Appreciation of Du Fu's Shu Xiang
Attachment: Introduction of Lily New Year Channel, the anchor of Poetry Book.
Introduction to the platform, channel and anchor of "Poetry and Books" and the highlights shared by Lily in the past
Shuxiang, a seven-seven melody.
Reciting, chanting and chanting are all good ways to experience the rhythm and rhythm of poetry in lamentation and singing! In chanting, you can unconsciously print the poems you have read in your mind and feel the beauty of the poems at the same time.
The entering tone characters in the picture are indicated by the small black dots in the lower right corner. Let's see if we can find all the entering words quickly. After finding all the entering tones, you can play the game of "marking": draw a horizontal line (or draw a hollow circle below) on all the entering tones, that is, the first and second tones. The meaning of this symbol is flat, but it must be noted that some words with one or two tones are actually Rusheng words, which should be marked as Rusheng words! Then draw a vertical line on all tones (or draw a solid circle below), that is, three tones, four tones and entering tone. This symbol stands for tone. If you can't label yourself, it doesn't matter. You can find every symbol representing flat tone according to the pictures I shared, and mark it on your poem according to it. But I strongly suggest that you challenge yourself and compare it with the photos.
Unconsciously, I have shared four issues about Sichuan with you. Through Du Fu's "Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night" and "Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage", we know Du Fu's life and creation in Chengdu Cottage. Through Li Bai's difficult trip in Shu and Du Fu's recovery of the Yellow River by the imperial army, we can understand the overall geographical position and environment of Sichuan. This is my first time to share five issues in a province! This land in Sichuan is not only geographically special, but also famous for its strong historical color: the ancient Shu civilization in Sanxingdui, the separatist regime that appeared here during the chaos of the world, the desperate resistance of Sichuanese to foreign conquest, the crazy massacre of Zhang Heqing army in Sichuan, and the Sichuan Road Protection Movement that kicked off the Revolution of 1911 ... But the most widely known is undoubtedly the history of Shu in the Three Kingdoms period.
Speaking of Sichuan history, who can't think of Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang? Without them, the history of Sichuan will definitely be missing the most wonderful stroke, which is like talking about Du Fu, and almost no one will not think of Du Fu Caotang in Chengdu. So the two most famous scenic spots in Chengdu are Wuhou Temple and Du Fu Caotang. During my trip to Chengdu this summer vacation, I naturally went to Wuhou Temple to commemorate Zhuge Liang. I lingered for a long time in the Three Wonders Monument, the Civil Servant General Gallery, the Liu Bei Hall, the Zhuge Liang Hall, the famous punching place among network celebrities, and felt the rich cultural atmosphere of the Three Kingdoms.
According to Xiangyang Ji, when Zhuge Liang died, many people asked to build a temple for him, but the court refused. However, the people miss Prime Minister Zhuge very much, and they secretly offer sacrifices to him every year. Later, Zhongshulang and others went to the table and asked to build a temple next to Zhuge Liang's tomb in Mianyang to cut off the private sacrifice. The latter built the first temple for Zhuge Liang in Mianyang. Chengdu Wuhou Temple was first built by Li Xiong in Jin Dynasty when he was king in Chengdu. Later, Huan Wen Pingshu and Chengdu were destroyed, and only Wuhou Temple was intact. Later, after thousands of years of vicissitudes, there have been repeated destruction and reconstruction. The existing Wuhou Temple Scenic Area is a building complex composed of Han Zhaolie Temple, Wuhou Temple, Hui Ling Temple and Sanyi Temple, which was finally formed after the continuous renovation and integration of Ming and Qing Dynasties and the founding of New China. It is the only temple in China where both monarch and minister worship together. It belongs to the cultural heritage protection area of Chengdu Wuhou Temple Museum, and is surrounded by the cultural experience area (that is, the Western District, the former Nanjiao Park) and the Jinli Folk Custom Area.
