There are three forms to refute wrong and reactionary arguments:
(1) directly refute each other's arguments. First point out the absurd arguments of the other side, then directly refute them with correct truth and conclusive facts, revealing the contradiction between lies and facts, absurdity and truth. In some articles, it is first proved that the argument opposite to the enemy's argument is correct, thus proving that the enemy's argument is wrong.
2 refute each other's arguments by refuting each other's arguments. Argument is the basis of argument, which proves the argument. Wrong reactionary arguments are often based on wrong arguments. If the argument is refuted, it will be untenable.
(3) refute the other party's argument by refuting the fallacy of the other party's argument process (refuting its argument). Refuting the key issues in his argument also refutes the fallacy.
There are three methods of refuting papers: refuting arguments, refuting arguments and refuting arguments. Counterargument is a higher level than the first two.
Although there are two ways of argumentation and refutation, they are not completely separated. Refutation and establishment are dialectical unity. In argumentative writing, sometimes we have to refute the wrong argument; In refuting an article, it is generally necessary to clarify the correct point of view while refuting the wrong argument. Therefore, argumentation and refutation are often combined in argumentative writing.
The difference between direct refutation and indirect refutation
(1) if the direct argument, it is a direct rebuttal.
(2) If you refute the argument through various arguments, it is an indirect rebuttal.
(3) If the center is demonstrated through argumentation from beginning to end, it is a typical rebuttal, such as Lu Xun's On the Surprise of Friends.
In short, when writing an argumentative essay, we should also pay attention to the following points:
Aim at the target. To write an argumentative essay, we must first set out the fallacies or reactionary views of the other side and set goals. How to set goals? There are usually two methods. The first is an overview. That is, retelling the refuted enemy theory in popular language. And also emphasized the disadvantages of the enemy theory. When summing up, you can quote some original words appropriately, but it should be focused and the tendency should be clear. The second is the quotation. That is, extract the key parts or related parts of negative materials, and then refute them against the target. You can quote some typical examples and classic famous sentences. Prove your point more forcefully.
(2) Grasp the key points. Lu Xun said: "It is the key to' discussing the enemy'. It only takes one blow to cause fatal harm to people." We must grasp the reactionary nature of fallacies and heresies and expose and criticize them in depth.
③ Pay attention to discretion. We must distinguish between the enemy's counter-revolutionary fallacies and the wrong ideas among the people. Expose the enemy mercilessly, denounce the enemy and give a fatal blow; We must adhere to the principle of "unity-criticism-unity" for erroneous ideas among the people, and we must never compare them.
The term common topic in classical literature refers to conversation or exchange of ideas. Nowadays, papers are often used to refer to articles that carry out scientific research and describe scientific research results, which are referred to as papers for short. It is not only a means to discuss problems in scientific research, but also a tool to describe scientific research achievements for academic exchange. Including academic papers, graduation papers, dissertations, scientific papers, achievement papers, etc. , collectively referred to as the paper.
A paper generally consists of title, author, abstract, keywords, text, references and appendices, some of which (such as appendices) are dispensable.
Title of paper
Requirements are accurate, concise, eye-catching and novel.
catalogue
A table of contents is a short list of main paragraphs in a paper. (Essays don't need to be listed in the table of contents)
abstract
It is an excerpt from the main content of the article, which requires short and concise content.
1, first establish an argument. This paper focuses on this argument. The statement that "opening a book is beneficial" can neither be completely denied nor completely refuted; It is also inappropriate to be sure of everything and write a paper. Because this statement has its right side. There are also some places that are not comprehensive enough. We should adopt the method of "splitting into two" to analyze this view, affirm its beneficial side, deny its harmful side, and sum up the correct argument from it. Only in this way can we make a factual evaluation of this statement and finally achieve the purpose of convincing people by reasoning.
2. Analyze with the method of "one divides into two" to prevent such a problem: self-contradiction. In an instant, opening the book is beneficial, and in an instant, opening the book is harmful and confusing. In order to avoid this phenomenon, it is necessary to point out the connection between the two in the article in order to truly explain the truth.
3. From the argument method, if the book you read is not good, it may not be good to open it. Here, we can take examples, supplemented by citations and metaphors, take the flood of pornographic books in society in previous years as factual arguments and famous sayings as theoretical arguments to fully demonstrate the harm of pornographic books and the benefits of reading good books. On this basis, the two are unified in the right way. It shows that we middle school students should not only read more books, but also choose carefully and read good books. In this way, from both positive and negative arguments, the problem will be more comprehensive and profound, and the article will have irrefutable logical power.
Introduction: This is a composition of materials. Although this topic stipulates the composition topic, it still leaves a lot of room for students to think. From the stylistic point of view, writing an argumentative essay is the best choice. Students can talk about their own views from the aspects of right and wrong, attitude towards life, and spirit of scholarship, and elaborate their own views and opinions. To write a good argumentative essay, we must do the following three things:
1, confirm the argument. According to the materials provided by the proposer, many viewpoints can be extracted from different angles, but a 600-word essay cannot cover everything. So we must choose an argument and fully demonstrate it.
2. Choose a good argument. Argument can fully prove the argument, and the choice of argument should follow two principles: ① it is true and conclusive, and there can be no false elements; (2) It is typical and persuasive, and can play a great role.
3. Organizational argumentation structure. The most commonly used structure is generally "asking questions (introduction)-analyzing questions (papers)-solving problems (conclusions)".