Consciousness is the human brain's awareness of the internal and external representations of the brain. Physiologically, the conscious brain region refers to the conscious brain region (around the prefrontal lobe) that can obtain information from other brain regions. The most important function of conscious brain region is to identify the truth, that is, it can identify whether the representation in its own brain region comes from external senses or from imagination or memory. This ability to distinguish truth from falsehood is not found in any other area of the brain. When people are asleep, the excitement of the conscious brain area is minimized, and at this time, it is impossible to distinguish the authenticity of the image in the brain, so the brain takes all means to believe it. This is the so-called "dream" The conscious brain region has no memory of its own, and its storage area is called "temporary storage area", which, like the memory of a computer, can only temporarily store perceived information. Consciousness is still "always moving". You can try to stop the picture in your mind, and you will find that this attempt is futile. Some studies believe that conscious brain regions actually have no thinking ability, and real thinking occurs in all brain regions of the subconscious. The thinking we perceive is actually the result of the subconscious presenting its thinking to the conscious area of the brain.

The more general definition of consciousness is a special and complicated movement, which can reflect (map) the movement of the real world and the non-realistic consciousness itself, correctly map the laws of truth and consciousness itself, or be incorrect or distorted. General consciousness needs a real material host to have an effect on reality and consciousness itself. Its existence can be divided into static and dynamic. Static consciousness generally exists in the form of coding, such as language, sound, images, software or other static material carriers. Dynamic consciousness can inherit the static form and enhance the scope and level of consciousness. The interaction between static consciousness and dynamic consciousness is one of the important sources of new consciousness. The starting point of this definition comes from the absoluteness and static relativity of the eternal motion of matter. It has certain reference significance for artificial intelligence.

Basic Introduction Chinese Name: Consciousness mbth: Consciousness Pinyin: Yi Shi √ Meaning: Consciousness; Discovery science research, word definition, detailed explanation, basic meaning, essence, premise of production, consciousness and memory, consciousness and behavior, self-consciousness, nature of life, subject terminology, research history, related famous sayings and scientific research. Libet may be the first to carry out consciousness science experiments. It uses pulsed electricity to directly * * * the somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex, so that the subjects can feel. The main result, must have a certain * * * intensity and a certain * * * duration to produce consciousness. Therefore, people think that the generation of consciousness requires neurons in some parts of the brain to get enough excitement for a long time (up to 500 milliseconds). This experiment shows that consciousness is produced by nerve activity in the brain. Word explanation 1. [Consideration]: The reflection of human mind on the objective material world is also the sum of various psychological processes such as feeling and thinking. 2. realize; Be aware of; Realization]: perception; Got it. She is unhappy. I didn't realize. epistemological

Han Wang Chong's Theory of Balance and Practical Learning: "People are so ignorant that they are called gods when they see the names of sages."

Wen Xuandi Ji in Northern Qi Dynasty: "Gaozu tried to observe the consciousness of various schools of thought, and each tried to control the chaos. The emperor drew his sword and beheaded it, saying,' those who mess up will be beheaded.' Gaozu, right? "

Qing Ji Yun's Notes on Yuewei Caotang Summer in Luanyang: "This is strange and wonderful, and its consciousness lies in people." Prejudice.

Wang Song Ming and Qing Dynasties "After Swing" Volume 2: "If you realize what you said, or want to know it, what can you get from it?" The reflection of human mind on the objective material world is the sum of various psychological processes.

The second chapter of Liu Qing's "Iron Wall": "My peasant consciousness is too heavy, and I always want to go home and stick to my mother."

Han Beiping's The Story of African Nights and Chiefs: "Most chiefs always have a certain sense of nationalism, especially those remote places." Feel, feel.

A Ying Night: "She realized that the enemy must have shot at her comrades again."

Mao Dun's "Comedy" I: "Is even the hometown association a membership system? Only then did he realize more clearly that the world had indeed changed. " "Consciously have a certain purpose.

Bing Xin's Superman: "Pick up a book and read it unconsciously."

Ding Ling's Shanghai in the Spring of 1930 (I) V: "But he held back. He was afraid of Zi Bin's worry and thought he was consciously mocking him. " Buddhist language. One of the six senses of Buddhism, that is, knowledge from the root of meaning, is also called Buddhist knowledge.

