An important task of your new rural construction is to provide for the aged in rural areas. Since 1990, the number of landless peasants has far exceeded 40 million. These "landless peasants" have lost their original land security, so they are not equal to the traditional "peasants", but they have not enjoyed the treatment of citizens. In particular, the social security problem of landless peasants has not been well solved, and the old-age security is the most urgent. (Reported by Dahe.com on August 25, 2008)
With the acceleration of China's urbanization process, a large number of farmers have left the countryside, left the land and moved to cities and non-agricultural industries, which has brought great impact to the traditional rural land and family pension model. These farmers and family members who have joined the ranks of urbanization urgently need to study and come up with effective measures to solve the problem of old-age care, which is their livelihood problem and a major problem to be solved by the party and the government in accelerating social construction focusing on improving people's livelihood.
Rural pension in China has always been a model with land and family as the core under the condition of small-scale peasant economy. However, with the advancement of social transformation and urbanization, the social mobility between urban and rural areas has accelerated unprecedentedly, and a large number of farmers have left their land and families to engage in non-agricultural occupations in cities. Due to market and policy reasons, the problem of providing for the aged of peasants in cities has not been well solved, which is mainly reflected in the problem of providing for the aged of landless peasants and the problem of providing for the aged of "empty nest families" whose rural children work in cities. First of all, the problem of providing for the aged for landless peasants poses a great challenge to the traditional land-based pension model. In traditional society, land is the source of farmers' life and old-age security. In the process of urbanization, a new social group-landless peasants has emerged.
Secondly, with the continuous advancement of urbanization, a large number of young farmers flow to cities, and rural "empty nest families" challenge the traditional family pension model. According to statistics of relevant departments, at present, there are more than 654.38+0.3 billion migrant farmers in China. Left-behind parents become empty-nest families, and there are some problems in their financial resources, life care and psychological comfort. Urbanization is the inevitable trend of China's modernization development. By the end of 2006, the proportion of urban population in China has reached 44%. China will fully realize modernization in the 1950s, and by then, the urbanization rate of China will also increase to about 75%. This means that from now on, the urbanization rate of China will increase by one percentage point every year, that is, every year,130,000 rural people leave the land, leaving the countryside and moving to cities. Therefore, we should consider the issue of rural old-age care from a strategic perspective and from the perspective of urban and rural planning.
Obviously, the problem of providing for the aged of landless peasants can not be solved by providing for the aged in a proper way. We must explore new ways of providing for the aged, and all localities have some experience in this respect: perfecting the policy of "land for security" and establishing the basic old-age security system for landless farmers. "Land for security" refers to the establishment of a basic old-age security system for landless farmers by determining a certain amount from land acquisition funds. China's urbanization is dominated by the government. For farmers, land loss is passive, and the government has the responsibility to establish a social security system for land-lost farmers. However, due to the current low level of economic development, it is not feasible to rely entirely on the state financial allocation for the funds of the old-age security system for landless farmers. Therefore, the government, the collective and the individual should share the responsibility. Part of the collective investment mainly comes from the following two aspects: first, part of the land compensation fees obtained by the Nakamura collective economic organization in the process of land acquisition. The second is the income of rural collective assets, including the value assets recovered in the reform of collective assets, equity income and lease income. Personal investment mainly comes from land compensation fees, resettlement subsidies, young crops subsidies and other land acquisition compensation income and farmers' daily economic accumulation. This financing mode is in line with the current reality and has certain operability, so it has become a widely used endowment insurance model for landless farmers in many places.
Directly into the urban endowment insurance system, into the urban employee endowment insurance system. Land-lost farmers are marginal groups different from "farmers" (farmers in the pure sense) and urban residents. They no longer enjoy land security, nor can they enjoy the minimum living security like urban residents. Therefore, after losing the most basic living security-land, farmers should become urban residents, be included in the social security system of urban residents, and enjoy the minimum living security like urban residents. Fundamentally relieving farmers' worries about providing for the aged after losing their land can greatly reduce the urbanization resistance brought by providing for the aged. At the same time, "landless peasants" will eventually be included in the category of urban residents, providing them with old-age security, which is conducive to the smooth connection between urban and rural old-age security and paving the way for the establishment of a basic old-age security system integrating urban and rural areas.
Continue to be included in the rural old-age insurance system. In some economically developed rural areas, the conditions of old-age insurance are relatively perfect. If the land-expropriated farmers have participated in rural social old-age insurance before land expropriation, they can continue to be included in the original rural old-age security system with the consent of the land-expropriated farmers. No matter from the traditional or current legal provisions, in rural areas of China, family pension is still the most important way of providing for the aged, and the elderly in rural areas still depend on their children to a considerable extent. However, this kind of family support for the elderly, which has lasted for thousands of years, has been challenged in the current urbanization process. The "empty nest family" brought by rural urbanization in China has been unable to call the traditional family pension model.
