Classical treatise
Cao pi
Scholars despise each other since ancient times. Fu Yizhi in Ban Gu 'er's ear, though young, said firmly to his younger brother, "Wuzhong regards being able to return to Wen as the history of Lantai, so he can't stop writing." Madam is good at self-observation, but literature is not an organic whole, and it is rarely prepared, so she has her own strengths and weaknesses. There is a saying in China Chinese: "If there is a broken broom at home, give it to your daughter." I can't see myself.
Today's literati: Kong Ju from Lu, Chen Zhang from Guangling, Wang Shen from Beihai, Xu from Ruan Yu, Liu Chen, De Lian from Yunyang in Runan, Serina Liu from Dongping, and Qizi, who have nothing left to read and speak, are proud of their achievements of thousands of miles. It's hard to get this suit! Mr. Gai judges himself and others, so as to avoid fatigue and write a paper.
RoyceWong is good at ci-fu, while Xu Gan is full of aura, but he is a charming horse. Such as the beginning of charm, going upstairs, writing poems, thinking, mysterious apes, missing flowers, round fans, and dried orange poems. Although Zhang and Cai are just like this, they are not in other articles. Secretary Lin and Zhang also made a statement today. Angelababy is harmonious but not strong; Liu Zhen is strong but not dense. Kong Rong's body is exquisite and has its own advantages; However, you can't hold a theory and you can't talk about it. As for ridicule; Its goodness, yang, and Banno also. Ordinary people are lofty, loyal to their own voices, suffering from self-righteousness and claiming to be virtuous.
The husband's text is the same, but it is different at the end. Beautiful cover, reasonable style, realistic inscription and beautiful poetry. These four subjects are different, so what you can do is partial subjects; Only communication can prepare the body.
The text is mainly qi, clear and turbid, but not strong. For example, although all kinds of music have uniform curvature and consistent rhythm, as for uneven bleeding, they are skillful and skillful. Although they are brothers, they cannot transfer their children.
Cover the article, the great cause of the country, the immortal event. The years of life sometimes end, and glory ends in the body. Both will reach a normal period, not endless articles. Based on ancient authors, I am attached to calligraphy, and my opinions are based on articles. He didn't fake the words of history, nor did he rely on the trend of flying, but his fame was later autobiographical.
Therefore, Xibo is quiet and easy to perform, and Zhou Dan is an obvious gift, not in vagueness and thoughtfulness, not in entertainment. Husband, however, the ancients were mean and heavy, and it was too late. And many people are not strong; Being poor is not afraid of hunger and cold, but being rich is not enough for pleasure, so you can do what you are doing now and leave behind a thousand years of achievements. The sun and the moon passed away from the peak, and their physical appearance fell to the bottom, suddenly leaving everything, which is a great pain for people with lofty ideals!
Rong and others have passed away, only doing theory and becoming a family statement.
Reference translation
Scholars despise each other, as it has been since ancient times. Fu Yi and Ban Gu are equally talented in humanities. However, Ban Gu despises Yi Fu. In a letter to his younger brother Ban Chao, he said, "Fu Wuzhong became an official in the history of Lantai because he can write articles, but he wrote thousands of words, which is endless. Ordinary people are always good at seeing their own advantages. However, there is not only one genre of articles, and few people are good at all genres. So everyone always uses what they are good at to despise what others are not good at. There is a saying in the village: "If you have a broken broom at home, you will know that it is worth thousands of dollars. "This is can't see their own problems.
There are only seven literati left, namely Kong Wenju in Shandong, Chen in Guangling, Wang in Yang Shan, Xu Weichang in Beihai, Ruan Wenyu in Chen Liu, Ying Yun in Runan, Serina Liu in Dongping and Liu Gonggan. This "seven sons" are (eclectic) in learning (so to speak), and they are (self-made) if they don't borrow others' words. It's really hard for them to admire each other because they are all kindred spirits. I look at myself (I think I have the ability) to measure others, so I can write this paper without this drag (scholars despise each other).