From the history of the construction and rise and fall of Wuhou Temple, we can clearly see that the admiration of Zhuge Liang by the world for thousands of years, even Liu Bei, the pioneer of Han Shu regime, cannot shake Zhuge Liang's supreme position in people's hearts. In China culture, Zhuge Liang is the embodiment of loyalty and wisdom. Not only the kings of past dynasties greatly admired Zhuge Liang, but also the ordinary people admired Zhuge Liang, the prime minister. In particular, the myth of Zhuge Liang in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, as well as the rendering of Zhuge Liang in literary and artistic works such as opera, television and movies, have made future generations admire Zhuge Liang to an unbounded height. Then why is Zhuge Liang so respected? This is not only because of Zhuge Liang's true achievements and great spirit in history, but also because of various cultural reasons in the process of historical circulation.
One of Zhuge Liang's greatest contributions in history is that he pointed out for Liu Bei in the famous "Longzhong Dui" that "there are advantages in the horizontal, benefits are guaranteed, rock resistance is prosperous, southwest is prosperous, there are sun forces outside, and there are political repairs inside; In Shiyi, he was ordered by a general to lead the Jingzhou army to Wan, Luo and Yizhou with the strategic direction of "three points in the world" in Qinchuan, helping Liu Bei to create a Shu-Han inheritance of "one point in the world".
After Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang played an important role in the Shu-Han regime. In April 223, Liu Chan, aged 17, acceded to the throne, made Zhuge Liang the prime minister, and was the head of Yizhou animal husbandry, and set up a government to manage affairs. From then on, we began to "take responsibility for the defeat of the army and be in danger when ordered" and "regret it too late after being ordered", taking "reviving the Han Dynasty and returning to the old capital" as our responsibility and serving Shu.
I believe everyone is familiar with the position of Prime Minister. Cao, the prime minister of "relying on the emperor to make the princes", and Zhuge, the prime minister of "doing his best to die", can be said to be the prime ministers. However, the prime minister Cao Cao became the spokesman of the "white-faced traitor" in later generations, while the prime minister Zhuge became the model of the encounter and loyalty between the monarch and the minister. Of course, this is due to the facelift in the spread of folk culture, but it does have a solid foundation for the true historical images of these two historical figures.
The Prime Minister Zhuge Liang is unprecedented. Due to Liu Bei's high trust in Zhuge Liang, Liu Chan's juvenile succession and mediocrity, and Zhuge Liang's "national spirit", extremely responsible and dedicated spirit, as well as unparalleled talent and loyalty, the whole country of Shu "has no details in politics, and the salt is determined by the light". He pursued the political ideal of "establishing the Central Plains in the north, eliminating traitors, rejuvenating the Han Dynasty and restoring the old capital" and made five northern expeditions under heavy pressure. Moreover, Zhuge Liang is famous for setting an example, fairness and justice, which makes the Shu regime realize the political clarity of "officials should not be raped, the people should be self-willing, the road should not be picked up, the strong should not invade the weak, and the weathering is awe-inspiring". Not only was he widely loved by the people in Shu, but even his political opponents kept him at a distance.
Zhuge Liang's lofty position in the Shuhan regime and his contribution to the Shuhan regime are hard to find, but Zhuge Liang, who has such a lofty position, always adheres to the principle of being honest and indifferent. Zhuge Liang once earnestly warned in the famous book of precepts: "A gentleman should cultivate himself with gentleness and serenity, and cultivate himself with frugality, and he should not be indifferent and unattainable", which is a true portrayal of his indifference to moral integrity. Although he is not an emperor, he is actually the actual ruler of the Shu-Han regime, and Zhuge Liang does not have much private property. In his letter to Liu Chan, he said, "There are 800 mulberry trees in Chengdu, with 15 hectares of fertile land. The children have enough food and clothes. As for the minister's position outside the country, there is no other scheduling. Take food and clothing, learn to be an official, don't treat students differently, and grow up. If on the day I die, I don't have enough money inside, and I have money outside, so that I can pay my debts to your majesty. " How can such a historical achievement, such a spirit and realm not make people sincerely admire!
