People's Republic of China (PRC) citizens, regardless of gender, age, nationality, race and education level, can take the self-study exam in accordance with the provisions of the Provisional Regulations of the State Council on Higher Education Self-study Exam. At present, higher education self-study examination has become the largest open higher education form in China. The establishment of higher education self-study examination system is an important decision of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to implement the Constitution and encourage self-study, and it is also a significant achievement of China's education system reform since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Historical Evolution China's higher education self-study examination system, brewed in the late 1970s, was founded in the early 1980s and became the 20th bachelor's degree certificate. From 198 1 to 1982, the higher education self-study examination was piloted in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Liaoning provinces, and was promoted nationwide from 1983. It's been over 20 years. In these twenty years, great achievements have been made and rapid development has been achieved. On May 8th, 20 10, at the 3rd Campus Culture Festival of Self-taught Examination in Hubei Province, the person in charge introduced in his opening speech that the self-taught examination is a university without walls, and China's self-taught examination has made remarkable achievements: 2 1 10,000 people participated in the self-taught examination nationwide; A total of 54.2 million people applied for academic education and 9.2 million people graduated; Non-academic education registered 29 million person-times, and about100000 people obtained various non-academic certificates. 1, which is quite large. At present, with the exception of Taiwan Province Province, 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government have implemented the higher education self-study examination system, which has spread to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. 2. From the central government to the local government, a relatively perfect self-study examination organization and a self-study examination working group have been established. 3. Laws and regulations have been strengthened and a series of rules and regulations have been formulated. In particular, the Provisional Regulations on Higher Education Self-taught Examination (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations) issued by the State Council 1988, in the form of national administrative regulations, clearly stipulates the nature, tasks, examination institutions, majors for opening the examination, examination methods, examination management, social assistance, the use and treatment of graduates, examination funds, rewards and penalties for the inner page samples of self-taught graduation certificates. 4 strengthen the guidance and supervision of individual self-study and social assistance, promote the development of social assistance, and actively play the role of its educational form. 5. The management has been strengthened, so that the examination, examination service, examination standards and proposition work are gradually standardized and improved, and the examination research work is gradually carried out. 6. Broaden functions. In addition to the higher education self-study exam, the secondary school self-study exam has also been introduced. In addition, foreign language proficiency test, professional certificate test and national diploma test of higher education organized by social forces have been carried out. At the same time, actively set up rural specialties and carry out foreign cooperation and exchanges. At present, the self-study examination system of higher education has been fully developed. As a large-scale, wide-ranging, multi-level, multi-functional, complete organizational system, unified standard system and coordinated management system, higher education self-study examination has occupied an important position in China's education system and has become a new form of higher education that cannot be replaced by ordinary higher education and adult higher education.

[Edit this paragraph] Nature and characteristics

Nature The self-study examination of higher education has dual nature: it is not only a national examination system, but also a new form of education. As a national examination system, it is formulated by the state, and the government examination institutions exercise the examination right on behalf of the state, and implement strict national examinations for all self-taught candidates in accordance with the goals and standards set by the state. The examination results are recognized by the state, and the diplomas obtained are recognized by the state. As a new form of education, it consists of three parts: individual self-study, social assistance and national examination. National examination is the core of this form of education, and individual self-study and social assistance are the concrete manifestations of this form of education. Through the national examination, the achievements of individual self-study and social assistance have been tested and recognized, and have been recognized by the society. Higher education self-study examination has the dual tasks of cultivating talents and selecting talents. Tasks Its main tasks are clearly stipulated in the Regulations issued by the State Council: promoting a wide range of individual self-study and social assistance activities through the national examination and self-study diploma shell 1; 2. Promote on-the-job professional education and continuing education after graduation from university; 3. Cultivate and select professionals with both ability and political integrity; 4. Improve the ideological and moral, scientific and cultural quality of the whole nation to meet the needs of socialist modernization. Characteristics and quality standards The characteristics of higher education self-study examination can be summarized as: maximum openness, wide adaptability, great flexibility, diversity of self-study methods and social assistance, low investment, high efficiency, quick results, self-study, amateur-oriented, and small contradiction between work and study. For example, the self-study exam is open to the whole country and even the whole society, and there is no admission requirement. As long as they are citizens of China people, they are not restricted by gender, age, nationality, race or education level; Major, learning style and place are not limited; If you pass a course, you can get a certificate for a single course. There is no limit to the time and number of exams. If you fail in the exam, you can take it many times and repeat it until you pass it. On the whole, the quality standard of higher education self-study examination is consistent with the requirement of the same academic ability in ordinary colleges and universities. Self-study exams in all subjects belong to the final exam of this subject. After passing a course, obtaining the qualification certificate of the subject, completing the required graduation thesis (design) or other educational practice tasks, and the ideological and moral appraisal meets the requirements, obtaining the graduation certificate of the same level. Undergraduate graduates who meet the requirements of the corresponding degree in the higher education self-study examination shall be awarded the corresponding degree by the institutions of higher learning authorized by the State Council in accordance with the provisions of the Regulations on Academic Degrees in People's Republic of China (PRC).