RoyceWong is good at ci-fu, and Xu Gan (article) has the habit of soothing people from time to time, but it is also comparable to RoyceWong. For example, RoyceWong's Fu on Initial Expropriation, Fu on Climbing the Building, Fu on Feeling and Fu on Thinking, and Xu Gan's Fu on Xuanyuan, Fu on Missing Flowers, Fu on Fan, and Fu on Orange are all beyond Zhang Heng and Cai Yong's reach. However, other articles can't compare with this. Chen Lin and Ruan Yu's chapters, tables, books and notes (several genres of articles) are outstanding today. Ying Yun (article) is peaceful but not majestic enough, while Serina Liu (article) is atmospheric but not detailed enough. Kong Rong's charm is elegant and extraordinary, but he is not good at making arguments, and his words are better than reasoning, even mixed with jokes and teasing words. As for what he is good at (genre), he is first-class in Yang Xiong and Bangu. Most people value the ancients, despise the present, advocate fame, ignore reality, fail to see their own shortcomings, and always think they are virtuous.
The essence of an article (expressing its content in words) is the same, but the details (genre and form) are different. Therefore, it is appropriate to play sparingly and criticize elegantly, letters and argumentations should be reasonable, inscriptions and obituaries should be appropriate, and poems should be gorgeous. The styles of these four subjects are different, so people with culture (often) have preferences; Only a generalist can be good at all kinds of articles.
The article focuses on "qi", which is clear and turbid, and cannot be obtained by hard work. Using music as a metaphor, the melody rhythm of music has the same measurement, but the sound of luck is not so neat, and the usual skills also have advantages and disadvantages. Although they are fathers and brothers, they cannot teach their sons and brothers.
The article is related to the great achievements of governing the country, and it is a great cause that can be passed down to future generations and will last forever. People's age and life span are limited by time, and honor and joy can only be combined in the end. Both of them end in a certain period of time, which can't be circulated forever like articles, and there is no shortage. Therefore, ancient authors, who devote themselves to writing and express their thoughts and opinions in articles and books, do not need to borrow the words of historians or rely on the power of senior officials, and their fame can naturally be passed on to future generations.
As a result, Zhou Wenwang was jailed and interpreted the Book of Changes, and Zhou Gongdan had an insightful bar mitzvah. King Wen didn't stop his career because of poverty, and Duke Zhou didn't change his ambition because of his great insight. Therefore, the ancients looked down on a foot of jasper and valued an inch of time because they were afraid of the passage of time. Most people don't want to work hard, the poor are afraid of cold and hunger, and the rich are addicted to ease and happiness, so they only know how to manage what is in front of them and give up achievements that can last for thousands of years. The sun and the moon move in the sky, but the human body looks old day by day underground, and suddenly dies of old age like everything else. This is a sad thing for people with lofty ideals!
Kong Rong and others have all passed away, and only Xu Gan wrote On China, which became a family statement.
Dian Lun Wen is the first literary monograph in the history of China's literary criticism, written by Cao Pi, that is, Wei Wendi. Dian Lun is a collection of political, social, moral and cultural essays he wrote when he was the king of Wei at the end of Jian 'an. The whole book consists of many articles. Essays are one of them, and Essays on Canon is one of the 20 articles written by Cao Pi, which is written in the form of "Zi" book and is a collection of essays on a series of state affairs. But it's a pity that most of these twenty articles have been split up to now, leaving only fragmentary chapters. Fortunately, the paper was selected by Xiao Tong in the Southern Dynasties into Selected Works of Zhaoming, and it was completely preserved.
Correlation evaluation
Cao Pi's Dian Lun Thesis is the first monograph in the history of China's literary criticism. The literary criticism works that appeared before it, or focused on a genre, such as Preface to Shi Mao, or the debate on a certain work, such as Preface to Chapters and Sentences of Chuci by Wang Yi, failed to reveal the laws, categories and propositions with universal significance from the perspective of basic literary theory. However, although the full text of Cao Pi's Dian Lun Thesis is only over 600 words, it has already involved important theoretical issues such as the attitude of literary criticism, the differences in stylistic features, the relationship between writer's talent and work style, and the social status and role of the article. Although the problems discussed in Dian Lun Papers have some shortcomings, they undoubtedly have a far-reaching impact on later literary criticism, which has become an important symbol of literary consciousness in the Jian 'an era and also opened a clue to China's literary theoretical criticism. Dian Lun has attracted the attention of researchers in the history of literature and literary criticism because of its important position in the history of China's literary theory. From all angles, there are many special studies on this article to explain its significance or explore its theory.
