Application of microorganisms in pets Key words: Microbial Deodorization Probiotics Abstract: Microbial Deodorization technology is to purify sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing malodorous gases in domestic sewage, domestic garbage and malodorous gases emitted by pets by using the efficient adsorption, absorption and degradation of special microorganisms that can transform or degrade malodorous substances, and transform malodorous components such as hydrogen sulfide, mercaptan and ammonia into harmless and tasteless substances. Probiotics are bacteria that are beneficial to animals. They can be directly used as food additives to maintain the balance of intestinal flora. Microbial Deodorization Technology Microbial Deodorization is a deodorizing technology developed in 1950s. Microbial deodorization technology is to use the efficient adsorption, absorption and degradation of special microorganisms that can transform or degrade malodorous substances, purify malodorous gases such as sulfur and nitrogen discharged from domestic sewage and domestic garbage, and transform malodorous components such as hydrogen sulfide, mercaptan and ammonia into harmless and odorless substances, so as to improve air quality and protect people's health. 2. 1 development of biological deodorization The earliest report on the treatment of malodor by microorganisms is the American patent "Treating H2S waste gas by soil microorganisms" by R.D.Pancray in 1957. After 1970s, many countries began to carry out extensive research in this field, among which Japan and Germany made the most remarkable achievements. The main research contents include the basic principle and method of deodorization, equipment and operating process conditions, microbial population that degrades odor, the conditions for forming biofilm on the surface of filler and the composition of biological adsorbent. Since 1980s, some foreign products and equipment used for microbial deodorization have been applied in metallurgy, petroleum, chemical industry, slaughter and sewage treatment, and achieved remarkable results. Effective microbiota is a new compound microbial preparation developed by Professor Gabi Akio of Ryukyu University in Japan. The deodorization effect on the environment is obvious, which may be related to the existence of photosynthetic bacteria in the effective microbial population. Photosynthetic bacteria, as beneficial bacteria, on the one hand inhibit the growth of spoilage bacteria, improve the decomposition pathway of organic matter, reduce the release of NH3 and H2S and the production of amines; On the other hand, it can use H2S as a hydrogen acceptor and consume H2S, thus reducing the stench in the environment and reducing the breeding of mosquitoes and flies. 2.2 Principle of Microbial Deodorization Once the active groups of malodorous substances are oxidized, the odor disappears. It is generally believed that the basic principle of microbial treatment of malodor is the process in which microorganisms absorb malodorous substances in dissolved water into microorganisms themselves and degrade them through microbial metabolic activities. It is basically divided into three processes: ① the dissolution process of malodorous gas, that is, the mass transfer process from gas phase to liquid phase; (2) Water-soluble odor is absorbed by microorganisms through their cell walls and cell membranes, while water-insoluble odor first adheres to the outside of microorganisms, and tiny extracellular enzymes secreted by microorganisms decompose into soluble substances and then penetrate into cells; (3) After the odor enters the cells, it is decomposed and used as nutrients by microorganisms in the body, thus removing the odor. The biodegradation of malodorous substances is the rate-limiting stage of this process, which shows that microorganisms are at the core of biological deodorization. Metabolites produced after digestion and absorption of malodorous substances by microorganisms are used as nutrients for other microorganisms to continue to absorb and digest, and malodorous substances are gradually degraded through this cycle. Fungi grow fast, and the formed mycelium web can effectively increase the contact area with gas, which is suitable for insoluble odor. According to the principle of microbial deodorization, microbial deodorization is the result of the interaction of many microorganisms. The interaction of various microorganisms is more conducive to the absorption and decomposition of malodorous harmful gases, such as SO2, H2S and CH4. At the same time, these microorganisms can produce inorganic acids, form an acidic environment that is not conducive to the survival of corrupt microorganisms, and fundamentally degrade substances that produce malodorous gases when decomposed. (1) Nitrogen removal and deodorization biological nitrogen removal method is widely used, with a wide range of substrates, and the product is nitrogen without secondary pollution. Including nitration reaction: 2nh4+3o2 = 2no2-+2h2o+4h+,2no2+O2 = 2no3; Denitrification reaction: 2NO3+10h+10e = N2+4h2o+2oh. Nitrifying bacteria can carry out the above biological reactions. An institution in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, can reduce the malodorous gas emitted from chicken coops to a low concentration of15 mg L-1by using microorganisms cultured in soil, fermented chicken manure and activated sludge for only 3.5s seconds. (2) The desulfurization reaction of photosynthetic bacteria is: 2H2S+CO2+hv=2S+H2O+[CH20], H2S+2co2+2h2o+HV = H2SO4+2 [ch20]; The desulfurization reaction of aerobic microorganisms is: 2H2S +O2=2H2O+2S, 2S+3O2+2H2O=2H2S+O4. It was found that H2S was first converted into elemental sulfur and then into sulfuric acid, which was the main product. Sulfur oxidation is divided into neutral, acidic and acidophilic. Isotropic autotrophic bacteria of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans are the main force to remove inorganic sulfur, but there are few strains to remove organic sulfur in nature, most of which are heterotrophic bacteria after mutation treatment, and even less research on anaerobic desulfurization bacteria. High-efficiency desulfurization bacteria were isolated from different habitats abroad. For example, Japanese researchers isolated thiobacillus which can decompose methyl ether from activated sludge. In order to determine the decomposition of methyl ether by bacteria, bacteria were adsorbed on foam plastics and a packed tower deodorizer was used. The linear velocity of empty tower is 0.10m s-1,which has good removal effect on hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and methyl sulfide. Under anoxic conditions, the reactions of combined nitrogen and sulfur removal are as follows: 2H2S+2NO3=SO4+S+N2+ 2H2O, and they will be absorbed faster due to neutralization. Significance and Problems of Microbial Antimicrobial Deodorization In recent years, malodorous pollution will do harm to human body, and countries pay attention to the environmental pollution caused by malodorous pollution, and the research on malodorous control is increasingly active. Although the history of microbial deodorization is still short, and some work is still in the experimental stage, its development potential and application prospect are quite broad because of its incomparable advantages and safety compared with traditional methods. The significance and advantages of microbial antibacterial deodorant technology and microbial antibacterial deodorant in research and application are as follows: (1) Pure green and environmental protection. Because microbial deodorization technology uses the efficient adsorption, absorption and degradation of special microorganisms that can transform or degrade malodorous substances to turn malodorous into tasteless, thus purifying malodorous gases. It does not contain any chemical substances or ingredients of genetically modified products, and will not cause secondary pollution, which represents the development direction of bio-environmental protection industry in the future.

