Adults' acquisition of a second language is different from that of the first language. Before adults come into contact with a foreign language, a large number of mother tongue concepts have been formed in their minds, thus forming certain thinking patterns and language habits. In the process of acquiring a foreign language, they will naturally use a lot of mother tongue knowledge to help them understand and use a foreign language. Because mother tongue and foreign language are similar in some basic concepts and daily usage, learners can master foreign languages by using their mother tongue to some extent. For example, with a certain vocabulary foundation, learners can easily translate some sentences. For example, "He teaches me English": He teaches me English. "China is a beautiful country": China is a beautiful country, etc. This kind of mother tongue transfer is not uncommon in the learning process, especially in the primary stage, which is of great help to learners in using foreign languages in practice. However, with the deepening of study, we will find that although many people can speak a fluent foreign language, there are still many obstacles in understanding and expressing when communicating with foreigners. The reason is that we always use foreign languages according to the way of thinking and usage habits of China people. In other words, mother tongue has negative transfer in this communication process. To sum up, the common negative transfer is that pragmatic failure is the negative transfer caused by learners applying the pragmatic meaning of a word or a structure from their mother tongue to a foreign language. For example, "Please turn on the TV." -China students are used to using Open in all "open" occasions in China. In addition, it is a similar mistake to describe reading as "reading a book" or taking medicine as "taking medicine". Obviously, the mistakes are caused by the blunt translation between Chinese and English under the influence of mother tongue.