[Edit this paragraph] Examination institutions

Central Examination Organization (1) National Examination Committee. The Central Committee has a National Higher Education Self-taught Examination Steering Committee (hereinafter referred to as the National Examination Committee), which is responsible for the National Higher Education Self-taught Examination. (2) National Examination Office. The management organization of higher education self-study examination established by the State Education Commission. At the same time, this institution serves as the daily office of the National Examination Committee. This institution is a set of two brands: the Office of Higher Education Self-taught Examination of the State Education Commission and the Office of the National Examination Committee (hereinafter referred to as the National Examination Office). (3) Professional committees and examination research committees. The National Examination Committee consists of 13 Professional Committee and 1 Examination Research Committee. Its work is led by the National Examination Office. Local examination institutions (1) provincial examination committee. All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall establish higher education self-study examination committees (hereinafter referred to as provincial examination committees). (2) the provincial examination office. The administrative departments of education of all provinces (cities, districts) set up the provincial examination committee work management organization (hereinafter referred to as the provincial examination office), and also serve as the daily office of the provincial examination committee. (3) Municipal Examination Committee. The municipal districts under the jurisdiction of the agencies of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions (hereinafter referred to as regions), cities and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall set up higher education self-study examination committees (hereinafter referred to as local examination committees). (4) inspect the school. The examiner's school is a full-time college with strong professional teachers and is selected by the provincial examination Committee. The task is to participate in proposition marking, be responsible for the assessment of practical learning links, countersign graduation certificates, and handle other related work assigned by the provincial examination Committee. The examiner school should set up a higher education self-study examination office. The examiner school is responsible for the work of the provincial examination office. The "Regulations" clearly define the work responsibilities of the national examination committee, the provincial examination committee, the local examination committee and the professional committee.

[Edit this paragraph] Self-study exam application conditions

People's Republic of China (PRC) citizens, regardless of gender, age, nationality, race, education, health status, residence and other restrictions (not limited to household registration, can apply for graduation from other places), can sign up for the examination at the time and place designated by the provincial self-study examination institutions. For majors with special requirements, candidates must register in accordance with relevant regulations. When candidates apply for the undergraduate diploma, they must submit the original diploma of junior college or above recognized by the state, otherwise they will not apply for the undergraduate diploma. You can also apply for an undergraduate course when you are in junior college, but you must have a junior college diploma in national education series when you get an undergraduate diploma.

