The database of paper duplicate checking and comparison includes two parts. Part of it is the Internet resources, that is, the data existing in the network, such as Baidu Q&A, Baijiahao, other resources in Weibo and forums. The other part is the papers collected by major data vendors, such as HowNet's joint comparison database for college students, graduate discussion database and so on. . So the Baidu Q&A and published journal papers you mentioned are also used as data comparison databases for duplicate checking. .