With the institutional reform in the State Council, which began in 2008, the reform of public administration leadership system will follow. The reform of the leadership system of public administration can be said to have been carried out almost simultaneously with the reform and development of 1978 China. From the "four modernizations" of cadres to the current reform of the leadership system, it is still a major issue and the situation is complicated. This paper starts with the analysis of the obstacles in the current reform of the leadership system of public administration in China, aiming at finding its crux, and then puts forward some countermeasures, so that the administrative leadership can make the pace of system reform steady and scientific, and better provide the leadership system guarantee for socialist modernization. Key words: obstacles to the reform of the leadership system of public administration; Countermeasures; Foreword The leadership system is the realistic manifestation of the institutionalization and systematization of leadership relations, the carrier for leaders to carry out leadership activities, which regulates and restricts the behaviors and activities of leaders and leaders and plays an important role in the success or failure of leadership activities. As the carrier of leadership activities, the leadership system provides a foundation and platform for the development of leadership activities. The leadership system of public administration is an important part of the leadership system. Reforming the defects of China's public administration leadership system has always been one of our reform tasks. However, judging from the current situation, the reform of China's public administration leadership system is far from enough in depth and breadth, and it has a long way to go and faces many obstacles in the whole reform process. I. Main Obstacles to the Reform of the Leadership System of Public Administration in China Why is the reform of the leadership system of public administration in China so difficult and why is it a long and arduous process? There must be various complicated and profound reasons. The author believes that the main obstacles to the deepening of the reform of the leadership system of public administration in China are: (1) conceptual factors, which are not unrelated to the influence of some traditional concepts in people's minds. These traditional ideas are first manifested in the inability to correctly distinguish and understand the party's leadership and public administration. Due to the long-term implementation of the unified leadership of the party in China, a mindset has formed in people's minds, that is, all affairs must be decided by the party (party organizations at all levels). From this, it can be inferred that the party's leadership over public administration will naturally be understood as the leadership over all affairs of public administration. In essence, the Party committee has become the symbol of supreme power and the decision-making command center. From the perspective of management effectiveness, one of the most effective ways to control a social organization is to set up an organization that can fully represent one's will, or to appoint people that one can trust. This is proved by many historical facts during the period when the Party led the national democratic revolution. The question before us is: After the Party has changed from a revolutionary party to the sole ruling party leading hundreds of millions of people in China to carry out socialist construction, how should all kinds of powers as the core of leadership be exercised? Is it all management affairs, including all administrative affairs, or just line, principles and policies and major macro-decisions? In my opinion, as the ruling party, it is natural to focus on the formulation of line, principles and policies, the research and decision-making of major macro issues, and the party's own construction. Accordingly, the party's leadership over administration should be the leadership of the line, principles and political thoughts, not the leadership of specific administrative affairs. Party organizations at all levels should ensure and supervise the executive heads to perform their overall leadership duties, not the government decision-making command center above the executive heads. Only by straightening out the relationship between the party committees at higher levels and the government and local party and government at all levels can we expect a breakthrough in the reform of the leadership system of public administration. There is also a misunderstanding that the relationship between collective leadership, collective responsibility, collective decision-making and individual responsibility is misunderstood, and collective leadership and individual responsibility are artificially opposed. It is easy to think that personal responsibility leads to arbitrary dictatorship and separation from party leadership. The collective decision-making mechanism in modern management is equal to the collective leadership system of collective responsibility system, and the emphasis on collective decision-making mechanism in modern management proves the correctness and rationality of the current administrative collective leadership system with unclear and disjointed powers and responsibilities in China. The above two incorrect understandings have become the conceptual fetters and obstacles that restrict the deepening of the reform of the leadership system of public administration. (2) Psychological factors The reform of the leadership system of public administration is essentially a political and administrative reform process full of political significance and involving various complicated relationships. At the same time, it is accompanied by a complicated process of social, political and psychological contradictions. Therefore, psychological factors are also an important aspect that can not be ignored in restricting change. The social and psychological factors that hinder the reform of China's public administration leadership system are reflected in two aspects: on the one hand, the fear of losing control. Many people, especially party and government leaders at all levels, are very worried that the