[Edit this paragraph] Examination time and place

Examination time: Saturday and Sunday. It is mainly divided into two categories: one is that Tianjin implements four exams every year, namely 1, 4, 7 and 10, and arranges two exams every day on Saturday and Sunday of a certain week in these four months; The other is to take the exam twice a year in April and 10, taking Jilin Province as an example, and the exams are arranged on Saturday and Sunday of the week in these two months respectively. Self-taught exams and quizzes: There are two self-taught exams a year, namely, April and June 5438+00, June 5438+00 and July two quizzes. The main exams will be held at or above the county level, while most quizzes will only be held at the municipal level. Professional exams are comprehensive, quizzes only take some public subjects, and you can register for exams across regions. For example, Beijing. Shanxi, the last weekend of April every year and10; Shandong, 1 Saturday and Sunday of the first week, Saturday and Sunday of the second week of April, Saturday and Sunday of the first week of July, 1 Saturday and Sunday of the fourth week. There are four exams in Chongqing every year, namely 1, 4, 7, 1. The general exam is arranged on Saturday and Sunday. 20 10, self-study time is 9 days in June 10 days, and July 10 days1day 17 days 18 days. Written examination at the examination place: generally, experiments and computer classes are conducted in the jurisdiction where the study room is registered: examiner colleges negotiate with the study room, and generally in the laboratories and computer rooms of relevant departments (colleges) in the professional examiner colleges. The validity period of the self-taught examination results is 1, and not all provinces and cities implement the stipulation that the certificate of single subject is valid for 8 years. 2. At present, this regulation has not been implemented in Beijing, Shanghai, Fujian, Shandong, Jiangsu, Hebei, Zhejiang, Xinjiang, Guangdong, Hubei, Sichuan and Hunan. The provinces and cities that have been implemented are Tianjin (implemented in 2000), Heilongjiang (implemented in 2006), Shaanxi (implemented in 2006), Jiangxi (implemented in 2005), Liaoning (implemented in 2004) and Henan (implemented in 2003). 3. There are differences between the new candidates and the old candidates in execution. For old candidates, the single-subject qualified score line starts from the effective time in the local province, which is eight years. Push forward for eight years, not the date of his license. [1] For self-taught exams, the reason for this misunderstanding is that self-taught exams are divided into big exams and quizzes. In fact, the so-called big and small exams are only the differences in the schedule of exams in various provinces and cities, and there is no difference between self-taught exams and self-taught exams. There are still some people who misunderstand the scale of the self-taught examination, because they regard the long and short term of the self-taught examination as the difference in the scale of the self-taught examination. Long-term self-study exam is the so-called social amateur self-study exam. Candidates buy their own books, study by themselves, and then take the exam. The short-term self-study exam is to participate in the self-study class set up by the exam-assisting colleges, receive the training and guidance of the teachers, and then the school organizes the exam. Some self-taught colleges in some provinces and cities also have 1/3 courses to enjoy some preferential policies of the school, such as the examinations of different subjects organized by the school organization department, which reduces the difficulty of the examination. Long-term and short-term self-study exams are just different in learning forms, and the final graduation certificate is exactly the same, which does not exist in the situation that many people say: it is wrong to say that short-term self-study exams only recognize the province but not the country. The graduation certificate of self-study examination is jointly issued by the provincial self-study examination committees and the examiner's college. The short-term self-study examination is the same as the long-term self-study examination. The graduation certificate is finally audited by the examiner's college and sealed by the self-study examination office.

[Edit this paragraph] Teach yourself about Sino-British cooperation

The state pays more and more attention to national education. In view of the demand of the working population and the students who failed in the general college entrance examination for higher education, the Ministry of Education cooperated with the British Examinations Board (UCLES) to design and make up for the problems of the low pass rate of the original self-study exam in China and the disconnection between the learning content and the actual work content, and jointly developed a new self-study exam in China, namely the Chinese-English self-study exam. The British side is responsible for self-taught English textbooks and examination questions, which are in line with British education. The teaching materials are easy to understand and moderately difficult, and there will be no situations where you can't understand and learn. Organize four exams every year, in June 1, April, July and June 10 respectively. You can complete all the exam subjects in one year. The English-Chinese self-taught course is set as specialized course 16 and undergraduate course 14. The examination papers in each subject are divided into two parts: multiple-choice questions and questions (undergraduate plus thesis defense), both of which are written. The examination paper score is 100, and the passing score is 60 (not the average score). If you pass all subjects, you can get the graduation certificate of higher self-study examination issued by the examination center of the Ministry of Education.

[Edit this paragraph] Self-study exam graduation conditions

Candidates who take the higher education self-study exam can only take the graduation exam and apply for the self-study exam graduation certificate if they meet the following conditions. (1) has completed the theoretical courses specified in the professional examination plan and passed the examination results. (2) to complete the professional practice course examination and obtain qualified results. (3) The ideological and moral character meets the requirements after examination. (4) For the undergraduate diploma, you must have a college degree or above recognized by the state. ⑤ If you are a foreign language major (such as English and Japanese), your graduation thesis must be written in the foreign language of your major. China higher education self-study examination candidates according to the professional examination plan after passing all the courses, should be within the prescribed time, to the local self-study examination office to apply for a diploma.

