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Foreword:

Part I: Problems and research dimensions.

The second part: theoretical basis-the characteristics of network communication and the basic rules of network news editing.

The third part: Macro-perspective-the editing thought of network news and the needs of network news audience.

The fourth part: the middle perspective-the planning of online news editors and the needs of online news audiences.

Part V: Micro-perspective-the practice of online news editing and the needs of online news audience.

Conclusion:

VIII. Indexes and Bibliography:

Thesis: (The following is a list of index links)

Topic: "On the Editorial Rules of Network News —— Analysis of Multiple Needs of Network News Audience"

First, problems and research dimensions;

Second, the characteristics of network communication and the basic rules of network news editing

1, the characteristics of network communication;

2. Openness-the basic rule of online news editing;

Third, the idea of network news editors and the diversified needs of network audiences;

1, the positioning of online news editors and the diverse needs of audiences;

2. Network news editing function analysis and audience psychological guidance:

3. The concept of online news editing and the satisfaction of multi-level needs:

Fourthly, the planning of network news editing and the demand of network news audience;

1, the definition and content of network news editing planning;

2. The function analysis of network news editing and planning and the satisfaction of audience demand;

3. The characteristics of network news editing and planning;

Fifth, the practice of online news editing and the needs of online news audiences;

1. The content research of online news editors and "catering" and "guiding" the audience;

2. Research on the formation of online news editing form and effective communication situation;

3. Special means of network news editing:

Network media is a brand-new media that appeared in the last few years of the 20th century. It is called the "fourth media" after newspapers, radio and television, and its appearance has brought profound changes to the field of communication. A brand-new media, a brand-new communication field, is attracting academic circles to conduct in-depth research on it. "Network news editing" is an important and practical aspect in many research contents of network communication. This paper chooses it as the research theme and takes the diversified needs of the audience as the starting point. All the surveys in this paper are closely related to the audience.

This paper makes a classification study from three aspects: macro perspective-network news editing thought and the diverse needs of the audience; meso perspective-network news editing planning and the diverse needs of the audience; and micro perspective-network news editing practice and the diverse needs of the audience. It is proposed that the editors of online news should have the editorial ideas of "all history", "all society", "all audience" and "all weather". It is pointed out that "openness" is the basic law of network news editing "; In addition, this paper also discusses the economic functionality of network news planning from three aspects: content, function and characteristics. From the microscopic aspect, through the investigation of the present situation of "content construction" and "form presentation" of online news editors, this paper puts forward the corresponding benign construction standards of content and form.

Key words: editing rules, editing ideas, editing planning, editing practice, openness and audience demand of online news.

abstract

The Internet appeared in the last decade of the 20th century, and is regarded as the fourth media after newspapers, radio and television, and is leading a large-scale mass communication revolution. More and more study and research work is focused on new forms of media and new departments. Network news editing is one of the most important and practical aspects in the research. Starting from the diversified needs of the audience, this paper discusses the network news editing closely related to the audience.

This paper makes a classification study from three angles: first, a macro study, which mainly focuses on the principles of online news editing and the diversified needs of audiences; B) Mesoscopic research, focusing on Internet news planning and the diverse needs of audiences; C) Micro-research, focusing on the practice of online news editing and the diverse needs of the audience. Network news editing should follow the principles of full historical coverage, full social coverage, full audio-visual coverage and full time coverage, because borderless is the basic law of network news editing. In addition, the function control of economic role in network news editing is also studied from the aspects of content, function and characteristics of network news planning. Through the microscopic study of content structure and layout design, this paper puts forward the standard of well-designed and well-written news.

Key words: basic rules, principles, planning, practice, boundlessness and audience demand of online news editing.

Network communication is a brand-new way of communication, and the network characteristics based on "technology" endow it with some brand-new characteristics, so it is of great practical significance to study such a "brand-new, rising" media.