Liang Wudi's Preface to Ye Fu in the Southern Dynasties: "Apart from these two obstacles, the consciousness is slightly clear, and it will be realized after reading the internal and external classics."

Zhang on the balance of national heritage: "the movement of the root of meaning is called consciousness." English etymology. Consciousness, the word comes from the Latin word "consciousness", which means "knowing".

The act of translating it into "consciousness" is related to Japanese scholars. Idea: that is, the mental state of faith formed by consciousness (including consciousness and subconscious). It is a sub-infinite thinking mode in which the original god actively regulates natural accumulation by self-discipline after the subject is a little quiet. It "abandons" all intermediate links and has "penetrating power".

Generation of ideas: As the simple classic says: "Moralize love, love your career and keep moving forward." "The intention is unchanged, the heart chooses from the knowledge, and the motivation is outside." .

Meaning: people's moral expression evolves into emotion, which can give birth to meaning, and meaning is consciousness when it is constantly running. Consciousness has a sense of great significance and a sense of small significance. Consciously or unconsciously, he transforms the great consciousness of choosing meaning into ideas and abandons other consciousness. This idea will be transformed into motivation and can dominate the human body to put it into action. The consciousness of basic meaning is an advanced and orderly organizational form of matter, which refers to the sum of the characteristics that an organism can perceive through its physical perception system and related perceptual processing activities. The definition and concept of consciousness must be clearly distinguished from the concepts of spirit, reason and truth. The original intention of consciousness is psychological activity. Meaning is not just the meaning of self. Knowledge is cognition, knowledge and understanding. Consciousness, representing the independence of individuals, is the only coordinate of subject existence. Consciousness means that people can know their existence and know what has happened. You can compare opposites with beings different from yourself. The definition of consciousness is very simple, that is, the person who knows and knows the existence of things. Consciousness and spirit are used in the same way. Reason comes from consciousness, and truth is conceptually equivalent, which has nothing to do with psychology. Consciousness is all the activities and results of human and animal brains, that is, as conscious thinking. The essence of consciousness is the contradiction between human brain and animal brain and the objective world, and its law is consciousness. Consciousness refers to actively understanding and guiding the realization of human self-freedom. Consciousness is accompanied by the birth of human beings and animals, and it is the result of their discovery and innovation activities. Man's practice conforms to the direction of man's free development, that is, to develop man's consciousness. Consciousness is the result of practice and is passed on to future generations with life. Newborn creatures inherit the practical achievements of predecessors' human beings and animals, and their innate perceptual ability is the basis for the formation of consciousness. Any living thing has perception ability, and the most important perception ability is the ability to absorb nutrients. For example, eating is an innate ability, and there is already the ability to suck in the fetus. Consciousness is a kind of energy of life, and the energy of life must flow, just like the hard disk of a computer must rotate under the action of current before the computer can work. Therefore, consciousness is a stream of consciousness and a stream of life. Consciousness is a kind of biological evolution, from simple organ biochemical process to complex brain biochemical process, and finally with the evolution of life, from spontaneous natural behavior to conscious human and animal behavior. Thought is produced on the basis of consciousness, our perceptual ability helps us to remember, and thought is produced through memory and analysis. Animals also have thoughts. Their thoughts are not spontaneous, but also subjective, and not only human thoughts are conscious and colorful. Consciousness is divided into various forms in human practice, including memory, thought, emotion, thought, concept and so on. From the intuition of appearance to the idea of a phenomenon, it finally develops logically into an idea, and finally forms an idea through thinking. Consciousness is seawater, thoughts are floating objects in seawater, ideas are ice cubes in seawater, and emotions are the body's response to thoughts. Thoughts determine the direction of reaction, positive reaction or negative emotion. Thought is the initial stage of thought, that is, the object in the potential sea water, and it is thought after it surfaced. Consciousness is still an incomplete and vague concept. It is generally believed that consciousness is a person's cognitive ability and clarity to the environment and self. Researchers can't give an exact definition of it yet. John searle generally interprets consciousness as "a state of perception, feeling or consciousness, which lasts throughout the day, unless you fall asleep again or enter an unconscious state after waking up from a dreamless sleep". At present, in terms of perception, the concept of consciousness is the easiest for scientific research. For example, some people perceive something, others perceive themselves. Sometimes, "awareness" has become synonymous with "consciousness", and they can even replace each other. At present, there are still many questions and puzzles about the nature of consciousness. On