[Edit this paragraph] Self-study exam application transfer procedure

Candidates who need to take the exam outside the province or other cities in the province due to job transfer, graduation assignment, household registration migration and other reasons must go through the transfer procedures. Candidates must hold the admission ticket, ID card, course certificate and relevant certificates, and go through the transfer formalities at the municipal self-study office within the specified time (the specific time is subject to the arrangement of the local self-study office), and fill out the Application Form for Candidates' Transfer Examination. 1. Transfer examination in the province: With the consent of the Municipal Self-study Examination Office, print the Transfer Examination Registration Form in duplicate (the transfer examination registration form includes the basic information of the candidates, the names of the transfer-in and transfer-out cities and the results of qualified courses). One copy shall be kept by the self-study examination office transferred to the city, and the other copy shall be sealed and sent to the self-study examination office transferred to the city for registration. Within the specified time, the municipal self-study office will submit the roster of candidates and the information disk to the provincial self-study office. After the provincial self-study examination office distributes the registration database according to the adjustment information, candidates can apply for the examination at the adjustment place and still use the original admission ticket. 2. Inter-provincial examination transfer: a. Transfer out: with the approval of the transfer-out self-study office, a letter of introduction will be issued, and candidates will go directly to the transfer-in self-study office for registration with the letter of introduction, admission ticket, ID card and course certificate. The transfer-out self-study office will report the basic information of candidates transferred to other provinces and provinces to the provincial self-study office within the specified time. After the examination, the provincial self-examination office will send the candidates' examination files to the relevant provincial self-examination office by confidential letter. B. Transfer-in: Candidates transferred from other provinces to our province will be transferred to the municipal self-study examination office to go through the registration formalities with the certificate of passing the examination. From the transfer to the city study room, register according to the freshmen and get the admission ticket number (candidates with admission tickets in our province do not need to register for freshmen, but must register in the city where the admission ticket is located). After the examination, the municipal self-study office will submit the admission ticket number and basic information of the candidates transferred from other provinces to the provincial self-study office. After the examination by the Provincial Self-taught Examination Office, the qualified scores of candidates from other provinces are included in the provincial record library according to the files of candidates transferred from other provinces, and the qualified scores from other provinces are sent to the Municipal Self-taught Examination Office. 3. Whether it is the intra-provincial transfer examination or the inter-provincial transfer examination, the examination offices at all levels should strictly review the candidates' transfer examination procedures, and candidates who violate the discipline without justifiable reasons or during the suspension of the examination will not be dealt with. During the period of suspension in our province, the achievements transferred from other provinces will not be recognized. Those who apply for off-site examinations in the name of freshmen and fail to go through the examination and transfer procedures are regarded as different candidates, and their files will not be merged upon graduation.

[Edit this paragraph] Education

Education level Higher education self-study exam includes junior college (basic course) and undergraduate education level (including undergraduate and independent undergraduate course). In addition, the professional setting at the secondary school level shall be demonstrated by relevant departments and experts organized by the Provincial Examination Committee, and an application shall be submitted to the National Examination Committee for approval. Professional diploma of each major, by the National Examination Committee issued a professional examination plan and curriculum self-study examination outline, organize the preparation or designation of self-study examination materials. At present, the diplomas are: junior college diploma, undergraduate diploma, professional certificate, single subject certificate and technical secondary school diploma. The regulations on the use and treatment clearly stipulate the use and treatment of graduates: winners of higher education self-study exams (basic courses) or undergraduate graduation certificates, on-the-job personnel, according to the needs of work, in line with the principle of applying what they have learned and giving full play to their strengths, are adjusted by their units or higher authorities; Non-on-the-job personnel (including farmers) shall, according to the needs of the labor and personnel departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, plan to select the best candidates or employ them within the scope of preparation and increase. The salary of the winner of the graduation certificate of higher education self-study examination; Non-on-the-job personnel are the same as similar graduates in ordinary colleges and universities after being hired; If the salary of on-the-job personnel is lower than that of similar graduates of ordinary colleges and universities, it shall be implemented according to the salary standard of similar graduates of ordinary colleges and universities from the date of obtaining the graduation certificate. The use of technical secondary school graduates should be treated according to the Interim Provisions on the Self-study Examination of Secondary Professional Education.