In this paper, among the many research directions of network communication, one aspect-"network news editing" is selected as the research theme; Among many research methods and perspectives, the psychological perspective, which is rarely used in the study of online communication at present, is chosen to explore the editing rules of online news from the diversified needs of the audience.

In order to fully reflect all aspects of "network news editing", this paper makes a classification study from three aspects: "macro perspective-network news editing thought and the diverse needs of the audience", "medium perspective-network news editing planning and the diverse needs of the audience" and "micro perspective-network news editing practice and the diverse needs of the audience". In the research process, we pay attention to "the comparative study of online media and traditional media", "the interactive study of their advantages and disadvantages" and "the study of combining communication theory with news examples".

In the second part of this paper, through the in-depth analysis of the characteristics of network communication, the argument that "openness is the basic law of network news editing" is put forward. The discussion of each part in this paper is based on the understanding of this basic law.

The third part of this paper discusses the important role of "editorial thinking" in online news editing, and puts forward that online news editors should have the editorial thinking of "all history", "all society", "all audience" and "all weather".

In the fourth part of this paper, the research on "network news planning" is a brand-new field in the research of network editing, and the research on this subject in academic circles is still insufficient at present. This paper discusses the content, function and characteristics of network news planning. Special attention is paid to "the requirements and influence of economic function on network news planning" and "how to realize the dual benefits of economy and society in network news planning?" "The special form of network news planning" and other issues, this paper attempts to explore the proposition of "how to grasp the economic function in network news editing planning" through superficial discussion.

The fifth part of this paper focuses on the micro-level of "online news editing practice", and through the analysis of "kitsch tendency of online news content", puts forward the corresponding "standards and laws of online news editing content construction"; Through the analysis of "the bad present situation of network news forms", this paper puts forward the corresponding "standards and laws of network news editing forms". This paper also puts forward some special means of network news editing based on technology for the first time-"publishing/reading the most news" and "promoting content".

In the research process, we pay attention to "the comparative study of online media and traditional media", "the interactive study of their advantages and disadvantages" and "the study of combining communication theory with news examples".

The first part is the problem and research dimension.

First of all, this question:

The topic selection and discussion of this paper are based on a realistic level: since 1995, when the Internet appeared all over the world, thousands of websites have mushroomed. Although the main content and business model of each website are complex, providing information and services is almost the common goal of all websites. During this period, a brand-new profession was born: network news editor-a brand-new profession, whose task is to provide information and information services for the audience. Accompanied by new things, academic circles may pay more attention to the proposition of "the influence of audience demand on online news editing" and "the concrete embodiment of audience demand in the process of online news editing". Specifically, it requires academic circles to study the following questions from the perspective of audience demand: "What kind of information and services are the audience concerned about? How to provide these information and services proved to be effective? Are there some practical standards for reference? What fields should online news editing involve and what fields should not? What is the depth and breadth involved? What is the relationship between the audience, disseminator (editor), communication technology, information and other elements involved in the editing process of online news? How to form a benign interaction between them?

As an important content of network communication, the research of network news editing stems from the need and urgency of reality;

Network communication is a brand-new thing. For the whole internet, it is still in childhood (from

From 1995 to today, less than 6 years), compared with traditional media, it lacks the accumulation of experience and the exploration of laws. Brand-new things are like white paper, full of temptations to be cultivated.

Second, network communication is a new field. Brand-new is full of suspense, and "upward trend" means that research is more valuable. From the point of view of the whole world or China, the whole network business is still in the stage of rapid development, the number of netizens is increasing month by month, the content of web pages is constantly being renovated, and the scope of network popularization is getting deeper and wider. All these show that the research on network communication has forward-looking and practical significance.

