism, moral cynicism and emotional hedonism. " Haha, this definition really convinced Xiaohe, there is nothing to say. This definition can even explain some extreme art, haha, is extreme art itself a form of postmodernism? Xiaohe will continue to study in the future.

There are no incomplete documents on the internet, and Xiaohe can finally fill the gap with extravagance (the implication is that Xiaohe finally doesn't have to worry about being overthrown by authoritative materials and snickering)

Move out of Xiaohei's "Apple Theory" again. Haha:

Xiaohei saw a post-modern photographic work in Reader magazine a few years ago. I forgot that the picture was a basket of beautiful apples, but strangely, every apple was bitten by "heartless"! China readers are puzzled by this good apple.

There are three apples in front of you. Which apple is really nice?

A red flawless apple

Half an apple cut with a knife.

A bitten apple.

Let's analyze these three apples in turn. A is the perfect apple. It represents aesthetics. What we see is an apple with impeccable quality, outline and color. But we only see the skin of this apple. We can't see its internal structure at all. If an apple is only used for seeing and satisfying vision, it will eventually rot and waste. Of course, perfectionists can't accept a moldy dirty apple. A few days later, a sanitation worker asked, "Who destroyed this apple!" Perfectionists, you should run away before the apples rot.

B is a processed semicircular apple, which can be cut with a knife or a knife, which determines that it can be beautiful or incomplete. We see a semicircle apple, one side is red and the other side is bright green. If you cross-cut, you can also see a five-pointed star (the cross section of the apple core is a five-pointed star shape). We get a semicircular apple with two colors and a five-pointed star. The world inside the apple skin. However, what is a knife? Knife is an expensive artificial product. Cutting apples with a knife is an anti-aesthetic means. The cut apple is regular, stiff, completely unnatural and has no graceful curve, so B is a work of art with three parts beautiful and seven parts artificial. ..

C is a badly damaged apple, a broken apple. What we see is not only an irregular circle, two colors, an irregular five-pointed star (that is, a polygonal star or an open polygon), but also a three-dimensional impression of the internal structure of the apple. Flowing apple juice, we also saw tears! However, behind the tears is the memory of a perfect apple from your eyes to your heart. An apple was destroyed, and you finally planted an apple tree. After a year of suffering, you got a basket of perfect apples. Finally, I ask you a question. Would you like to take a bite of every apple in the basket? Having said that, I believe that you not only took a bite of an apple to satisfy your hunger, but also tasted bitter more than sweet.

So what is mutilation?

Incompleteness is to achieve more real beauty than aestheticism through anti-aestheticism.

Aestheticism has come to the end of triviality, affectation and superficiality. Only by chopping the incompleteness violently can the essence of beauty be exposed again.

Incompleteness successfully transforms beauty from concreteness to concept. If you want to hug God but can't climb up, I will collapse heaven for you and realize your wish.

Thus, the incomplete line is a dialectical line.

Dragging God down to heaven is not to kill him, but to hug him.

Anti-god is not to create hell, but to liberate mankind.

Hell is not created to destroy the world, but to spur mankind to move on.

-Destroying the world is creating a new world!

"No one is perfect"-this is an incomplete material basis! !

Can people pursue perfection? No. Then why pursue an impossible goal? Are you avoiding your own shortcomings? Face, accept and finally respect your own shortcomings. This is an incomplete attitude.

If we extend the apple theory a little, we can still get an apple. D. A rotten apple was eaten crazily by a person, and he still refused to give up until his mouth was bitten and bleeding. How do you feel that this apple is extreme art? Everyone has an answer.

Finally, at the end of this paper, I wrote a classic sentence with incomplete color:

"Killing infidels is not murder, but the road to heaven" —— Classic Imperfectism

Extremism = Imperfectism+Surrealism

Why can extreme art give people a strong shock and even a sense of reality, causing misunderstanding and even accusations? I believe that extremists have the experience of listening to extreme music in the middle of the night and being scared to sleep. The abyss was frightened by Nott, who was buried in bad luck. I was frightened by the witch's resentment, and my classmates were frightened by the horror in my MP3. Haha, these music are great. What is the reason and contribution? Surrealism.

"Surrealism:

"Dada" has been constantly opposed and destroyed. Bleton thought that constructive ideas should be put forward further, so he broke away from Dada and published the Surrealism Declaration in 1924.

Inspired by Freud (a psychologist), Surrealism devotes itself to exploring people's subconscious and instinct, holding that reality is illusory, and people often live between reality and fantasy (dreams). Art should integrate the concept of reality with instinct, subconscious and dream experience in order to achieve an absolute or transcendental real situation. At first, we discovered the inner unknowable mystery through hypnosis and psychic experiments, and then described the unreal situation (illusion), trying to get rid of the rational control and simply record the unconscious situation in the depths of the soul.

The creative technique is as follows:

1. In reality, irrelevant things are juxtaposed in an indicative way. (For example: Kirikh's love song)

2. Something dissected, reassembled or deformed. (For example, the soft building structure and cooked broad beans in Dali-civil war prediction)

3. Create a blurred image and the duality of graphics. (For example, Dali's reflection becomes an elephant's swan)

4. Weird events in the real world. (For example: Margaret's lover)

5. Take something away from its normal position to make it lose its function or express other meanings. (such as Margaret's Gorita)

6. Turn reality into a symbol. (such as Milo's farm)

7. Application of automation technology. (For example, Ma Song's sand painting-scattering sand on the canvas at will) "