[Edit this paragraph] Interpretation of Recruitment

The difference between the self-taught exam and other exams is that there is no requirement for pre-test education. Self-taught students combine leniency with severity, take the exams arranged by the state and obtain a bachelor's degree. Self-taught academic qualifications are recognized by the state and are common throughout the country. Many European and American countries also recognize China's self-taught degree. At present, various ways to obtain academic qualifications are dazzling: joint entrance examination, self-taught examination, TV University, online education ... What kind of examination is best for you? This is an urgent problem that every scholar needs to know. Only by thoroughly understanding the differences between them can we make ourselves comfortable in various exams. Differences among self-taught, adult-taught, RTVU and online education (distance education) A. Different school-running subjects: All universities have corresponding adult education colleges or continuing education colleges and online education colleges, so the adult college entrance examination and online education are generally run by colleges and universities, but at present some adult education is run by social forces. Strictly speaking, there is no discipline in running a school, and it depends entirely on individual self-study. Now there are short-term self-study exams, which are generally run by individuals or non-governmental organizations and universities, but they are generally under the banner of universities. Radio and TV University is run by local radio and TV universities. B. Different enrollment targets: The enrollment targets of adult education in China are mainly on-the-job and unemployed people, people who have left formal schools, and professional and technical personnel and managers who have received higher education, from which we can see that it is a veritable adult education. But at present, it is somewhat loose, and more and more high school graduates join the adult education army. The situation of self-taught examination and TV University is similar to that of adult examination. C. Diplomas are different: Diplomas in adult education and online education are awarded by adult education colleges of various universities. Which university will be stamped when you graduate? There are two chapters on the graduation certificate of self-taught examination, one is the chapter of the examiner's college, and the other is the chapter of the local self-taught examination Committee; Radio and TV University is a branch of local radio and TV University. In addition, there are self-taught and adult undergraduate courses, online education and TV universities, and eligible countries can also award bachelor's degrees. However, the bachelor's degree certificate will indicate that it is a bachelor's degree in higher education self-study exam/adult higher education/TV University/online education. D. Different examination methods and difficulties: Adult higher education has entrance examinations, and students have to pass the adult college entrance examination, but the adult college entrance examination is much lower in difficulty and admission scores. Generally speaking, the test difficulty is only equivalent to the level of junior high school graduation, and the admission score is only about 1/3 to 1/2 of the ordinary college entrance examination. Basically, as long as you get a score of 200 or 300, you can enter the adult undergraduate course, and it is very wide. Admission to the higher education self-study exam is called "lenient entry and strict exit". Students can enter the school directly without passing the exam, but if they want to get the diploma recognized by the state, they have to pass the national unified public examination one by one. Self-study exams are all given by the state, and the exams are open to the public, so it is the most difficult. However, RTVU has no entrance examination, and the examinations after entering are all internal examinations, which is a mode of wide entry and wide exit. As long as you sign up for tuition, you can basically graduate; Online education is similar to TV University, and the exam is basically just a form. Therefore, among these forms of continuing education, self-study examination is the most difficult and the process is arduous, and it is easier to pass the examination, while TV University and online education are the easiest. E. Different ways of learning: Among the three kinds of exams, the most common way of learning is to pass the exam: full-time full-time study, evening classes, correspondence, and even early TV universities are all ways of adult education. This has great autonomy for students: if you have enough energy and financial resources, you can choose full-time study and experience real college life; If you want to charge yourself while working, you can choose Night University. If you want to go to a famous university in other places, you can also study by correspondence without leaving home. Relatively speaking, there are few ways to learn self-study exams, and they are basically amateur self-study. (Of course, there will also be self-taught remedial classes in larger cities). Radio and TV universities and online schools are also amateur studies. F, the gold content is different: people often ask what the gold content is between these continuing education qualifications. In fact, these diplomas of continuing education are recognized by the state just like ordinary full-time education (provided that they are in institutions). However, the most difficult self-study exam has the highest gold content, almost the same as ordinary full-time, and it is highly recognized in enterprises. Steps of the self-study exam A. To know that the self-study exam needs to take the self-study exam, we must first have a preliminary understanding of the self-study exam system in higher education in China. Self-study examination of higher education is an important part of higher education in China. It is a form of higher education with China characteristics, which combines individual self-study, social assistance and