(2) The treatment efficiency is high. The application of microbial deodorization technology has greatly improved its pollution treatment efficiency. Compared with general chemical methods and biological methods, the degradation speed of microbial deodorization technology is 100 times that of traditional methods. When pollutants are put into microbial deodorizer, odor can be quickly removed, water quality can be purified, and indexes such as COD, BOD5 and ammonia nitrogen can be reduced.

(3) wider adaptability. Microbial deodorization technology, especially mixed bacteria microbial deodorant, can reduce the requirements for microbial living conditions, enhance adaptability, reduce filtration, adapt to a variety of temperatures and pH values, and can also play an effective role in low oxygen environment.

(4) More targeted. Microbial deodorization technology can be widely used in different fields, different uses and different polluted environments; And the most effective formula can be specially formulated according to the specific situation of the specific treatment object.

(5) The governance cost is the lowest. Microbial deodorization technology has the characteristics of treating both the symptoms and the root causes. It does not need land acquisition and factory construction, nor does it need to purchase huge equipment. The comprehensive treatment cost and dynamic investment cost are the lowest, and the treatment effect is remarkable. (6) Turn harm into benefit. Previously, people thought that pollutants could not be recycled. Sludge from municipal sewage treatment plants is deodorized by microorganisms to make fertilizers, such as ammonia and ammonium sulfate fertilizers, in which many elements can be absorbed by plants. The utilization rate of organic carbon in sludge is improved; Moreover, deodorizing microorganisms are mostly beneficial bacteria in the soil.

