Now everyone has tried to write a paper, that is, an article to discuss or study a certain problem. What papers have you seen? The following is what I have compiled for you about how to cultivate innovative thinking in scientific inquiry. Welcome everyone to learn from it, I hope it will help you.
Cultivating innovative thinking in scientific inquiry
abstract:
The key to cultivating innovative ability lies in cultivating innovative thinking, and people have been exploring effective ways to cultivate innovative thinking for a long time. Scientific inquiry is a bright spot in the new curriculum reform. It is gratifying that scientific inquiry is an effective way to cultivate students' innovative thinking. This paper introduces innovative thinking, and at the same time, carefully designs strategies to cultivate innovative thinking among the elements of scientific inquiry, hoping to receive satisfactory results in teaching practice.
Key words:
Innovative thinking, scientific exploration, integrated thinking, divergent thinking and intuitive thinking.
The core of creative innovation is innovative thinking, because the result of creation is mainly the product of innovative thinking, so cultivating innovative thinking is the key to cultivating innovative ability [1]. However, for a long time, the teaching methods from primary school to university in China are too mechanical and too bookish, which seriously affects the cultivation of people's thinking, especially the cultivation and excavation of innovative thinking. The new round of basic education curriculum reform puts forward scientific inquiry, one of the main purposes is to cultivate students' innovative thinking, which opens a breakthrough for innovative education. So how to give full play to the advantages of scientific inquiry to cultivate innovative thinking? This is a question worth discussing.
I. Scientific inquiry and its elements
The Outline of Basic Education Curriculum Reform points out that scientific inquiry is not only a learning content, but also a learning method. Under the guidance of teachers, in the created learning environment, students focus on a practical problem that needs to be solved from daily life, natural phenomena and social phenomena, so that students can experience the whole process of exploring and solving problems and express and communicate the results. In this process, scientific knowledge can be combined with observation, reasoning and thinking, thus actively gaining an understanding of science. Through scientific inquiry activities, we have experienced a series of problems, such as the means of scientific inquiry, the rules of using evidence, the way of forming problems, and the methods of putting forward explanations, rather than just hearing or remembering relevant knowledge or conclusions. Can gradually form a psychological tendency to observe, ask questions and explore; Furthermore, they are good at questioning, diligent in thinking, willing to express ideas and exchange results, willing to try to create innovative activities, gain new knowledge in independent inquiry and form good psychological quality, and finally form a lasting interest in scientific inquiry and a strong desire and ability to practice, explore and innovate.
The physics curriculum standard of senior high school points out that the elements of scientific inquiry include asking questions, guessing and assuming, making plans and designing experiments, conducting experiments and collecting evidence, analyzing and demonstrating, evaluating, communicating and cooperating. The acquisition of new knowledge and the cultivation of ability are mainly integrated into these elements, and the cultivation of innovative thinking is no exception.
Second, innovative thinking and its composition
Innovative thinking is a way of thinking that people can produce novel and original products and concepts in the process of studying, living, working or solving problems. The root of improving innovation ability is to improve innovative thinking, that is, to cultivate and train innovative thinking.
Innovative thinking is a very complicated thinking form, and its basic operating elements are integrated thinking and divergent thinking. Integrated thinking refers to reorganizing some ideas obtained in the past and finding the only correct answer to the problem that needs to be solved in the process of thinking. It is a form of seeking common ground for innovative thinking and an indispensable prerequisite for innovative thinking. Divergent thinking refers to the form of thinking that recombines some ideas we get in the process of thinking, so as to find multiple possible answers, solutions, conclusions or hypotheses. It is the form of innovative thinking and the essence or foundation of innovative thinking. The important components of innovative thinking also include: intuitive thinking, that is, direct judgment or choice of objective things, seeing or guessing the key points of the problem at a glance, reflecting the generalization, simplification, linguistic or internalization of thinking, imaginative thinking and so on.
