Human freedom and rationality are rooted in people's hearts, not the product of pure speculation. The impulse of freedom lurks in people's hearts. As the realization of the potential of freedom, the requirement of human rationality is the call for freedom. Rationality requires people to break through the status quo and transcend reality in order to complete the pursuit of freedom. Human reason itself contains the subjective spirit of tenacious struggle for freedom. True freedom can't be achieved only by people's natural desires and instinctive impulses. True rational freedom will get rid of the directness of instinctive desire, get rid of the control of willful impulse, and return to the essence of human beings continuously, thus achieving the freedom of truly free people.
Throughout the history of philosophy, the discussion about freedom has never stopped. Every history of philosophy is the result of the strengthening of human freedom and rationality. After thousands of years of debate, the issue of freedom has not been solved, because it is about people. Man himself is full of contradictions and is the unity of natural life and self-help life. On the one hand, man is a member of nature, and like other limited natural creatures, he is restricted by irresistible natural laws. He can live and die, but he cannot extricate himself. On the other hand, people are rational beings. He not only tried to grasp the laws of nature rationally, but also wanted to establish and pursue an ideal beyond his own limitations. From beginning to end, this kind of people are faced with fierce conflicts between finite and infinite, relative and absolute, reality and ideal. In such an embarrassing situation, human freedom and rationality are also facing the same test. In the real world, human beings are constantly trying to get rid of the shackles of nature, society, internal and external, and want to realize the freedom they seek, but people are always in various restrictions. In essence, man's freedom and rationality is opposite to reality and transcends reality. At the same time, freedom must be realized in the real world and depends on reality. From the beginning, freedom and reason have brought mankind into a painful and happy situation. Because of the existence of freedom and rationality, human beings have found their own value and significance, and therefore they are on cloud nine; At the same time, because of the existence of freedom and reason, we find ourselves small and suffer from it.
Second, practice is the foundation of freedom and rationality.
Free reason is not the law of spiritual victory. If we simply talk about free reason without practice, it is easy to fall into a kind of mysticism, thus exaggerating the utility of free reason and the power of idealizing spirit. Free reason can not be separated from people's material perceptual activities. After all, "critical weapon" can't replace "weapon criticism". People's practical activities are not only the process of creating material products, but also the process of producing people themselves.
Practice is the foundation of free reason. Freedom, as a rational pursuit of human beings, is based on human material existence. Free rationality is the essential attribute of human beings, and human beings exist in the form of practice. All contradictions and divisions in the human world will be unified in practice. Practice first meets the requirements of human beings as natural beings to maintain their biological existence. Marx believes that "the first historical activity is to produce materials that meet these needs, that is, to produce material life itself". Man's freedom and rationality cannot be separated from man's "continuous perceptual labor and creation", because this kind of labor production is the foundation of the existing perceptual world. Without practice, freedom and rationality, as the essential attributes of human beings, can only be lost in the material world. Practice creates human beings, and at the same time provides the foundation for the formation of human freedom and rationality. Practice makes people's free rationality break through the limitation of immanence, and makes it develop from abstract concept category into realistic creative behavior.
The development of human practice also provides opportunities and possibilities for the development of freedom and rationality. People are born in practice and develop in practice. Human history is a gradual process, and the development of human freedom and rationality is also a process. The freedom realized by human beings is not groundless, but limited by human practical activities. There is no free reason completely divorced from practice. As a spiritual existence, free reason must be based on material practice.
As the spiritual existence of human beings, free rationality can only be transformed into an objective realistic force through practice. Practice itself is subjective, ideal, spiritual, objective, realistic and material. Only with this dual dimension of practice can human subjectivity be added to objectivity, and subjectivity become the power to transform objectivity; Only in this way can we solve many contradictions and conflicts existing in human beings. Practice makes itself a material force in the form of realistic perceptual activities. The creativity of practice is the fundamental requirement of freedom and rationality. Free rationality requires transcending reality and pursuing continuous development. The whole meaning and value of freedom lies in creation and transcendence. If free reason wants to transcend necessity and reach the kingdom of freedom, it can only rely on practical means. In the process of creating material products, people also create themselves. The essence of every practice is the creation and transcendence of human beings, the promotion of human beings and the approach of human beings to freedom.
Practice is essentially a material critical force, a constant denial of reality. This kind of material criticism and negative power constantly objectifies and externalizes the essential power of human beings, making human freedom and rationality turn from potential to reality.