the one hand, the dilemma of the current research on the nature of consciousness lies in the fact that the naturalistic cognitive model can not fully simulate the brain structure and social context, on the other hand, it also lacks corresponding philosophical propositions and categories. For example, in terms of self-awareness. The research on the concept of consciousness has become the research object of many disciplines. Consciousness involves cognitive science, neuroscience, psychology, computer science, sociology, philosophy and so on. Studying consciousness from different angles in these fields is very helpful to clarify the problem of consciousness. The essence is described from the level of object perception, and the essence of consciousness is "classified processing of information". Described from the dynamic level of the subject, the essence of consciousness is to "combine the updated known information with the purpose of behavior for comprehensive analysis, re-weigh the weight of elements, reposition the meaning of information, and then update behavior strategies, viewpoints or positions". The premise consciousness is the product of information processing by the thinking subject. Without thinking subject and thinking activity, it is impossible to produce consciousness. The thinking subject is a substance that can actively manipulate information (such as collecting, transmitting, storing, extracting, deleting, comparing, screening, distinguishing, arranging, classifying, disguised, transforming, integrating, expressing, etc.). Thinking subjects include animals (such as human beings) formed by natural evolution and artificial intelligence products gradually developed and perfected. Information is the phenomenon and representation of things that the thinking subject can know, and it is the operating object of thinking activities. Consciousness produced by thinking activities is stored, expressed and transmitted in the form of information, and the essence of consciousness exchange is information exchange. Consciousness often becomes the basis for further thinking of thinking subjects. Consciousness valve-don't try to make the machine realize that consciousness needs energy, and the existence and spread of consciousness need media (matter). In short, the existence of consciousness is attached to matter. The meaning expressed by consciousness is often different from the phenomenon of its material carrier itself Aside from the carrier factor, the connotation of consciousness does not exist in the form of occupying space, but the existence of matter occupies space, which is the fundamental difference between consciousness and matter. Because the information may change when the thinking subject obtains and processes information, the content of consciousness may not truly reflect the objective things, and consciousness may go beyond the reflection of objective things, or it may be a distorted reflection of objective things. Consciousness and memory generally believe that consciousness is an indirect and generalized subjective reflection of the human brain on objective things. However, the word "reflection" is too passive to reflect the status and initiative of the subject of consciousness, let alone creativity. More precisely, it should be said that consciousness is the human brain's response to * * *. When the hammer hits the steel plate, the steel plate will be deformed. Part of the force generated by the deformation of the steel plate acts on the hammer head in the form of elastic reaction, and the rest is permanently deformed due to the flexibility of the steel plate itself. This is the reaction of steel plate to hammering: both external (hammering) and internal. Consciousness is also the human brain's response to * * *. On the one hand, the result of consciousness acts on the outside world through human organs, on the other hand, it also forms memory by changing the structure of the human brain itself. Compared with inorganic steel plate, the structure of human brain is much more complicated. The human brain consists of more than 65.438+0.4 billion brain cells, and each brain cell has many neural dendrites, which are connected with other cranial nerves through synapses. These neural lines are intertwined to form a huge and complex neural network. This structure of the human brain determines the complexity of the external form and internal changes of this conscious response. The structure of nerve cells is the same as that of ordinary animals. So far, people have not found thinking and memory organization in brain cells. When the senses receive * * *, these * * * are converted into electrical signals or chemical signals, which are transmitted to the brain through nerve fibers and then transmitted along the connected neural network channels in the brain. Until the input forms an effective response to the outside world. The process of conduction is the process of consciousness. During conduction, the signals received by neural channels will be active, which will expand the attached blood vessels, get more oxygen nutrition, promote the growth of nerve cells and nerve dendrites on the channels, and make the nerve dendrites in the channels more robust. The next time you meet the same or similar * * *, the signal will pass through these channels faster, and the past consciousness will reappear: this is memory. Example 1. Imagine a simple brain with 26 brain cells from A to Z, one of which has 25 nerve connections from A 1 to A25 * *, and the connections of other cells are similar, then this brain has 325 connection channels. When A is subjected to * * * and Z can output the correct response, then A25 is directly connected to Z cells in all channels, and the reaction time is the shortest. In this reaction, A25 channel has been completed first, and it grows by * * before the signals of other channels are