In the long river of history, when the stories of the Three Kingdoms are told by people from generation to generation, as Professor Yi Zhongtian analyzed, Jiangshan needs a "loyal minister", a scholar-bureaucrat needs a "model" and the people need an "honest official", and these ideals finally shine on Zhuge Liang, achieving the perfect image of Zhuge Liang's wisdom and loyalty, and finally being pushed to the extreme by the classic historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Zhuge Liang's great talent, world-recognized ability to govern the country and unparalleled loyalty have won him infinite admiration from future generations. Zhuge Liang has so many fans that it is difficult for him to be among them. In the decades-long history of the Shu-Han regime, from the late Liu Chan, Jiang Wan, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, Jiang Wei and other important officials to various courtiers, it can be said that everyone is not a fan of Kong Ming; The word "Prime Minister" is the exclusive title of the Shu-Han Dynasty to Kong Ming, which is what political critics must call and represents the highest political correctness equal to that of the former emperor Liu Bei. Sun Quan wrote in the Official Book of the Alliance between Shu and Wu that "Zhuge's prime minister is far away, he wears his country, is loyal to Yin and Yang, and sincerely moves the world", and praised Zhuge Ke, the nephew of Kongming, as "the prime minister is an auxiliary legacy, and the country enriches the people and punishes them. Although Yi Yin is in heaven, the Duke of Zhou is only at four tables, thousands of miles away. "There is no reserve as a leader. Sima Yan, the Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty who finally unified the Three Kingdoms, is the grandson of Kong Ming's old enemy. The idol of his life is this enemy that scares his grandfather. In a sense, the descendants of Sima Yi conquered the world, but at the same time they obeyed Zhu Gekongming in spirit. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, the Zhuge family of Langya was the most respected family of literati. Jin Dynasty's Ruling Fu Huan Wen's Western Expedition. Passing through the remains of the Eight Arrays in Xiakou, he began to write a poem called Eight Arrays. Pei Du, a famous minister of the Tang Dynasty who helped pacify the buffer region and realize "harmonious rejuvenation", wrote a tablet for the ancestral hall of Zhuge Wuhou, the prime minister of Shu State, outside Wuhou Temple in Chengdu. He thinks that all the sages of past dynasties can have the virtue of monarch, the talent of founding a country, the way of establishing a career and the skill of governing the people. Only Zhuge Gong, the prime minister of Shu, praised Kong Mingke, Yi Yin, Duke Zhou, Guan Zhong and Yan Ying. Yue Fei, a famous Southern Song Dynasty star, burst into tears when he visited Wuhou Temple. He lay on his side and couldn't sleep. He was very excited and wrote a book "Before and After the Model" to express his feelings. He tasted "it is disloyal to watch a model not cry." At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang, facing the collapse of the building, felt the same way about Kongming. In his immortal masterpiece Song of Benevolence and Righteousness, he praised Liezi as "the heroic spirit that makes the devil cry". Song Lian and Fang Xiaoru, famous ministers of the Ming Dynasty, praised Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, but Zhuge Liang "joined Wang Zhidao first". In the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi set the tone. Only Kong Ming, the minister of all previous dynasties, can truly fulfill his "dedication to death before death", while Emperor Qianlong rated Kong Ming as "the first-rate figure under three generations". Zeng Guofan, a famous minister in the late Qing Dynasty, was a scholar and a soldier, with both military and political skills. Throughout his life, he took Zhu Gekongming and Wang Yangming as models and praised "the model of teachers", which is an immortal article with lofty aspirations and difficult situation. It is precisely because of this solid and profound historical and cultural background that the well-known Romance of the Three Kingdoms depicts Zhuge Liang as "a model of sages and an embodiment of wisdom".
Fans of Zhuge Liang among poets are also first-class great poets. In the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Cen Can, Yuan Zhen, Liu Yuxi, Li Shangyin and Wen all wrote poems praising Zhuge Liang. Su Shi, Wang Anshi, Yue Fei and Wen Tianxiang in Song Dynasty also spoke highly of Zhuge Liang in their poems. Lu You, a great poet, is a "die-hard fan" of Zhuge Liang and recites many poems of Zhuge Liang. Li Dongyang, a famous figure in the Ming Dynasty, Yang Shen, a great talent, and Gu, a thinker in the late Ming Dynasty, also wrote poems for Kong Ming.
But among these big-name fans, the great poet Du Fu can be said to be Zhuge Liang's most experienced and pioneering "fan pioneer". I believe that when it comes to reciting Zhuge Liang's poems, most people must first think of Du Fu's Book of Letters, which is also the theme poem I want to share with you in this issue.