In the long run, we should accelerate the promotion of rural social endowment insurance and gradually realize the socialization of rural endowment insurance. Empty nesters can no longer rely on the support of their families, but must rely more on the strength of the state and the community. Socialized old-age care is a system that adapts to modern society and can effectively spread risks. At present, the elderly in rural areas in China still rely on the support of their families to a great extent, and their children's going out to work often cannot bring good financial assistance, life care and spiritual comfort, which means that the left-behind empty nesters are more risky and unpredictable if they rely solely on the support of their families. China's rural endowment insurance has been implemented in China for more than ten years. Although most areas have encountered many difficulties at present, with the development of rural economy, as long as we constantly sum up experiences and lessons, combine with rural reality, and constantly adjust and improve, it will be an effective institutional guarantee to solve the problem of providing for the aged in rural empty-nest families.
Strengthen the guidance to rural communities and give full play to the role of communities in providing daily care and spiritual comfort for empty nesters. Article 35 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly stipulates: "Develop community services and gradually establish service facilities and outlets such as life services, cultural and sports services, disease care and rehabilitation that meet the needs of the elderly. Encourage and support social volunteers to serve the elderly. " At present, China's dual social structure still exists, and it is difficult for the government to bear the huge cost of rural old-age security for a while. Under the condition that the function of rural family pension security is weakened, community pension service is a better transitional form of rural social pension security. On the one hand, it can promote the socialization of family security function; On the other hand, it can serve as a bridge between "social security system and urban-rural integration" and lay a solid foundation for establishing a unified social security system. Living in the community, the elderly have a sense of regional belonging, participation and psychological identity. They are easy to accept all kinds of old-age services provided by the community, such as daily food, shelter, transportation, regular physical examination, medical and health care services, fitness and entertainment activities, mental and psychological health activities, first aid services and so on. These can be popularized in the vast rural areas.
Tap the mutual assistance potential of rural communities. As Fei Xiaotong said, the rural community in China is "a' familiar' society, a society without strangers". There are frequent contacts and close interpersonal relationships in the same village and neighborhood. This naturally formed community based on consanguinity and geographical relationship has a strong cohesion, which can better mobilize community members to carry out mutual support for the elderly and realize the optimal allocation and rational utilization of old-age resources, so it can play a huge positive role in economic mutual assistance, life care and reducing loneliness of empty nesters.
It should be noted that the continuous advancement of urbanization in China is an irreversible development trend. Farmers will lose their land and leave the countryside faster, and the number of "empty nest families" in rural areas will continue to increase. Helping landless peasants and empty-nesters in rural areas to solve the problem of providing for the aged is the need of the healthy development of urbanization in China, and it is also an important task for China to cope with the challenge of aging population, which is of great significance for realizing urban-rural overall planning, scientific development and building a harmonious society. Rural endowment insurance system. Under the dual structure of urban and rural areas, the social security level of the elderly in rural areas is much lower than that in cities and towns. Starting from 1990, the rural old-age insurance system is started, and farmers voluntarily pay the old-age insurance premium into individual old-age accounts, which is a different model of urban social old-age insurance. However, due to the long-term failure to solve the problem of maintaining and increasing the value of endowment insurance premiums and how to improve the overall level, the scale of rural endowment insurance has not expanded. By the end of 2006, the number of rural endowment insurance participants in China was 53.74 million. According to the one-time sampling survey of the elderly population in urban and rural areas in China Aging Science Research Center in 2000, only 1.5% of the rural elderly enjoy social insurance pension. Rural social assistance system. Rural social assistance consists of five-guarantee system, destitute assistance system, medical assistance system and minimum living security system.
Face up to the problem of providing for the aged of landless peasants
This year, Shandong Province will comprehensively establish a basic living security system for landless farmers. Before the second quarter of this year, cities should carry out pilot projects in at least one county (city, district) and roll them out at the end of the year. It is reported that the objects included in the scope of protection include registered personnel who are legally approved to implement land contracting rights in urban planning and have less agricultural land per capita after losing their land. Where conditions permit, independent industrial and mining areas other than urban planning areas and national key engineering construction areas can be included in the scope of protection. For eligible landless peasants who have reached the age of 60 for men and 55 for women, the endowment insurance premium shall be paid in one lump sum or in installments according to local measurement standards, and personal accounts and overall accounts shall be established. The payment targets are men over 60 and women over 55. (Qilu Evening News reported in March 19)
Providing pensions for landless farmers in Shandong Province not only reflects the government's due goodwill, but also serves as a "lubricant" to resolve various social contradictions and is an effective measure to protect farmers' legitimate rights and interests. Such a system is a long-awaited "gospel" for farmers.