(7) Comparison between microbial deodorant and traditional chemical products. Every chemical product is a highly targeted product, and it will fail when it meets other complex chemical substrates; After using chemical products, there are always chemical residues in water, which may bring side effects or new pollution; Using chemical products can mask the smell, but it can't change the generation, and it can't stop the smell from emitting. Microbial deodorization technology uses natural decomposition and active biochemical action in the process of decomposition, which will not produce the above problems. (8) Compared with the traditional biological purifying agent, microbial deodorizer. Microbial deodorization technology can greatly remove odor, make liquid pollutants and organic substances metabolize quickly, reduce the volume of solid substances and purify pollutants quickly. Microbial deodorization has incomparable advantages over traditional methods, such as high treatment efficiency, no secondary pollution, simple equipment, convenient operation, low cost and convenient management and maintenance. Its development potential and application prospect are very broad. However, due to the limitation of research and development time, there are still many problems to be solved urgently in microbial deodorization, including: ① screening and domestication methods of microbial strains suitable for degrading specific malodorous organic compounds; ② The relationship between the removal rate of malodorous gas and process parameters needs to be quantified; ③ The design, manufacture and construction of devices and equipment need to be large-scale; ④ The treatment of high-concentration malodorous waste gas and complex mixed gas needs to be studied; ⑤ The fermentation process of mixed bacteria needs to be optimized. Types of antibacterial and deodorizing microorganisms The deodorizing strains mainly include photosynthetic bacteria, Acetobacter, Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Yeast, Filamentous fungi and Actinomycetes, accounting for 73 species of microorganisms 12 genus. The main types of deodorizing bacteria are briefly introduced as follows: (1) Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) are a kind of bacteria, including purple sulfur bacteria, green sulfur bacteria, purple non-sulfur bacteria and green non-sulfur bacteria. The facultative anaerobic bacteria isolated in our laboratory are mainly purple non-sulfur bacteria, belonging to monera, photosynthetic heterotrophic prokaryotes, red photosynthetic bacteria, Rhodosporidae, Rhodopseudomonas and Rhodosporidium.

Photosynthetic flora (aerobic and anaerobic), such as photosynthetic bacteria and blue bath. Photosynthetic flora separated from autotrophic microorganisms has the special function of transforming harmful substances into harmless substances. Based on plant secretions, organic substances and harmful gases (hydrogen sulfide, etc.), sugars, amino acids, vitamins, ammonia compounds and physiologically active substances are synthesized. ) and carbon dioxide, ammonia, are the main components of fertile soil and promoting the growth of animals and plants. Metabolites of photosynthetic bacteria can be directly absorbed by plants and can also be used as nutrients for other beneficial microorganisms. Therefore, with the proliferation of photosynthetic bacteria, other beneficial microorganisms also proliferate accordingly. (2) Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a kind of bacteria that can produce a lot of lactic acid from fermentable carbohydrates (mainly glucose). At present, it has been found that this kind of bacteria includes at least 18 genera, mainly including Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus and so on. In this experiment, several kinds of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus were screened. Lactic acid bacteria (anaerobic) produce lactic acid on the basis of ingesting substances such as sugar produced by photosynthetic bacteria and yeast. Lactic acid has a strong bactericidal ability, which can effectively inhibit the activities of harmful microorganisms and the rapid decomposition of organic matter. Lactic acid bacteria can easily decompose lignin and cellulose which are difficult to decompose under normal circumstances, eliminate all kinds of disadvantages brought by undecomposed organic matter, and play an important role in the fermentation and decomposition of organic matter. It transforms immature organic matter into effective nutrients for animals and plants. Another important function of lactic acid bacteria is to inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria caused by continuous cropping obstacles. Generally speaking, if pathogenic bacteria increase, plants will weaken and harmful nematodes will increase sharply. Lactic acid bacteria inhibited the activity of pathogenic bacteria and harmful nematodes gradually disappeared. (3) Pseudomonas species A strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens var. Shaanxi was isolated from soil in this experiment, which has strong antibacterial and deodorizing ability. Pseudomonas fluorescens widely exists in soil and is the dominant flora in plant rhizosphere. Because this kind of bacteria is abundant in the roots of plants, it is also called rhizosphere bacteria. This kind of bacteria is widely distributed, has strong adaptability, fast reproduction speed, is easy to be cultured artificially, and has strong antagonistic effect on a variety of pathogenic bacteria, so it has become the most reported biocontrol bacteria with the greatest biocontrol potential and application value in recent years.