The title of this poem is Shu Xiang, which, as the name implies, praises the prime minister of Shu. Moreover, since Liu Chan abolished the post of prime minister after Zhuge Liang's death, Zhuge Liang was also the only prime minister of Shu Han.
The first couplet of the poem "Where is the Mingxiang Temple? Deep in a pine forest near the city of silk. " "Prime Minister's Temple" refers to Wuhou Temple in Chengdu. "Jinguan City" is another name of Chengdu, which I mentioned when I shared with you "Although Jincheng is fun" and "Flowers value Jinguan City". "Bai Sensen" is the lush appearance of cypress trees. Qiu quoted a cloud from The Scholars in Detailed Notes on Du Fu's Poems: "Next to the ancestral temple in Chengdu, there is a temple of Zhuge Hou. There is a big cypress planted by Kong Ming in front of the temple, which is several feet around. There are poems in Duan Wenchang in the Tang Dynasty. " It can be seen that the cypress tree in front of Wuhou Temple is quite eye-catching. These two sentences mean: Where is the ancestral hall of Zhuge Prime Minister? The cypress trees outside Jinguan City are dense and lush.
Zhuan Xu described the scenery in the temple in "Spring Grass Dyes Steps, Birds Singing and Flowers Fragrant". The "reflection step" is the reflection step. Ancient temples and shrines had courtyards and halls, and people had to climb stairs to enter the hall. "emptiness" can be understood as "emptiness" and "solitude", and "good voice" is a pleasant voice, which refers to the chirping of orioles here. The meaning of these two sentences is: the green grass reflects the stone steps to show a piece of spring scenery, and the orioles shuttle among the leaves to make a wonderful sound.
Necklace "The third call made him shoulder state affairs, and he gave his heart to two generations". "Three visits" means that Liu Bei visited Zhuge Liang in the thatched cottage three times. "Constant annoyance" is called "constant", but it is better from the perspective of poetry antithesis, which means worrying about work and worrying. "Opening" is pioneering, "helping" is helping, and "two dynasties" are Liu Bei and Liu Chan. "The two dynasties began economic development" means that Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei to start imperial industry, and later assisted Liu Chan to help the United States help the crisis. These two sentences are as follows: the first master took care of the thatched cottage, the monarch and the minister worked tirelessly for the great cause of the world, and the prime minister Zhuge assisted the first master to create a foundation, helped the latter master overcome difficulties and hardships, and devoted himself to death, exhausting the heart of the old minister.
"But before he conquered, he was dead, and the heroes cried on their coats." The previous sentence refers to Zhuge Liang's many expeditions to attack Wei, but he failed to win. In the twelfth year of Jianxing in Shu, he died in the original army. The "hero" at the end of the sentence has been understood as "a hero in the world, a man with lofty ideals and future generations", and most commentators also think that Du Fu himself should be included, because he is also a man with the ambition to defend his country. However, this time I read the misreading and correction of The Tragedy of Zhi Zhi's Death-Du Fu's Poem and The Hero shed tears from now on. "I think that couplets don't mean that the heroes of later generations in the world shed tears when they thought of the tragedy that Zhuge Liang died before he conquered", but Du Fu imagined that Zhuge Liang was dying when he remembered the unfinished great cause, and he deeply regretted life because he could not trace back to the source of "reviving the Han Dynasty and returning to his old capital". If the last sentence is interpreted as the tears of later heroes in the world, or refers to Du Fu himself, the deep pain and great sorrow of Zhuge Liang's untimely death at the end of his life will not be shown, and the poet Du Fu will never put pen to paper like this. I think this statement is also very reasonable. These two sentences can be understood as: unlucky days are not fake years. I died before I got off the bus to go to school, and tears spilled all over my skirt, leaving a deep pain and regret for life.
Qiu's Shu Xiang and Du Fu's Detailed Interpretation of Poems were written when Du Fu arrived in Chengdu in the spring of the first year of Shang and Yuan Dynasties, that is, when Huanhuaxi Caotang was first built. In the previous issues of sharing, I introduced Du Fu's Chengdu Caotang just built two years ago, and the Anshi Rebellion has not subsided. As a great poet with the political ideal of "respecting the monarch and obeying the obedience", Du Fu witnessed the peril of the country, and many people gave their lives for it. But since he had no choice but to serve the country, he naturally admired and yearned for Zhuge Liang, who started the inheritance and saved the current situation. Now that he lives in Chengdu, how can he not visit Zhuge Wuhou Temple? So when I was free, I came to Wuhou Temple to pay homage and wrote this touching farewell song.