Third, the research on network communication is still insufficient. Compared with traditional media, the research on this new field of network communication at home and abroad is relatively weak. 1997, scholars in Taiwan Province province made a research on "the spread of academic resources on the global information network". They used keywords to query "websites related to mass communication" and found 56 Chinese and English communication research and education websites in the Asia-Pacific region, including 38 in Taiwan Province Province, 9 in Australia, 3 in Hong Kong, 2 in Singapore, 2 in Japan and Thailand 1. As for Chinese mainland, no website has been found. (See: Introduction to Network News Communication, edited by Lei Yuejie and Xin Xin, p. 16, Beijing Broadcasting Institute Press, 2000) Although there are communication academic websites similar to China Communication Review in China, compared with the increasing phenomenon of network communication, the academic research on network communication is still insufficient in depth and breadth.

It has its own advantages and uniqueness to study the laws of online news editing from the perspective of psychology. When studying the rules of online news editing, this paper chooses the perspective of psychology to examine online news editing from the perspective of the diverse needs of the audience. In the discussion, we pay more attention to the diverse characteristics of the audience's needs, the psychological interaction mechanism of the audience, and the "foot" and "deficiency" of the network news gathering and editing work in meeting the audience's needs.

We know that technology endows the network with interactive characteristics, which makes the psychological interaction between sender and receiver more frequent and profound than traditional media, and the psychological interaction between sender and receiver profoundly affects all aspects of the network communication process. Therefore, it is easier to approach and deepen the essence of the problem from this perspective. On the other hand, at present, the academic research on network communication still stays in the theoretical discussion at the macro level. For example, the current research mainly focuses on: "1" to discuss the influence of the fourth media on mass communication theory; 2) Explore the relationship between the fourth media and news media; 3) Discuss the construction and management of news media network; 4) Review of domestic and international network laws and regulations; 5) Investigate journalists' use of the Internet. "(See Introduction to Internet News Communication, 16. ) At the micro level, for example, there is not much research on the practice of network communication from the perspective of psychology and audience demand. This paper attempts to make some tentative discussions on its theoretical significance from this perspective.

Due to the close involvement of technology, unlike traditional news editors, online news editors have decided that their contents and trends will be more and more closely influenced by technology since their birth. Network news editors will continue to develop and change with the progress of technology, and every technological innovation will affect the content and mode of network news editing. This influence may be gradual, or it may be an instantaneous breakthrough. It is the deep involvement of technology that makes online news editing more dynamic and open. Therefore, the research on it must also choose a dynamic, multidimensional and open perspective.

Second, the research dimension:

In the traditional sense, editorial research generally pays attention to three aspects: reporting policy, reporting planning and reporting practice. These three aspects constitute the whole content of editing science. Although online news editing is a brand-new subject, the research on it is still inseparable from the above three aspects. Therefore, this paper adopts traditional editing methods in the choice of research dimensions, and studies from three aspects: macro-network news editing thought, meso-network news editing planning and micro-network news editing practice.

Thinking of macro-network news editors and multiple needs of audiences;

This paper regards "editing thought" as an important aspect of discussion. In addition to the fact that "editing thought" is an aspect of traditional editing science, it is more important that "editing thought" was once ignored or never paid enough attention in the process of network communication, which may be due to the "technological determinism" or "diversification of communication subjects" in network editing work. However, the misunderstanding and misreading of online editing work has brought and is still bringing adverse effects to the current online editing work. Re-understanding from the source is helpful to the benign development of the specific operation of online news editors. Starting from "better meeting the diverse needs of the audience", this paper puts forward the concept of "all history, all society, all audience and all weather" for online news editors, and emphatically emphasizes that online news editors should have a comprehensive and responsible attitude towards history, society and audience.

The middle view-the planning of network news editors and the diverse needs of audiences;

For a long time, news planning research, as an important part of editorial science, has not been paid due attention. In recent years, with the process of media industrialization, this issue has re-entered the field of academic research. Undoubtedly, for the research of online news editing, online news planning is an extremely important aspect. The goal of network news planning is to make its news products accepted and loved by more audiences. Therefore, the research on it must be based on a careful analysis of the psychological characteristics and diverse needs of the audience.