completed. Next time you receive this * * *, the signal will pass through this channel faster. (Of course, such a brain doesn't exist, and the brain of any creature can't be so simple. This hypothesis is only to illustrate the process of memory and consciousness formation. In fact, the memory channel is not only through a neural channel, but through a set of related neural networks. ) neural network Therefore, memory exists not in brain nerve cells, but in neural networks. Memory is a "short circuit" connection state in neural network. Physical exercise can make people think quickly, and repeated reading is conducive to strengthening memory, which is actually promoting the growth of this short-circuit channel. Example 2. Or take the simple brain above as an example. When A to * * *, X can output the correct response, then A23 may not be the shortest channel connecting Y cells among all channels: because A25 channel has been shorted, a signal will reach Z first, and Z is connected to Y through Z24 channel. If the connection time or strength of A23 is not as fast and powerful as that of A25-Z24, then the signal will pass through the latter first, and A25 will be further strengthened except Z24. Therefore, consciousness is a process of rebuilding short circuit on the basis of the original memory network. The existence of memory channels is the basis of consciousness formation. The growth of memory channels can be achieved not only by strengthening channels, but also by strengthening nerve cells in channels. At present, one memory passes through C, H, P and K, and the other three memories pass through H, P and K respectively. At this time, after recalling the last three memories, while strengthening these memories themselves, it also * * * affected the growth of all related channels of these three nerve cells, and the first memory channel was also strengthened by segments, which strengthened the memory. It can be said that nerve cells are the intersections in memory channels. Understanding can strengthen memory, and arguments can strengthen the persuasiveness of arguments. After reading the argumentative essay, the argument may not be clearly remembered, but the memory of the argument and argument is gradually deepened in reading, which is the reason. It is not necessary to have external * * * to trigger consciousness and memory, as long as there are electrical or chemical signals passing through the brain. A small cell in the brain becomes active, and then the related memory is activated in the process of consciousness, and the signal will be amplified and strengthened to form new thinking. It is also the same reason that people can carry out thinking activities such as memory and meditation without the outside world. The magnitude of electrical or chemical signals in the brain is not fixed. In a calm time, the signal flow in the brain is also calm, and free association and rational thinking are the most effective in this case. If the received signal exceeds the transmission capacity of the original channel in an emergency or unexpected situation, the signal will also overflow from other channels, which will make people feel distracted. Signal overflow is not necessarily a bad thing. In the second example, if the overflow signal reaches X from A24, a new channel of consciousness will be formed, which is why people use their quick wits. Memory channels can grow and decline. Brain nerve cells can only grow in constant * *. If the established memory channel is not affected by * * for a long time, the nutrition of its tissue will be transferred to other dendritic parts or other cells, and the memory channel will fade back to its original state. The external manifestation of this process is the forgetting process. The human brain is the most complex system in nature and even the whole universe. There should be a "currently known" qualification. In the process of human evolution, the neural connection that is most beneficial to oneself and most effective to external changes has undergone external survival of the fittest and has been fixed by genes in the inheritance of human generations. Baby's neural network is perfect at birth, which is no different from that of adults, especially the neural structure of parents, which is also the reason why some talents can be inherited. However, compared with adults, except for sucking reflex nerve and autonomic nerve channel which control heartbeat and breathing, the connection thickness of neural network in infants is basically the same. Therefore, the neural signal transmission in the baby's brain is generally omni-directional and ineffective. For example, the eyes of infants are not different from those of adults, but it is difficult to form effective consciousness when looking at things alone because the related channels of color, shape and movement in neural networks have not yet been formed. Through the process of education, we can strengthen the related nerve connections in conditioned reflex and make its brain grow. Consciousness and Behavior There are two kinds of associative consciousness structures of human beings: awake and dormant. When the nervous system of the human brain is awake in daily life, it can conduct, store, calculate and process information through the different effects of various information on the senses in nature, and then implement different operations and language expressions on the limbs. The information of human life activities mainly depends on the large-capacity storage function of the brain, which stores, refreshes and logically calculates the information of human life activities, so that the central nervous system of the brain reflects and dominates various functions of the body. The nerve storage unit of the brain, also called memory cells, accounts for about 20% of the total number of nerve cells in the brain. In addition, the logical analysis