The first couplet of the poem "Where is the Mingxiang Temple? In a deep pine forest near the Silk City, a question and answer has formed a strong emotional atmosphere from the beginning, covering the whole article. In classical poetry, questions and answers are often used to open sentences, highlighting the ups and downs of feelings. The same is true of this poem. "Prime Minister's Temple" comes straight to the point and has a kind and pious meaning. The word "prime minister" is very clever. Although there is only one prime minister in Shu Han, there is more than one prime minister in the whole Three Kingdoms. The poet said "Prime Minister" instead of "Shu Xiang", which means that in Du Fu's mind, although there were many heroes in the Three Kingdoms period, the real prime minister was Zhuge Liang, who had a special admiration and kindness. This is what the predecessors said, "look down on three points and raise Zhuge." Du Fu's promotion certainly means respecting the orthodoxy of Shu and Han, but it is more out of personal admiration for Zhuge Liang. The phrase "Prime Minister" has embodied Zhuge Liang's special position in the poet's mind. "Where to find" does not mean where to find, but to strengthen the language situation. To the extent that Zhuge Liang is widely loved, especially in Chengdu, Sichuan, it should be easy to find a temple dedicated to him, but the poet uses the word "Qiu" to describe his persistent pursuit of sages and sincere bow. The next sentence "In a deep pine forest near Silk City" not only points out the poet's respect for Wuhou Temple on the outskirts of Chengdu, but also shows a quiet and solemn atmosphere by describing the shady cypress trees and tall and dense trees here. Cypress has a long life, never withers all year round, is tall and straight, has symbolic significance, and is often used as an ornamental tree in temples. Du Fu's Journey to Cooper also lamented that Kongming was too talented to make the best use of it by writing about Cooper's "big material is hard to use", and expressed his helplessness in not reaching the big goal and abandoning it. It can be seen that Du Fu's writing about cypress has its profound meaning. Grasping the typical scene of Wuhou Temple, the author not only implicitly expressed his regret for Zhuge Liang's unfulfilled ambition, but also showed the majestic, lush, vigorous and simple image characteristics of cypress trees, which made people think of Zhuge Liang's spirit and could not help but respect him.
If the first two sentences are summarized from the perspective of the general manager, then the second sentence "mandibular joint" turns the "lens" to the scenic details of Wuhou Temple. "Ying Ji Bicao" and "Huang Peng every other leaf" seem to be two close-ups, one is to highlight the beauty of "spring scenery" and the other is to emphasize the sweetness of "good voice". What is displayed in front of readers is wormwood spring grass, which spreads under the stone steps and reflects a piece of green; A few orioles walked through the leaves of the forest and gave a clear cry. These scenes described in these two sentences have bright colors, clear phonology, dynamic and static contrast, calm and natural, and infinitely beautiful scenes of Wuhou Temple in spring. However, the poet used a word "self" and a word "emptiness", and used intertextual brushwork to infiltrate his subjective feelings into objective scenery, implicitly expressing his special feelings for these scenery and conveying his inner sadness from the description of the scenery. Spring is beautiful and attractive, but the temple of the Prime Minister is so lonely and deserted. Only the poet came alone and returned lonely and sad. The words "jaw joint" are full of emotion, which euphemistically reveals the sadness and longing for rebellion and reunification at an early date because of the war in the country. It can really be said that "the love is deep inside, and the scenery is far outside." Lu Xun and wang pu in the Qing Dynasty said in the Modern Reader of the Early Tang Dynasty: "The stories of three or four ancestral halls only focus on the words' self' and' emptiness', which have been sad and heartbroken, and their solemn and deep images are different from those of desolate people." Jin Shengtan also said in Du Shijie: "The green grass is like spring, and the orioles sound good. When you enter the words' self' and' empty', it is very sad. "
The tie of "three calls to the country, two generations to the heart of a child" is colorful and highly summarizes Zhuge Liang's life. In the last sentence, Liu Bei visited the Piedmont Cottage, and Zhuge Liang was among them. It was pointed out that Zhuge Liang could foresee the political situation in Wei Shuwu at that time and formulated a set of policies for Liu Bei to unify the whole country, which shows Liu Bei's help to the world. After the next sentence was written, Zhuge Liang made every effort to help Liu Bei create the Shu-Han regime and to help Liu Chan maintain the Shu-Han regime until his death. It not only vividly shows Zhuge Wuhou's great talent and achievements in life, but also vividly shows his unswerving spirit and character, and also solemnly tells the reasons why the poet admires Zhuge Wuhou. Because this couplet is the focus and core of the whole poem, the