Network news has been at the forefront of media industrialization since its birth. Compared with traditional media, it has stronger commodity attributes and economic functions. This makes network news planning unique in function and mode. This paper attempts to discuss "the requirement and influence of economic function on network news planning" and "how to realize the dual benefits of economy and society in network news planning?" "Special form of network news planning" and so on. The purpose is to try to explore the proposition of "how to grasp the economic function in the planning of online news editing" through superficial discussion.

Micro-network news editing practice and diverse needs of audiences;

The research on macro-editorial thinking and meso-editorial planning aims to outline the broad vision and mind that online news editors should have. They are recessive and stable, and more show a normal state. The specific editing work of "the selection of every manuscript, the construction of every web page and the design of every link" belongs to editing practice, which is more manifested as dominance, dynamics and direct feelings of the audience. Therefore, the in-depth study of it has the most realistic guiding significance.

Through the research on the content selection of online news editors, such as "long and short", "new and old", "soft and hard", "deep and shallow", "true and false" and "originality and integration"; Through the study of web page space, information arrangement, layout color and navigation structure in the presentation of online news editing form; Through the research on the special arrangement means based on network technology, such as "news above news" and "editing means of selling content", it is helpful to better answer "What does the audience hate?" "What do the audience like?" "How to satisfy and enhance the audience's preferences?" Wait a series of questions. So as to find a way to realize the benign interaction between communication and acceptance and the efficient dissemination of online news.

Network news takes the network as the communication platform. On the one hand, the characteristics of network communication will inevitably affect the characteristics of network news editing; On the other hand, in the process of editing and editing online news, we should always pay attention to the characteristics of online communication. Only in this way can online news better carry forward the advantages brought by technology, which is different from the news form of traditional media, and has the reason for independent existence and the possibility of sustainable development.

This part will explore the basic law of online news editing-openness law through the analysis of the characteristics of online communication and the comparative study between online editors and traditional media editors. The discussion in the following sections will be based on the Basic Law.

First, the characteristics of network communication analysis

At present, there are many explanations about the characteristics of network communication.

For example, the characteristics of online media can be summarized as: 1) beyond the time and space constraints; 2) massive information; 3) multimedia; 4) interactivity; 5) niche (essentially emphasizing personalized service); (See: Introduction to Network Communication, edited by Zhang and Teng Qian, pages 77-80, Fudan University Press). The characteristics of network communication can be summarized as follows: 1) diversification of communication subjects; 2) Multimedia communication mode; 3) Interaction of communication relations; 4) Individualization and initiative of information reception; 5) the rapidity of information dissemination; 6) the extensiveness of communication content; 7) Globalization of communication environment; (See: Introduction to Network News Communication, edited by Lei Yuejie and Xin Xin, 54-70 pages, Beijing Broadcasting Institute Press) and summarize the characteristics of network communication as: 1) interactivity; 2) quality; 3) immediacy; 4) Hypertext information retrieval mode; 5) Personalization of media; (See: Network Monsoon Series: Everyone is King, Shandong Literature and Art Publishing House)

To sum up the expressions scattered in newspapers and works, although the expressions of all parties are different in terms of wording, sentence formation and emphasis on elements, they still have a certain understanding of the basic characteristics of network communication. In a word, it is generally acknowledged that network communication has completely different characteristics from traditional media in the following aspects: interactivity, popularity, multimedia, immediacy, personalization, hypertext and so on.