function and information processing function of brain cells are closely related to the information quantity of brain memory. Lenovo's thinking consciousness is mainly based on the storage of natural information. Logical operation and comparison form are associative extensions of things, which call the information of brain storage units all the time. Otherwise, neither logical operation nor thinking association will become the brain function of an organism. Memory is the main component of human brain function, and thinking association is a special function of brain subconscious. The development of the human brain only accounts for about 4% of the whole brain, and the brain is divided into two hemispheres, also known as the left and right hemispheres. The development of the right brain is mainly to improve the IQ of the human brain. The balanced development of human left and right hemispheres will lead to the overall improvement of human brain IQ. When the brain is awake, human ideology mainly comes from the processing and memory of natural information in the brain. During this period, human movement is always at rest. That is to say, the logical association of brain thinking is carried out when the limbs and sensory organs are at rest and have no feeling, which is what people often call "meditation", "meditation" and "meditation association". Labor and thinking are a pair of contradictory bodies. In the state of body movement, the brain dominates simple physical operations, while the mind is in a state of simple information processing. When the movement of limbs is over, the brain enters the extension process of thinking. As the saying goes, "you can't do two things at the same time", "sit down and think", "stop working and think", "close your eyes and think", "don't be busy, calm down and think", "work hard and stop thinking" and so on. In daily life, if the human body has been in the active stage, it is difficult to establish a continuation of brain thinking. Only when the body and senses are in a state of rest or semi-rest, can thinking activities continue indefinitely and agilely. During human sleep at night, limbs stop working and some senses are dormant. Because brain cells have not been completely suppressed, some nerves are still in an active state of thinking, processing the information of daily life trajectory, and at the same time producing a profound continuation of thinking association. If you are distracted at work while thinking about problems, this working state is the semi-dormant state of the body, which is also commonly known as "numbness" and "stupidity". In this state, the work is not done well, and the thinking is also affected to some extent. The body movements are not in place and the swing is not big, but the brain has entered a semi-meditation state. "Being in a daze" means that the physical activity stops intermittently and the mind enters a period of semi-deep thinking. Of course, this is also a part of the overall daily function of the human brain. Self-awareness Generally speaking, the most important thing in consciousness is self-awareness. Self-awareness is an individual's overall and unique response to the outside world. Self-awareness is not innate, but is synthesized by specific reaction events in the process of human growth, which is used to adjust the relationship between self and the outside world. The human brain is different from a computer. The hardware of the computer is fixed and only changes the signal, while the signal of the human brain is much simpler. Although the "hardware" of the human brain is fixed, it has growth and can interact with each other in the process of growth, which is incomparable to any computer. Self-consciousness is not a concept opposite to matter. Self-awareness is just the human brain's response to * * *. Self-awareness is just a reaction, a movement of the brain. The essence of life lies in its difference from inanimate objects. Up to now, scientific research shows the difference between life and non-life: life can perceive its own existence through its own body perception system, and can make various reactions and behaviors to the external environment according to its own perception, that is, life (life) can adapt to the environment and even transform the environment to adapt to its own survival. At the same time, another remarkable feature of life is "reproduction", and almost no living body can not reproduce. Millions of nerve filaments weave consciousness. Therefore, the essence of life lies in its "consciousness". This kind of life consciousness is simply "self" consciousness. Life with self-awareness can be distinguished from the material world-whether it is animals, plants, fungi, viruses or others, the biggest difference between human consciousness and other creatures is subjective initiative. Human consciousness, because of the particularity of its physical perception system, has the ability to master language and characters. This means that people's experience and science can be passed down through language and writing and accumulated into social consciousness. With this accumulation, the scientific progress of mankind has become increasingly developed, thus making people's consciousness far ahead of other life forms on earth. Usually, the unique consciousness of human beings is called: thought. On the other hand, the operating mechanism of consciousness is basically similar to that of computer programs, but computer programs or artificial intelligence can never reach the height of human thought. The only reason is that artificial intelligence does not have the essence of biology-self-awareness, so it is impossible to really replace human intelligence. The word "consciousness" has two uses in Marxist classics: one is used as a verb to express the activity of "consciousness", that is, cognitive activity; First, when used as a noun, it