poet secretly held the axe from the beginning, and kept creating momentum and circling all the way, and only then did he have a strong focus, which was in line with the writing law of "one should be thick and one should be light" in rhyme. This couplet is also an example of Du Fu's comments on poetry. Originally, lyricism was a prominent feature of poetry, and there was generally no discussion. But Du Fu broke the routine in this respect and put discussion into poetry, which not only made his poetry unique, but also embodied a skill of Du Fu's poetry. Shen Deqian once said in Qing Dynasty: "People call poetry the main character, not the main argument. It seems so, but not necessarily. ..... but the discussion must be emotional. " The discussion of Du Fu's poems is precisely because of its emotional charm, which not only does not dilute the atmosphere and complete images of the poems, but makes the lyrical atmosphere and images of the poems richer. Qiu said the two poems were "solemn", while Pu Qilong thought the couplet was "syntactically similar, but ... like melting gold and muddy water", all of which were consistent.
The couplets of "Death without conquest, the hero's long clothes with tears" are the crowning touch of this poem, expressing the poet's admiration for Zhuge Liang and regret for the unfinished business, which can be described as the "poetic eye" of the book. These two poems are both narrative and lyrical. Coupled with the powerful foreshadowing of the first six sentences, it is full of emotional and spiritual aftertaste, and there is another kind of generosity and tragic in the depression. "But he died before he could conquer" is sad, and it is also "the hero cries on his coat from now on", but there is no generosity and tragedy that he still wants to go to the Northern Expedition to realize his ambition for his ideal and put life and death aside even though he knows it is difficult to win. Wang Yuyang once said in Qing Dynasty: "It is always necessary to do something healthy for poetry." Shen Deqian also thinks that "walking out of the distance" is a good way to end a poem. All these beauties are fully reflected at the end of this poem. It is precisely because these two poems have such profound connotations that they have shocked the hearts of thousands of people with lofty ideals in Qian Qian, Qian Qian for more than a thousand years. It is precisely because these two poems express the common aspiration of "future heroes and people with lofty ideals" that "future heroes and people with lofty ideals" are understood by note writers of all ages. Wang, a politician in the Tang Dynasty, repeatedly recited this poem after the failure of "Yongzhen Innovation" and wept bitterly for it. Zong Ze, a patriotic general in the Southern Song Dynasty, also read that "he died after he failed to conquer, and the hero wept from then on", and he crossed the river three times before he died.
This poem is divided into two parts. The first four sentences mourn the ancestral temple of the Prime Minister, feeling the reality from the description of the scenery, and the last four sentences lament the prime minister's talent and virtue, and cherish the memory of the sages from historical recollection, which also includes the poet's deep lament for the Tang Dynasty country. In artistic expression, questions and answers are combined, facts are used to write fiction, scenes are mixed, narrative, scenery is described, arguments are made, lyrical and argumentative, creating a deep and sad artistic conception. Structurally, there are ups and downs, as well as language charm with refined words and harmonious tone. The pen and ink are dripping, the feelings are deep, the whole body is muddy, and the meaning is profound, which fully embodies the "depressed and frustrated" style of Du Fu's poems. Readers of later generations, whether people with lofty ideals or ordinary people, will have reverence for Zhuge Liang as soon as they recite this poem, especially when they read the sentence "But before he conquered, he was dead, and the heroes cried on their coats". Qiu wrote in "Detailed Notes on Du Fu's Poems": "See Kuang Shixiong's strategy"; The heart of the old minister' sees the difficulty of serving the country. Only these two sentences are solemn and solemn, and the heart is painful and sad, and there is spirit. "
Du Fu wrote more than twenty poems by Zhuge Liang in his life, and he was the poet who wrote the most poems by Zhuge Liang. There are five poems dedicated to Zhuge Liang: Shuxiang, Eight Arrays, Zhuge Temple, Ancient People, Wuhou Temple (Wuhou Temple is in the western suburbs of Bai Di) and nine Kuizhou Songs. Zhuge Liang was highly respected in Shu. During the Three Kingdoms period, he was divided and always bound by his power. The Eight Faces Castle was built on his prestige in the Eight Arrays. However, his will was only set off as a feather on the historic site of Yonghuai in the war between the Three Kingdoms. When he climbed the stairs, he lamented: "In the twilight, you are sad, I sing your song, and the mountains are still there." In the "Pavilion Night", he lamented: "Wolong, Pegasus, today is not a general, but dust, hubbub, temporary rest." ... why did Du Fu worship Zhuge Liang so much and why did he have such a deep "Zhuge Liang complex"?