Some people think that the 20 articles in Dian Lun are theoretical works with policies written by Cao Pi when he was a prince, which means that the Cao Wei generation must follow the guidelines when formulating national policies. "This view is debatable. Xelloss established the Prince in the 22nd year of Jian 'an (2 17). Canon theory was written in this year, but the book was not written at one time. Based on this, it is not accurate to say that Dian Lun was written when Cao Pi was a prince. Then, before Cao Pi became a prince, he was just a prince, with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty at the top and his father Cao Cao at the bottom. It is doubtful whether he can formulate national policy guidelines. In addition, Dian Lun contains both political essays and narrative essays, and chapters like "essays" are works to discuss artistic theory, which obviously cannot be treated as national policy codes. Therefore, from the perspective of modern people, it is more appropriate that Dian Lun is a comprehensive theoretical work. The name Dian Lun probably best reflects the nature of this book and the author's writing purpose. "Canon, often also, law also." Cao Pi called this book Dian Lun, which means it will not be published.
Cao Pi presented Dian Lun to his son Wei Mingdi Cao Rui, and after his death, he carved stones on the temple gate and imperial academy, which was juxtaposed with Shi Jing, indicating that in the eyes of Cao Pi and his son, Dian Lun was regarded as a classic of "immortal motto" and its status was comparable to that of Confucian classics. At the same time, it also shows that the purpose of Cao Pi's writing this book is obviously out of the pursuit of "immortality" in life, and he wants to carry the title of the book with the word "getting married and starting a career", which will last forever. This is not only confirmed by Cao Rui's concrete measures of carving stone to pass it on to his father, but also by Cao Pi himself.
Dian Lun is a theoretical work with the nature of "immortal motto", and its status was regarded as a classic statement comparable to Confucian classics by the rulers at that time. The author Cao Pi wrote this book in order to spread his name to future generations and realize his wish of immortality. However, as a book of canon, Thesis is a multi-faceted critical monograph that summarizes the experience of literary creation and explores the inherent laws of literature, and has its own special topics.
What is the author's intention in writing this paper? However, for such a problem, previous researchers have different views according to their own understanding, which leads to different opinions. Some people think that "Dian Lun Thesis" is made to solve the disadvantages of "belittling scholars"; Some people think that an article in the Thesis focuses on the creative characteristics of Jian 'an Qizi, referring to the advantages and disadvantages of Chen Qi; Others believe that the purpose of this paper is to explore and try to solve some problems about literary criticism and literary development; Some people also focus on the author and work style of Dianlun Paper, thinking that it is the most systematic literary criticism monograph, trying to summarize the internal reasons for the length of creation at that time. There are many similar views. In a word, they can be divided into three kinds of opinions: the first kind is that the center of this paper is based on the shortcomings of scholars' contempt, so solving the chronic disease of scholars' contempt is the author's real intention and the central topic of this paper. The second kind of opinions mainly comment on the gains and losses of Jian' an literati's articles, and take the writer's comments as the writing purpose of this article; The third view is that the article is a general discussion of various literary theoretical issues, so it is regarded as a theoretical article of a comprehensive paper. These three viewpoints have their own reasons, because they all analyze the well-founded theories from different angles around the meaning of each paragraph in this article.
Then we can find out what kind of motivation, attitude and perspective Cao Pi chose to summarize people's creation and expound some understanding of literary regularity. In this regard, we should combine the social background and literary creation of Jian' an era to study. Jian 'an period is a period of "literary consciousness", and the literature in this period ushered in the high prosperity of five-character poems after the brilliant achievements of pre-Qin philosophers' prose and Han Dynasty's ci and fu. There are many reasons for the prosperity of Jian 'an literature. However, whenever researchers in the history of literature talk about this issue, they will point out that the monarch's advocacy and taking the lead in setting an example is an important driving force to make Jian 'an literature active.