refers to the result of activities relative to matter, such as knowledge, ideas and concepts. The study of consciousness in psychology is similar to that in philosophy, but there are also differences. Consistency: both of them are issues of studying consciousness. Moreover, the study of consciousness in scientific psychology is guided by Marxist philosophy. Difference: Philosophy studies "consciousness" as a noun, that is, consciousness is opposite to "matter". It is an overall study of human consciousness, and its basic problem is the relationship between consciousness and existence, which refers to both personal consciousness and social consciousness. Psychology studies the "consciousness" used as a verb, that is, the activities of "consciousness" and cognitive activities. It is a more specific study of human individual consciousness and its essence, occurrence and development, structure and function. Although some disciplines of psychology (such as social psychology) will inevitably involve social consciousness, as an independent science, psychology mainly studies individual consciousness after all. Therefore, in psychology, consciousness is "a unique form of high-level psychological reflection of objective reality" As a unique psychological phenomenon, consciousness is the highest cognitive activity with complex structure, including feeling, perception and thinking, in which thinking plays a decisive role. It is a society formed by human beings on the basis of practical activities such as * * * and labor, which is produced together with language and develops with the development of social history. It is the reflection of the objective reality by the brain with the help of the second signal system, and has the characteristics of consciousness, initiative and creativity. In people's various psychological activities, it plays the role of regulation, control and guidance. It is not only the product of society, but also has class color in class society. This last sentence embodies the inevitable connection between individual consciousness and social consciousness. "'consciousness' in a broad sense refers to the result of activities relative to matter, which is used as a noun, such as knowledge, ideas and concepts. Philosophy often says that' matter determines consciousness', which is a spiritual thing. Consciousness and psychology are interlinked, but their connotations are not exactly the same. " "Consciousness in a narrow sense refers to people's cognitive activities, which are used as verbs, such as consciousness. The so-called awareness is consciousness. Consciousness in psychology refers to' consciousness', that is, people's psychological activities, which is a form of cognition and a form of reflection. In medicine, consciousness refers to' conscious state' or' awake state'. In psychiatry, consciousness refers to the clarity and clear scope of the patient's entire mental activity. " "Consciousness, as an advanced cognitive activity of human beings, includes the cognitive ability and clarity of the environment and people themselves." Normal people are awake, have clear consciousness, can correctly identify and understand time, place, people, events and their own economic income and consumption, and can make corresponding, appropriate, purposeful and dynamic reflections and reactions to the surrounding environment. Some scholars believe that human emotions and knowledge constitute a higher consciousness. Studying history: At first, psychology was just a branch of philosophy. At that time, the question of consciousness was completely discussed by philosophy. It was not until Feng Te, a German psychologist recognized as the founder of modern psychology, made psychology break away from philosophy and become an independent discipline that psychology began to study this issue. At first, psychology only discussed this problem. At first, Wundt used introspection to study consciousness. Later, many psychologists questioned or even opposed this method. Their reason is that this method is unreliable. They think that this method can not accurately reflect people's rich thoughts, feelings and behaviors, nor can it contact people's subconscious or unconscious psychological state. Moreover, this method relies too much on complicated language, which leads to the loss of objectivity. So people soon gave up this research method, but because they could not find a suitable research method, psychology and related disciplines completely gave up the study of consciousness for many years. Until the 1950s, due to the rapid development of cognitive science, many new ways were opened up to study this problem, which finally brought it back to the scientific track. Especially with the efforts of Crick, the founder of DNA model, this problem also occupies a considerable position in the research scope of neuroscience. Although there are still some difficulties, most scientists in related fields are optimistic about the prospect of research consciousness. Meaning and knowledge are two concepts. It means independent of human existence and dependent on human behavior. It means subject. Similar to spirit and soul, it exists in a space or dimension similar to cloud. Knowledge is not only the perception of human organs, but also the behavior that human beings intend to implement. Knowledge is an entity. Similar to artificial intelligence, unmanned aircraft. It is not human consciousness that determines human existence, on the contrary, it is human social existence that determines human consciousness. -Marx's robot can surpass human beings in work intensity, operation speed and memory function, but it is impossible to surpass human beings in consciousness and reasoning. -Zhou Haizhong Although our life is short and small, all great things are created by human hands. Being alive and aware of his noble task is his greatest happiness. -Turgenev