Divergent thinking is the basis of innovative thinking, which mainly includes: ① thinking is fluent and can produce some possible ideas and answers; 2 flexible thinking, thinking in different categories or ways, being able to change from one thought to another, or looking at problems in different new ways; (3) Original thinking, that is, the process, method or product of thinking is novel and unique; ④ Delicate thinking, adding new ideas, interesting details and related concept groups to the original ideas or basic concepts.
Third, cultivate innovative thinking in scientific inquiry.
Thinking begins with problems. Scientific inquiry is the process of finding and solving problems, and it is also the process of cultivating innovative thinking.
(A) the cultivation of integrated thinking
The goal of integrated thinking is to make the right choice or decision and try to solve the problem in the shortest time. Scientific inquiry needs to "make plans and design experiments", choose the appropriate scheme according to the purpose of inquiry and existing conditions, and integrate the existing knowledge concepts and select the required devices and equipment, which is a process of integrating thinking. In the process of "analysis and demonstration", a large number of collected data are analyzed and processed, and the correct and reasonable conclusion is drawn according to the observed phenomena and data, and the only correct conclusion is drawn by excluding interference factors. In the process of "evaluation", we make solutions to new problems found, learn from experience, acquire new knowledge from experience and use it to solve new problems, and find the best way through continuous improvement, all of which are carried out in integrated thinking. For example, to design an experiment to explore the voltage relationship of series-parallel circuit, we must first make a test plan, study the test steps, design the circuit diagram, and decide the components and instruments to be selected, including the type of light bulb and power supply. These all need to be done according to relevant knowledge. For the obtained voltage and current, we should process the data to minimize the error, and finally draw a preliminary conclusion. In the "evaluation", the operation process of the experiment is tested, revised and evaluated, and the whole process is also a process of training integrated thinking.
(B) the cultivation of divergent thinking
Divergent thinking includes fluent thinking, flexible thinking, original thinking and exquisite thinking. In the process of "asking questions", finding as many questions as possible can cultivate smooth thinking; Finding problems from different angles can cultivate flexible thinking; Choosing a novel and distinctive angle to ask questions can better exercise and cultivate original thinking. In the process of "conjecture and hypothesis", put forward some methods and hypotheses to solve problems as much as possible, and put forward conjectures and hypotheses as soon as possible, which will exercise and cultivate smooth thinking well; Moreover, if the angle of hypothesis and conjecture is novel and the way of prediction is unique, it will be beneficial to the cultivation of original thinking. In the process of "planning and designing experiments", we should provide as many activities as possible and quickly according to the purpose and realistic conditions, and cultivate smooth thinking; When a scheme does not meet the conditions and objectives, a new scheme can be found in the shortest time, which can cultivate the flexibility of thinking; If the designed experiment or scheme is different and the angle is more novel and unique, it will train the original thinking. In the process of "experimental evidence collection", in order to cultivate smooth thinking, specific operation methods are put forward as quickly as possible; Of course, in this process, it is inevitable that some experimental methods or collected data do not meet the needs of the whole process, which requires the rapid change of ideas such as thinking, which is conducive to cultivating the flexibility of thinking; The actual experiment or evidence collection will enable activists to broaden their knowledge, increase their knowledge, efficiently supplement and enrich their original knowledge system, which is conducive to the growth of exquisite thinking ability. In the process of "analysis and demonstration", when trying to draw an absurd and unrealistic conclusion, we should change our thinking in time and try to draw other practical conclusions, which is conducive to the exercise of flexible thinking; The understanding of analysis and demonstration will fully supplement the original understanding, extend the view of things, and be conducive to the cultivation of exquisite thinking. In the process of "evaluation", pay attention to the unresolved contradictions in the exploration, find some new problems as much as possible, and put forward new plans as quickly as possible, thus cultivating the fluency of thinking; When the original experimental scheme is found to be inefficient, we should put forward a new scheme as soon as possible, and don't always be confused by the old scheme, so as to cultivate flexible thinking and original thinking at the same time; In the process of reference, it is a supplement to the existing cognitive system and the best link to cultivate exquisite thinking. In the process of "communication and cooperation", we should dare to put forward new ideas and viewpoints and look at problems in an unconventional way. This is the best opportunity to cultivate original thinking.