national examination. Moreover, candidates who take the self-taught examination are not limited by gender, age, nationality, race and education level, and can choose relevant majors according to their own conditions and participate in the study of this professional course without passing the joint examination. After the unified examination organized by the state, I got qualified results. After passing all the theoretical and practical courses stipulated in the teaching plan, you can get a college diploma or an undergraduate diploma. Undergraduate graduates can also apply for a bachelor's degree. Self-taught degree is recognized by the state, and self-taught graduates enjoy the same treatment as similar graduates in ordinary colleges and universities. The Higher Education Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) clearly stipulates that "the state implements the system of self-study examination for higher education, and those who pass the examination will be issued with corresponding academic certificates". The Provisional Regulations on Higher Education Self-taught Examination issued by the State Council also clearly stipulates that "the treatment of graduates of higher education self-taught examination is the same as that of similar graduates in ordinary universities". B. prepare to choose a major before registration. First of all, we should carefully read the Examination Instructions issued by the Higher Education Self-taught Examination Committee of this province (city), understand the registration time, registration place, registration procedure, major of the examination and the curriculum arrangement of this examination, and carefully choose the major to apply for according to the nature of the work and the actual situation. When choosing a major, we should pay attention to the fact that there are many majors in various provinces, some of which are open to the society and candidates are not limited; Some majors are entrusted by departments, which are limited to on-the-job personnel in this system; Some undergraduate majors and special majors (such as medical majors) still have some specific requirements for candidates' academic qualifications and occupations. You should first consider your hobbies. Interest is the best teacher. Only when you are interested can you really devote yourself to your study. Secondly, we should choose a major suitable for our own cultural foundation to ensure the smooth progress of learning. For example, if you have a good mathematical foundation and flexible logical thinking, you can consider choosing a science and engineering major; If you have a good memory, you can choose a major with strong memory. Third, we should fully consider the needs of the society and the development of the industry, and choose some majors whose supply exceeds demand in society, which will have an impact on job hunting and employment in the future. The higher education self-study exam has two academic levels: junior college and undergraduate, and three professional types: junior college, undergraduate and independent undergraduate course. On the basis of choosing a good major, determine the courses to be tested this time and go through the registration procedures within the specified time. After choosing the major and course to be tested this time, you should buy the professional examination plan of this major as soon as possible, and conduct self-study according to the syllabus of the course self-study examination of related courses and the specified required reading materials. C. Matters needing attention in selecting remedial classes and teaching materials The selection of remedial classes is an intermediate link connecting self-learners and national examinations, and it is a bridge and link to help self-learners succeed. The organizational forms of social assistance can be roughly divided into the following types: (1) Self-taught assistance in colleges and universities. Including ordinary institutions of higher learning, but also TV universities, party organizations, youth league organizations, cadre schools and other institutions at all levels. Most of these schools provide full-time education for full-time study. Teaching facilities are relatively complete, teachers are strong, and there are many aided majors, which is more suitable for high school graduates and non-amateur learners to continue their studies. (2) Self-taught students sponsored by the entrusting department and the employing unit. Including schools organized by departments, training centers and various forms of counseling stations. The biggest advantage of this kind of department's aid construction is to organically combine the specialty of self-taught aid construction with the talent training direction needed for development, and form a systematic and organized aid construction copy. After the examination by the Municipal Self-taught Office, the relevant certification materials and the information base of the candidates who are exempt from examination shall be submitted to the Provincial Self-taught Office for examination and approval. After the course exemption is approved, the relevant certification materials will be returned to me, and the provincial self-study office will print the course exemption certificate and issue it to the candidates. Please refer to the provincial exemption regulations summarized in Self-taught Examination 365. The specific transfer procedures are slightly different in different provinces and cities. Self-taught 365 strongly recommends that candidates call the local self-taught office for consultation.

[Edit this paragraph] Distinguish contacts

The difference and connection between undergraduate course and independent undergraduate course ① Difference: Undergraduate course is a part of undergraduate major, which is directly related to its basic courses. Independent undergraduate course is a professional type of self-study exam, which is independent from the junior college level. This major is not directly related to the specialties of the same major. ② Cohesion: Both majors are the starting points of specialties, and both hold nationally recognized academic qualifications.