(4) Acidophilic flora (aerobic) It uses organic substances such as amino acids and sugars to produce fermentation power and produce active substances that promote cell division. Yeast colony provides important support for the production of substrates (food) needed to promote the proliferation of other effective microorganisms (such as lactic acid bacteria and actinomycetes). In addition, the single cell protein produced by yeast is an indispensable and effective nutrient for animals. (5) Actinomycetes Actinomycetes (aerobic) is an intermediate form between cells and molds. It uses photosynthetic bacteria as matrix to obtain amino acids, ammonia, etc., and produces various anti-biomass, which can directly inhibit pathogenic bacteria. It can obtain the matrix needed for the reproduction of harmful molds and bacteria in advance, thus inhibiting their reproduction and creating a living environment for the reproduction of other beneficial microorganisms. The bacteriostatic effect of the mixed flora composed of actinomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria is twice that of a single actinomycetes. In addition, the substances decomposed by actinomycetes are easily absorbed by animals and plants, thus enhancing the resistance and immunity of animals and plants to various diseases.

(6) Acetobacter Acetobacter Acetobacter (aerobic) It is a representative microorganism in ammonia synthesis. It absorbs sugar solid nitrogen from photosynthetic bacteria, and then part of it is supplied to plants, and the other part is returned to photosynthetic bacteria, forming a * * * ecology with good aerobic and anaerobic bacterial structure. 4.3 Study on fermentation technology of new microbial antibacterial and deodorizing bacteria; Microbial antibacterial and deodorizing bacteria are a new type of compound microbial active flora. It is a functional group composed of six groups of microorganisms: photosynthetic fungi, acetic acid bacteria, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and Pseudomonas. How to mix aerobic microorganisms and anaerobic microorganisms in a certain proportion to form a variety of microbial communities, each microorganism produces useful substances and their secretions in the growth process, forms substrates and raw materials that grow together, and forms a biological flora with complex composition, stable structure and wide functions through mutual growth and proliferation. Its own production technology shows the world's high-tech level, which is a very complicated problem to be solved. 2. Probiotics Probiotics are environmentally friendly, non-toxic, without side effects and residues. Can prevent and improve intestinal diseases and enhance the immunity of pets. Contains super-active Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus faecalis, Actinomyces, Yeast and nutrients for promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria. It can regulate and maintain the balance of intestinal flora of pets, and has a good effect on improving diseases such as enteritis, diarrhea, loss of appetite, dyspepsia and low immunity. Principle of action: 1, occupying space, producing antibacterial substances: High-activity beneficial bacteria can rapidly grow and reproduce in intestinal mucosa, form a flora barrier to protect the intestine, maintain the advantages of beneficial bacteria, and thus reduce the growth opportunities of bacteria. Probiotics secreted by beneficial bacteria can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of harmful bacteria such as Salmonella, Shigella, Listeria and Escherichia coli, and play a role in preventing and treating various enteritis and digestive tract diseases. 2. Improve immunity: Beneficial bacteria and their metabolites can improve the immunoglobulin concentration and macrophage activity in pets, activate the immune function of the body, and improve the resistance of pets to pathogenic substances (bacteria and viruses), thus reducing the stress response caused by transportation, shock and environmental changes and improving their anti-stress ability. It can supplement the deficiency of maternal antibody for pet cubs and improve the survival rate. It can improve digestion and absorption function and enhance the health level of elderly pets. 3. Detoxification and deodorization: Beneficial bacteria can effectively transform free ammonia (amine) and sulfide in pet intestines, inhibit the growth of spoilage bacteria and inactivate enterotoxin. Therefore, it can greatly reduce the odor of pet excrement and reduce toxins. Thereby achieving the purposes of being beneficial to the health of pets and optimizing the feeding environment. 4, provide nutrition to promote absorption: beneficial bacteria can produce a variety of digestive enzymes, such as amylase, protease. Can synthesize a variety of vitamins, especially B vitamins, and can secrete lactic acid. It is beneficial to the digestion and absorption of pets and improves the utilization rate of calcium, phosphorus and iron in feed for animals. Supplement necessary nutrition to make pets healthier. 5. Produce organic acids and reduce the incidence: Beneficial bacteria can ferment carbohydrates in food to produce organic acids and maintain the acidic environment of pet intestines, thus effectively inhibiting the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria and reducing the incidence of pet intestines. References: Evaluation and Analysis of Microbial Deodorization-Jiangsu Environmental Science and Technology-Han Mei, Han Mei, Analysis of Sewage Microbial Deodorization Technology-Anhui Agricultural Science-Zhou Chunhuo, Qiu, Qi Guanghua, Peng, Microbial Deodorization Technology and Products-Technical Development Trend-None-Preparation of Microbial Deodorization-Today's Technology-Cold