reform of the current administrative leadership system and the implementation of the administrative leadership model with administrative power and administrative leadership functions as the basic characteristics will bring about various bad phenomena of warlord separatism that often appear in history. It is better to seize it now than to lose control in the future. It has been nearly 20 years since China put forward the idea of decentralization and separation of government from enterprise in the mid-1980s. But in reality, there is still no good construction, but many vague leaders between the party and the government. This is directly related to the fear of losing control mentioned above. On the other hand, I am afraid of making mistakes. Although some leaders have realized the disadvantages of the current administrative leadership system, they dare not cross the line for fear of making mistakes and taking risks. Most of them hold a wait-and-see attitude, waiting for others' attempts or the deployment of superior leaders. These two psychological factors have affected the pace of the reform of the administrative leadership system. (3) Obstacles to interests and power The reform of the leadership system of public administration will inevitably harm some vested interests. In particular, the reform of the internal leadership system of the administrative department involves a large range of institutions and personnel, and the interests are very specific. This will inevitably increase the difficulty of reform. Specifically, it is the problem of how to resettle all kinds of cadres after the reform. This is a dilemma: if these cadres are not properly placed, they will certainly use their vested power to obstruct reform; And if we put them one by one, then the reform will become a mere formality and fail to achieve the expected purpose. Every time China's institutions are streamlined, the more streamlined (reduced) they are, the reasons are all related to this. The other is power. In the long-term administrative system, administrative leaders, especially the top leaders, have great power. Once they are reformed, their power will be reduced, which will naturally hinder those who already have power, and even more seriously, they will get their power back. China's public administration system lacks power checks and balances. People with power will naturally hold power firmly in their hands and put the reform of the leadership system within the framework of power. Therefore, the influence of interests and power is the biggest obstacle to the deepening of the reform of China's public administration leadership system. Second, some countermeasures to deepen the reform of China's public administration leadership system It is imperative to reform China's current public administration leadership system steadily. According to the requirements of China's social reform and development and the laws of public administration, it is our inevitable choice to build an administrative leadership system that adapts to the new situation. At the same time, in view of the obstacles affecting the reform of the leadership system of public administration, the author thinks that the following countermeasures can be taken: First, cut in from the macro level-straighten out the relationship between the party Committee, the National People's Congress and the government. Although what we are talking about here is the leadership system of public administration, it needs to be discussed clearly under the special system of our country. As I said, Party organizations, people's congresses and government organs at all levels from the central to the local level are different leading organs in China, with different leading functions and working methods, but the relationship between them has not been clear for a long time. For example, in the relationship between the Party organization and the National People's Congress, we have always said that the National People's Congress should accept and embody the leadership of the Party, but we lack the necessary principles and regulations on how the Party leads the National People's Congress. Another example is the relationship between the party Committee and the government. Once we talked about the separation of party and government, but it seems that we have stopped talking about the separation of party and government in recent years. Not only that, with the advancement of reform, some local institutions have implemented the integration of party and government. The relationship among the Party Committee, the National People's Congress and the government is unclear, and the power operation is bound to cross each other. Therefore, in view of the current situation, it should be clear in the reform: First, the relationship between the Party Committee and the NPC is both a leadership relationship and a working relationship, and the party's resolutions and policies should be submitted to the NPC for discussion and implementation in accordance with scientific procedures. Second, the relationship between the Party committee and the government is basically a division of responsibilities. The leadership of the party is mainly political leadership, ideological leadership and organizational leadership. Party committees should not interfere too much in government work, but should make great efforts on how to give full play to their supervisory and security functions. At present, we should pay special attention to the separation of party and government, and gradually change the phenomenon that party organizations directly replace the government in making decisions and issuing instructions through reform. Third, the relationship between the National People's Congress and the government is essentially the relationship between decision-making and implementation. It is a system for the government to report its work to the National People's Congress on a regular basis, and the supervision and inspection of the government work by the National People's Congress cannot become a mere formality. Only by straightening out the relationship between the Party Committee, the National People's Congress and the government can public administrative leaders shoulder the responsibility of administrative leadership and effectively promote