The news that landless peasants receive pensions has never been heard before. For a long time, due to the needs of national key projects and municipal construction, the traditional practice of land expropriation by the state is often to give one-time compensation. After compensation, subsidies and assistance are no longer required, resulting in the loss of basic living security for landless farmers. The compensation received by farmers has been deducted seven or eight times, which has always been a small part of farmers' hands. Farmers who lost their land felt the pressure of life and shouldered a heavy economic burden. Many people began to petition when they were desperate, which constituted an unstable factor in society.
It is undoubtedly an effective means to resolve this social risk that landless farmers receive pensions. Doing so is the concrete embodiment of a "responsible government" and the proper meaning of the topic of "loving the people". Our government is closely related to the people and is a "people-friendly government". The government will not sit idly by and ignore the reasonable demands of the people. The government has the responsibility and obligation to help landless farmers solve their difficulties. Ignoring the interests of the people is not the attitude adopted by a responsible government. It is the unshirkable responsibility and obligation of governments at all levels to face up to the livelihood security of landless peasants, and it is also the concrete action to implement the "Theory of Three Represents". Establishing such a system is conducive to improving the credibility of the government.
Secondly, the establishment of the pension system for landless peasants has undoubtedly given the majority of landless peasants a "reassurance", which is conducive to the development of various government work. In the past, many places had obvious conflicts with farmers' interests in municipal construction and demolition, and were repeatedly blocked. The reason is largely related to the imperfection of farmers' old-age insurance system. Land is the material basis for farmers' survival. Losing land means that farmers have lost their source of livelihood. Farmers' concerns are justified. If they don't face up to the problem of farmers' pension, the land acquisition will be frustrated. The establishment of the old-age pension system for landless farmers has relieved the worries of farmers, and the livelihood of farmers has been reliably guaranteed, which will be much smoother in the future.
Third, it is conducive to social stability and reasonable institutional arrangements, in line with historical development trends. With the acceleration of urbanization in China, more and more farmers will lose their land in the future. It doesn't matter if farmers lose their land. The key is to arrange their lives in time and relieve the worries of landless farmers in time. The future society is a society with perfect social security. Not only urban people can enjoy social security, but rural people should also enjoy social security, which is the inevitable trend of social progress and development. Establishing the endowment insurance system for landless peasants in time is conducive to social stability and people's living and working in peace and contentment.
The future society is a society that guarantees all kinds of human rights, and there will be fewer and fewer violations of farmers' legitimate rights and interests in the future. The establishment of a pension system for landless peasants is a strong evidence that the human rights situation of farmers in China has been improved. In this sense, the practice of Shandong Province is worth learning and popularizing.
The problem of providing for the aged of migrant workers deserves attention.
Zhang Jianguo, a 38-year-old migrant worker in Donghu Village, Shenchi County, has worked as a coolie in a construction company in Taiyuan for seven years. Although his monthly income is only 800 yuan, he still thinks that the city is better than the countryside, where he may face the loess all his life. His only worry is that he is young and strong now, but what should he do when he is old? Accustomed to urban life, I don't want to go back to the countryside, but the city has no possibility for him to support the elderly.
Zhang Jianguo's worry is the hidden worry that migrant workers have to face at present-rural areas can't afford to provide for the aged, and cities refuse to provide for the aged. "Raise children to prevent old age and accumulate food to prevent hunger." Farmers' pension mainly depends on family children's support or land income. These two traditional ways are difficult for migrant workers to provide for the elderly. Due to the implementation of family planning for decades, the "four-two-one" family model and raising children are really unbearable. There are a large number of people in rural areas, even if they are strong laborers, it is difficult to maintain food and clothing by relying entirely on land, and it is even more difficult for the elderly to rely on land for old-age care. There are still quite a few people who do not have contracted land, so it is unrealistic to rely on land to support the elderly.
In recent years, some cities and counties in our province have formulated policies to require migrant workers to participate in social endowment insurance, but the system design has a high threshold for payment and it is difficult to connect in different places. Most business owners don't buy if they can avoid it, and buy less if they can't avoid it. At present, there is a big contradiction between the regional overall planning of endowment insurance funds and the cross-regional flow of migrant workers. Some municipal social security departments stipulate that after the termination of the labor contract, urban residents can continue to pay the old-age insurance premium in their own names and maintain the old-age insurance relationship, while rural residents cannot. Some migrant workers constantly change their workplaces and units. Only by constantly enrolling, surrendering, re-enrolling, and re-surrendering, can it be difficult to cross the threshold of accumulated payment 15 years, and they can enjoy old-age insurance, even if they pay more every month during their work.
