This paper analyzes the concept, characteristics and functions of public service-oriented government, and puts forward the principles and directions of constructing public service-oriented government in China.
Keywords: public service; Function; Establish a direction
First, the definition and characteristics of public service-oriented government
Public service-oriented government refers to providing public products and services according to the wishes and preferences of the public, responding to the needs of citizens and society, positioning government functions, and building a legal, effective, transparent, responsible and just government, with the fundamental goal of public satisfaction. Therefore, the public service-oriented government neither simply emphasizes the change of service attitude, that is, the so-called "smiling service", nor simply transforms the government's function into providing public services, but emphasizes that the provision of public services is provided in accordance with the wishes of citizens, and the fundamental goal pursued is citizen satisfaction. Generally speaking, efficiency, justice, responsibility, standardization, transparency and legality are undoubtedly the characteristics of modern government, and they are also the values and goals that any government seeking legitimacy in modern society must advocate. However, the most essential feature of modern government lies in the basic setting of its role, that is, providing public products and services according to the public's wishes and preferences and responding to the public's demands. This is also the basic point that service-oriented government is different from transparent government, responsible government, effective government and other types of government.
Second, the main functions of public service-oriented government
As a public service-oriented government, it should have the following main functions:
Provide institutional supply services. As a representative of order, the government must provide people and society with the institutional supply of social order, that is, it must formulate an authoritative institutional framework or model for the society that everyone must abide by. There are many contents of institutional supply. Such as legal system, political system, property right system, financial system, market economy system, social security system and so on. The best and greatest service of a service-oriented government is a good institutional supply.
Provide good public policy services. Service-oriented government should formulate public policies from the perspective of publicity, and formulate policies to solve the problems of stable social development and sustainable economic development. Such as environmental protection, social security, compulsory education policy, financial policy and fiscal policy. After the establishment of the basic system, the main service of the government is to provide good public policy services.
Provide public goods. Theoretically speaking, the non-competitive and non-exclusive characteristics of public goods determine that they cannot be solved by the market and can only be provided by the government. The provision of public goods can be provided by social organizations with the support of the government as much as possible according to actual needs, but the government should do a good job in organization.
Provide public services. Public service is the general name of the labor behavior of government agencies and their staff in meeting social needs and providing public products. In fact, it is to solve the problem of how the government provides institutional supply, how to adopt and formulate public policies, and how to provide public products. Service-oriented government requires government agencies and their staff to provide enthusiastic, fast and thoughtful services to clients in terms of service procedures, service attitudes and service efficiency under the guidance of service administration concept, rather than indifferent bureaucrats.
Third, the basic principles of building a public service-oriented government
Decentralization principle: building a public service-oriented government should follow the principle of scientific decentralization. First of all, the rational decentralization of government, market and the third sector makes the rights scientifically located and accurately returned; Second, decentralize power, scientifically decompose functions, and expand the autonomy of local governments, markets and the third sector; Third, through system and institutional innovation, the public can truly enjoy the right to participate in and manage political, economic and social affairs.
Principle of rule of law: public service-oriented government is a government ruled by law and an orderly government. The government should administer according to law, whether it is the policy, means or procedure of service, it should be ruled by law. The principle of rule of law requires the government to establish and improve the administrative procedural law and administrative substantive law suitable for modern service administration, and reconstruct and standardize the administrative examination and approval system according to law.
Principle of responsibility: service is to fulfill responsibility. The principle of responsibility requires the government to establish a complete and binding service administrative responsibility system, so that the public can effectively supervise the government and truly implement democratic administration and responsible administration. The service administrative responsibility system should be composed of economic, political, legal and moral responsibility systems.
Efficiency principle: Efficiency is the unity of efficiency, achievement and function, and maximizing efficiency is the essential requirement and ultimate goal of modern management. Scientific Outlook on Development pays more attention to the government's service function. Therefore, the public service-oriented government should not only pursue quantifiable service results, but also pursue service functions that can make economy, society and nature develop in a sustainable and harmonious way.
Principle of competition: The public service-oriented government is based on the modern market economy system, and the competitive government is mainly reflected in two aspects: on the one hand, it is manifested in the competitive relationship between the government and the market and the public, demanding that the power be returned to the market and the public, while benefiting the people; On the other hand, it is manifested in the competitive relationship between regional governments, which requires the introduction of enterprise management concepts to serve, promote and participate in competition, and the government can better perform its public service functions through competition.
Fourth, the direction of building a public service-oriented government.
According to the orientation of government service function, the following points must be achieved in building a public service-oriented government model:
(A) customer-oriented public service functions
According to the new management theory, the social responsibility of the government is to provide services to customers according to their needs. In the management of the new public, the government is no longer a closed bureaucrat above the society, but a responsible "entrepreneur", and citizens are "customers" or "customers". Entrepreneurial government should be a government that can provide high service efficiency. In order to achieve this goal, government services should be customer-oriented or market-oriented. Only a customer-driven government can provide diversified social needs and promote the improvement of government service quality.
Under the traditional government public service system, the government often replaces public will with administrative plan, replaces public participation with elite design, ignores public needs and preferences, and the public's influence is limited, which directly leads to the confusion of most public organizations about who their customers or clients are, and the service level is poor. Customer-oriented or market-oriented service is the thinking choice of the transformation of public service provision from government-oriented and official-oriented to social-oriented and people-oriented, and it is also the embodiment of the correct relationship between government and society. The main ways are as follows: First, expand public participation in government decision-making. The government should listen to public opinions in advance, take public will as the first value orientation, and establish channels, rules and procedures for understanding public opinion and public participation in decision-making; Second, how should the government's public service be based on social evaluation and the evaluation of service targets, and increase the role of public opinions in evaluation.
( 1)