1) interactivity: traditional media transmits information to the audience in one direction, while network communication provides an information channel for two-way transmission. With the analysis of "logical topology" (which is a method to describe the logical process of information transmission in different network systems), the logical topology of traditional media is a star structure, that is, central production and four-sided transmission. Its characteristics are 1) central node: newspapers, radio stations and TV stations are the only sources of information in communication; 2) One-way flow: information flows from the information source to the terminal "receiver"; 3) The terminal points are isolated from each other and are not connected; 4) The central node copies the same information in batches and transmits it to the terminal point in one direction. This structure makes the traditional media basically decide what kind of information according to their own judgment, and the audience can only accept it in its entirety, forming the stereotype of "I pass it on to you". Online media communicate equally based on completely different information platforms. The logical topology of network propagation is circular, which is characterized by: 1) There is no central node in the topology, and each node can be used as an information source to send information to other nodes; 2) Two-way flow: any node can send back feedback information to the node that sent the information; 3) The nodes in the network are not isolated, and any two points can exchange information in both directions through the network; 4) There is more than one communication path between any two points. The network communication with this logical topology itself has the characteristics of two-way communication, which makes two-way communication more frequent and in-depth than traditional media. (See: Introduction to Network News Communication, edited by Lei Yuejie and Xin Xin of Beijing Broadcasting Institute)

2) Massive: The Internet connects computers all over the world, thus forming a huge database. Any event that happens at any time and any place in the world may become the information of the network and be widely spread. Compared with traditional media, due to its unique technical advantages, it can escape many restrictions such as newspaper layout, fixed time of radio and television, program capacity and so on. The computer network space-time created by technology can cover almost all the news information in the world; In addition, due to the diversification of communication subjects, "everyone can become an information source"-to maximize the continuous flow of network information; Secondly, due to the existence of the database, historical news information can be preserved vertically, and it is the breadth and depth of information collection that forms the mass characteristics of network communication.

3) Multimedia: Newspapers use words and pictures to transmit news through paper media, broadcasting uses sound to transmit information, and television uses sound and pictures to broadcast programs. Network media is compatible with text, charts (movies), sound, animation, images and other modes of communication to save information, express information and send information. The multimedia characteristics of network communication are compatible with various forms of communication to the maximum extent, enriching the means of news communication. The audience also has many free choices. They can choose silent words, audio and video, illustrated pictures and other forms according to their own preferences, and all kinds of senses can be fully mobilized.

4) immediacy: newspapers use paper media to transmit information, and the speed of communication is limited by the mode of transportation and retail links; Radio and television take the form of wireless electromagnetic signals. Due to the limitation of signal transmission coverage, other means are needed to help obtain signals outside the transmission range, and the increase of links will greatly affect the transmission speed; The carrier of network news dissemination is optical fiber communication line, and the speed of optical fiber transmission of digital signals is 300,000 kilometers per second, which can reach anywhere in the world instantly, thus technically ensuring the real-time nature of network news dissemination. In addition, traditional media needs a production cycle and a deadline. However, online news dissemination is not subject to this restriction. News articles can be sent at any time, 24 hours a day, and the audience can know what happened at the first time.

5) Personalization: Negroponte pointed out in Digital Survival that mass media should be redefined as "a system that sends and receives personalized information and entertainment". The personalized characteristics of network communication are very obvious, and the advantages brought by technology can make the audience calmly use various retrieval tools to "get what they need" in various databases; The audience can also freely choose the time, place and media expression form of information reception; At the same time, as the sender at the other end of network communication, we can also use an "information push technology" to provide professional services for users according to their needs. Information dissemination in the network appears personalized and unique.

6) Hypertext: Different from traditional media, network communication is a brand-new way of communication based on hypertext and hyperlink. Hypertext is very different from traditional text information, which is represented by character strings and organized in linear form. It organizes all kinds of information not by characters but by nodes. A node is an "information block", and the information in the node can be text, image, graph, animation, sound or their combination. Its information is organized into a network structure, and the nodes are linked through a relationship chain, thus forming an information network that expresses specific content. It can quickly jump from one place to another in a cross-correlation way, breaking the restriction that the original system can only access sequentially and linearly, and it is convenient and flexible to retrieve. Hypertext gives network communication many advantages, for example, it forms a complex network information structure, and the system can link according to different query conditions, thus making network communication have a powerful retrieval function; In addition, it has a good editing function, which can be edited in multiple windows, so that network editing can easily accommodate more elements.