Farmers who go out to work have a sense of security, and they may become urban vagrants, bringing a series of social problems. Our province has stepped into an aging society, and the elderly population over 60 years old has reached 4.05 million. At present, the number of migrant workers over 46 in the province accounts for about 35% of the total, and they gradually return to the countryside because of their old age, with a number of millions. If the problem of providing for the aged is not solved now, it will become an unbearable financial burden in the future, which will affect the construction of a harmonious society.
The reporter suggested that our province should establish a labor and employment registration system for migrant workers as soon as possible, formulate social endowment insurance regulations for migrant workers, fully consider the characteristics and interests of migrant workers, and actively explore and formulate flexible policies. Let migrant workers transfer their relationship to new work units smoothly and conveniently after the enterprise terminates the labor contract, so that the endowment insurance can be continued. And appropriately lower the threshold for participating in endowment insurance and mobilize their enthusiasm for participating in insurance. At the same time, it is necessary to follow the principle of unifying the policy of urban residents and migrant workers and forcing enterprises to pay endowment insurance for migrant workers, so as to realize the overall planning of social endowment insurance in the province. Establish a convenient and reasonable transfer and connection mechanism of social endowment insurance across cities and counties, such as implementing computer networking in the whole province and issuing endowment insurance cards circulating in the whole province like bank cards, so that migrant workers can pay insurance premiums and receive pensions with their cards no matter where they are transferred, so that migrant workers can really feel safe.
Who will care about farmers' pension?
"I finally entered the detention center: I am fine here, I have gained weight 10 kg."
An article entitled "The 69-year-old man is robbed and imprisoned to provide for the elderly" is widely circulated, but it also causes the society to think about this issue.
Fu Daxin, 69, robbed two passengers with a knife in Beijing Station Square.
Different from other robbers, he didn't run away after the robbery, but waited for the robbed person to shout in order to attract the police to arrest him. When accepting the trial, Fu Daxin asked the police handling the case to write the charges more seriously; When the judge announced that Fu Daxin was sentenced to two years in prison for robbery, he actually thought that the sentence was too light and asked the judge to try it again.
The reason why I want the judge to give me a few more years is to support the elderly in prison!
Recently, in the context of the financial crisis, the government has issued a series of new policies on urban old-age insurance, which has reduced the burden of urban residents on the issue of old-age insurance, and the use of old-age insurance in different places has increased flexibility and facilitated urban residents. But while we try our best to solve the problem of urban residents through policies, who will care about the problem of farmers' pension?
Farmers still account for the majority of our population. The problem of farmers is still a basic problem. In recent years, especially the current government has introduced a series of policies to benefit farmers every year, but the breakthrough progress of rural social security system is far from enough. Take today's policy as an example. Farmers and urban residents enjoy unequal treatment.
First, urban residents can retire and receive pensions and retirement pensions after retirement, but as farmers, they have no social security. They can only spend their old age on their children and their own savings. Some people say that farmers have no land, but when farmers are faced with the problem of providing for the aged, how many people still have the ability to farm? Besides, urban residents can retire after 60, while farmers have to rely on their own labor to support themselves after 60, which is unfair. It is not difficult to understand why it is difficult for farmers to change the concept of having boys in the family line.
Second, the government provides low-income assistance to urban residents. According to the current standards, the minimum monthly income is around 500 yuan, and there are several thousand yuan of living security every year. The farmers are basically blank, that is, there are very few people with subsistence allowances, and they also benefit from the accidental behavior of the government. Just like the parties in this incident, they only get 600 yuan money a year when they apply for assistance, and the average daily income is less than 1.6 yuan. How can they live?
Third, the occurrence of this incident once again shows that there are great problems in the government's petition mechanism. At present, data show that more than 90% of people's livelihood problems cannot be fed back through letters and visits, which is because the government's inaction or untimely action eventually leads to the aggravation of such problems. For a long time, it has been known that high-level government officials will not attach importance to it unless they take drastic measures. Just as we often see in various media that migrant workers can only get their wages back if they jump off a building, this is also the reason why the credibility of local governments is declining at present, and it will also lead to such extreme social problems. The parties involved in this incident are now cracking down. They obviously want the government to know the situation of farmers like him and get attention through this incident.
For thousands of years, farmers in China have lived a comfortable life, that is, they have ample food and clothing. Survival is the most basic problem. Solving the problem of farmers is a systematic problem. Simply raising farmers' income or solving a problem, more importantly, we should not only draw cakes for farmers' brothers, but also implement these measures to benefit farmers and really benefit farmers.
Is the fundamental way to completely solve the worries of farmers.