We can get a glimpse of this problem from the titles of scholarly poems. In the eyes of ordinary people, Zhuge Liang is a symbol of wisdom, and people talk about all his tricks. Du Fu's ambition of "an upright man is open and poised" made him pay more attention to Zhuge Liang's status as a "prime minister" who could display his ambition, as well as his loyalty and American politics. Therefore, the title of this poem is "Scholarship" instead of "Wuhou Temple" or "Zhuge Liang". Writing from the perspective of "scholarly writing" not only conforms to Du Fu's state of mind that he is in troubled times and is eager for talents to help the crumbling Datang Jiangshan, but also accurately implies his anguish and hidden pain that he has no way to serve the country and his career has not been completed. It is precisely because Du Fu is concerned about the country and the people that when he roamed the southwest, he felt that the court lacked talents like Zhuge Liang to rejuvenate the country, so he would "punch in and write poems, which was full of praise."
Heroes in history are not always able to carve a stone to leave a name, but more are those who are eager to make contributions but fail or even fail. They not only admire Zhuge Liang's talent, but also admire him for finding a mentor and a career opportunity. However, Zhuge Liang galloped freely with the amazing wizards and the respect of "phase father", but the great cause still failed, and finally the stars fell five yards away. So when did this happen? Potential also? Du Fu, who experienced the "An Shi Rebellion", faced the personal fate of incompetence and frustration in his official career and the turbulent situation. He was worried about his country's lack of great talents, accumulated a lot of money, and even lamented that Zhuge Liang, a scholar in Shu, fell short. It is difficult for people with lofty ideals to be rewarded through the ages, and they enjoyed each other and shared the same fate! It is this inner spiritual fit that makes Du Fu admire Zhuge Liang so much and have such a deep "Zhuge Liang complex"!
1. In addition to poetry, Romance of the Three Kingdoms is also shared on our excellent platform for poetry and books. Maybe you are already familiar with Zhuge Liang, so let me introduce Zhuge Liang to you and tell your favorite story.
2. You can also choose to introduce the regime of Shu Han to you and tell you the historical story of Shu Han.
Have you ever been to Wuhou Temple in Chengdu? If you have been there, can you share your knowledge and feelings with everyone? Do you know where else Wuhou Temple is?
4. Why do you think Zhuge Liang is so respected by future generations?
Can you share your favorite poem about Zhuge Liang?
6. What big-name "fans" does Zhuge Liang have? How did they make Zhuge Liang?
7. What part of Sichuan history do you know? Can you share it with us?
Chen Du Fu Biography
Feng Zhi's Biography of Du Fu
Yi Zhongtian's The Three Kingdoms
Comparison of Literature and History: Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Analysis of Yang Fuquan's "Frequent Trouble"?
Jin Zhiren's Elegy of Zhi Zhi's Death? -Misreading and Correction of Du Fu's Poems "The Book of Letters" and "The Hero Mournes His Clothes"
Zhong's "Affectionate, Long-lasting —— Reading Du Fu's Ode to Zhuge Liang"
Meng Manpin's Most Beautiful Tang Poetry —— Du Fu's Book of Letters
Du Fu has been writing poems for Zhuge Liang all his life. Who are Zhuge Liang's fans?
Of course, there are all kinds of Baidu ...
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