Second, openness-the basic rule of online news editing

For traditional news editing work such as newspaper, radio and television, besides macro editing rules such as "checking" and "speaking" and micro editing rules such as "fluent manuscript (audio-visual) and strong sense of rhythm (column)", it also has its own outstanding and fundamental characteristics. For example, newspaper editors emphasize "harmonious layout". It is these characteristics that constitute different editing rules of different media, so what are the basic characteristics and laws of online news editing?

Network is a platform that can accommodate all the communication functions of newspapers, radio and television. Therefore, it can be said that in the editing of online news, the partial text (such as online newspaper) should pay attention to "layout harmony", the partial voice (such as online TV) should pay attention to "colloquialism and conformity with the auditory law", and the partial audio and video should pay attention to "integration of sound and picture". From this perspective, online news editors should follow all the rules of traditional media editing. But does it have its own rules? Is there a basic law that is different from others and exclusive?

This paper holds that, putting aside all appearances and studying online news editing deeply, we can find that "openness" is the basic law of online news editing, a main line running through all aspects of online news editing, and a basic feature that distinguishes online news editing from other media editors.

Internet is essentially an open cyberspace. It is this "maximum openness in time and space" that endows network communication with many characteristics such as interactivity, mass, immediacy, multimedia, personalization and hypertext. Through the in-depth analysis of these communication characteristics of the network, it is not difficult to find that "openness" is their most basic feature. Therefore, the author thinks that, just as the basic editing rules of the above media are "harmonious layout" of newspapers, "colloquial and auditory" of broadcasting and "integration of sound and picture" of television, "open" rules are the basic rules of online media.

The "openness" mentioned here includes three levels: openness in time, openness in space and openness in technology. Let's analyze the six characteristics of network communication in turn: interactivity, popularity, immediacy, multimedia, personalization and hypertext, so as to demonstrate the proposition that "openness" is the basic law of network media.

1) interactivity: interactivity includes "one person to one person, one person to many people, many people to one person, many people to many people". The formation of interaction is brought about by the openness of time and space. Time and space are open, so that "here and there, here and there, this person and that person" can spread at different times, in the same place or in different places, and the openness of time and space gives more depth and breadth to communication.

2) Mass: The characteristics of mass can be understood from three aspects: first, network communication has achieved global coverage of the region (which is caused by the opening of space); Second, network communication has realized mass storage of information (this is caused by the openness in time and space-network communication can accommodate all information from all over the world horizontally, and the huge database can accommodate historical information vertically); Third, the qualitative diversity of information storage in network communication (information in network communication can be stored in various forms such as "words, images, sounds, animations", which is the result of open technology)

3) Instantaneity: Thanks to the advantages brought by technology, the Internet can realize the "instant" transmission of information, which is not limited by printing, transportation, distribution and other factors, with fast transmission speed and strong timeliness. Openness in time is the premise and guarantee of instant news dissemination; In addition, every netizen is a news clue provider and a news publisher. "No newspaper, broadcasting company or television organization on the earth has the strength to arrange them in all parts of the world to deal with emergencies" (see: Network Monsoon Series-Everyone is King-Shandong Literature and Art Publishing House). In this sense, the premise of immediacy of network communication lies in "openness of space".

4) Multimedia: Network communication has realized the multimedia communication of "words, sounds, images, animations" and other means, which is the direct result brought by the opening of technology. The openness of technology enhances the capacity of the network itself, and the openness of technology extends and mobilizes various sensory systems of human beings.

5) Personalization: Personalization means that the audience can "watch freely at any time" (open in time), "freely choose the content from all over the world" (open in time and space), and "freely choose the receiving method (audio with or without images or illustrations-any combination of different media functions)" (open in technology). Is it the openness of time, space and technology that has made "personal newspaper" and "my news" and other individuals? /ca & gt；