the reform of the current chief executive responsibility system. Secondly, from the micro level-change the concept of leadership, clear leadership functions. To improve the efficiency of public administrative organs, clear leadership functions are needed. With the development of public administration, the realization of administrative leadership functions plays a decisive role in leadership activities. This requires all kinds of public administrative leaders at all levels to get rid of the shackles of traditional leadership concepts and systems, establish the concepts and ideas of "leadership is service" and "leadership is guidance and supervision", overcome the obstacles of psychological factors, and reform the existing public administrative leadership system in accordance with the basic laws of public administrative leadership activities and the development requirements of public administrative leadership activities in China. Third, from the micro level & pay attention to system construction and strengthen effective supervision of power. The essence of leadership organizational structure is the relationship between power, responsibility and benefit in leadership activities. When public administrative leaders enter the corresponding posts, they not only gain power but also bear corresponding responsibilities, thus gaining corresponding benefits. The key to the reform of public administrative leadership system is to unify the construction of responsibilities, rights, responsibilities and interests, and directly link them with public administrative leadership. Many cases and administrative practices have proved that the more centralized power is, the more it will be abused. Abuse of power for personal gain leads to corruption, administrative inefficiency and great damage to the image of public administration. The monitoring of power can be the power built by the internal leaders of public administration departments, the leaders at the same level and even the external personnel of departments to realize the restriction and supervision of leadership power; It can be restricted in the system of leadership election, assessment and post restriction. Through the restriction of various leadership responsibility systems, the power operation system can make public administrative leaders not be restricted by "offside" in the process of exercising power; We can construct the restriction of impeachment, resignation, recall, legal punishment and other power abolition systems. In addition, the effective supervision of power has an important force, that is, the supervision of public opinion and the media. In the process of institutional reform of public administration information disclosure, the follow-up reports of public opinion and media will exert an external and powerful supervision pressure on the operation of leadership power, so that the leadership position, power, responsibility and interests of public administration are highly unified. Thirdly, from the micro level, reform the personnel system of public administration organizations and strengthen the construction of public administration leadership. To deepen the reform of administrative management and personnel system, it is necessary to establish a dynamic employment mechanism with effective incentives, strict supervision and competitive selection; By expanding democracy, introducing competition mechanism, renewal and alternation mechanism, we can promote outstanding talents to stand out; Gradually realize the standardization of the selection, appointment, assessment, exchange and supervision of leading cadres in public administration, and prevent and overcome unhealthy practices and corruption in employment from the system. Finally, a more scientific, democratic, transparent, open, fair, reasonable, standardized, stable and benign administrative personnel mechanism will be established. Such a mechanism should include the comprehensive personnel mechanism, the personnel mechanism, the mobility adjustment mechanism, the supervision and restriction mechanism, the performance management mechanism and the survival of the fittest mechanism in public administration, and each link is effective and highly controllable. Finally, it will promote the overall construction of the mass administrative leadership. Finally, we should build a new administrative leadership system with scientific development and continuous innovation. The core of the new public administration leadership system is the talent development mechanism of public administration leaders, which develops the efficiency and effectiveness of high-quality human resources, and then enables leaders to "seek a position in their administration" in the whole process of public administration, and innovate and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public administration. Under the new administrative leadership system, the effective exertion of administrative leadership ability and potential is guaranteed by the system and system, and the whole working system of administrative leadership is a scientific, standardized and innovative system. Reforming and perfecting the leadership system of public administration is an objective requirement for liberating and developing productive forces. A scientific public administration leadership system will be able to develop great leadership, release more organizational energy, form development power and competitiveness, improve public administration power and promote the development of social productive forces. It is imperative to reform the leadership system of public administration. The pace of its reform cannot be stagnant, nor can it be achieved overnight. This is a step-by-step process, which requires both the public administration system environment and the reform environment. A scientific and effective leadership system of public administration will undoubtedly play a great role in promoting Socialism with Chinese characteristics's modernization. Without it, it is impossible to promote the construction of China's public administration system. Therefore, we should promote the reform of public administration leadership system from macro and micro levels to ensure the scientific and efficient leadership of public administration from the system and mechanism.