First, modern reading.
[knowledge point reserve]
1. Literary genre: poetry, novel, prose and drama.
2. Expression: narration, description, lyricism, explanation and discussion.
3. Rhetoric: metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, antithesis, rhetorical question, repetition and comparison.
4, the role of rhetoric:
① Metaphor personification: vivid image;
2. parallelism: momentum, emphasis on tone, and so on.
3. Ask questions: arouse readers' attention and thinking;
4. rhetorical questions: emphasis, emphasis, etc.
⑤ Contrast: emphasize … highlight …;
⑥ Repetition: emphasize ... strengthen the tone;
7. exaggeration: highlighting and emphasizing;
First, modern poetry
[knowledge point reserve]
1, the characteristics of poetry: lyricism, generality, imagery and musicality.
2. According to the way of expression, it can be divided into lyric poetry, narrative poetry and mystery poetry.
3. According to genre, it can be divided into old-style poems and new-style poems.
4. Expression techniques: symbolism, contrast, contrast, suspense setting, echo before and after, first promotion and then suppression, first suppression and then promotion, expressing meaning by raising things, expressing feelings by borrowing things, associating, imagining and setting off (positive contrast and negative contrast).
5. Lyric way: direct lyric and indirect lyric.
[Related Text Content]
seven
I love this land, Ai Qing.
The afterglow of homesickness
I sing for the boy and girl He Qifang.
Tagore, paper boat
Baxia
Dayanhe-My Nanny Ai Qing
The Great Wall ballad "Xi Murong"
Sophora japonica leaves
Facing the air
Woodcutter, don't cut down that tree.
Jiuxia
"Recall Qin E? Mao Zedong Loushanguan
"Qinyuanchun? Xue Mao Zedong
Farewell to Xu zhimo of Cambridge
This is 4: 08 Beijing time.
If life deceives you, Pushkin
A road with no choice.
B, novels
[knowledge point reserve]
1, the three elements of the novel: the character (subject), the plot and the environment.
2. Methods of describing characters: language, action, manner, appearance, psychology and details.
3. The angle of describing characters: front and side.
The plot consists of four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending.
5. Environmental description is divided into natural environment and social environment.
6. The role of the natural environment: explain the time and place of the story and the space of the characters' activities, and set off the emotions of the characters.
7. The role of social environment: explain the social background and characteristics of the times, contrast the characters' character, promote the plot development and prompt the theme of the article.
8. Divided into long stories, novelettes, short stories and short stories according to length.
9, the role of sentences in the text:
1. Preface: opening point; Render the atmosphere; Lay a good foundation; Set suspense; Pave the way for the following; General collar below.
2. Text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above.
3. At the end of the article: point out the center; Deepen the theme; Watch the beginning.
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Shang Qi
"Empty City Plan" Luo Guanzhong
Houziwu Wang Chengen
sound
courage
eight
"Kansai, a boxing town in Luti jurisdiction" Shi Naian
Fan Jinzhong juwu Jingzi
Spinning Boris
Sammy and the white crane
Jiushang
"Kong Yiji" Lu Xun
Bi Shumin's One centimeter.
"Half-loaded straw" Yao
Saibi and Hulu
Jiuxia
"Hometown" Lu Xun
little boy
lily
Oida's ideal
C, prose
[knowledge point reserve]
1, features: scattered in form but not scattered in spirit.
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Eight Poems (Narrative Prose)
"Back" Zhu Ziqing
"Forever Regret" Ji Xianlin
"Iron Rider" Yang Shuo
Susan. Anthony
Jiushang (lyric prose)
Mao Dun, praise poplars.
"Prison Green" Lu Li
The begonia flowers in the West Flower Hall are blooming again.
strawberry
Nine times (argumentative essay)
home page
Life among rocks
The call of ruins
The vast ocean Ji Bolun.
D, drama (script)
[knowledge point reserve]
1, classification:
① According to the forms of expression: drama, poetic drama, opera, ballet and traditional opera.
② According to the nature of content: tragedy, comedy and drama.
③ Times reflected by themes: drama, historical drama, divine drama, science fiction drama, pantomime and children's drama.
④ According to the length scale: full-length drama and one-act drama.
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Baxia
Sunrise by Cao Yu
"Imperial Commissioner" Nikolai Nikolai Gogol
Put down your whip.
Jiushang
Tea house Laoshe
"Mayor Chen Yi" Sha
Founding ceremony.
E, narrative
[knowledge point reserve]
1, six elements: time, place, person, cause, process and result of things.
2. Narrative sequence: sequence, flashback and insertion.
3. The role of discussion in narrative:
Inspire readers to think, point out the meaning of people or events, highlight the center, sublimate the theme, and play the role of making the finishing point.
4. The role of lyricism in narrative:
Express the author's deep feelings, arouse the feelings of readers, and make the article have strong appeal.
5. Summary of narrative paragraphs:
Answer clearly (when and where) who does what.
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Seven on (writing people's narrative)
Memories of my mother
Deep in the alley
"My teacher" Helen? Keller
"Two Bombs" Deng Jiaxian
Seven on (narrative)
Bing Xin is in the memory of reading
"My first literary attempt" Mark? between the two
Feng Zikai, take shelter from the rain on the mountain
Lu Xun's Kite
Part VII (Narration of Things-Grasping the Characteristics of Things)
Pomegranate Guo Moruo
Zheng Haiyan Zhenduo
Bai e feng Zikai
Crane group
F, description text
[knowledge point reserve]
1, interpretation order: time, space, logic.
2. Interpretation: examples, figures, analogy, comparison, quotation, classification, imitation, definition and explanation.
3. Structure of the article: total score, total score, total score.
4, explain the meaning of inductive paragraph:
Answer clearly what the object is and what its characteristics are.
5. Understanding and discrimination of the functions of words in explanatory texts;
(1) Where is the word "xx"?
The use of the word "XX" vividly and accurately explains the characteristics of things, can stimulate readers' interest, conforms to the actual situation and is scientific.
② Can the word "XX" be deleted?
No, if the word "XX" is deleted, the meaning of the sentence will become …, but if the word "XX" is used, the meaning will not be conveyed. It accurately explains …, which conforms to the actual situation and leaves room for it. It is scientific.
[Related Text Content]
Seven times (descriptive words of things)
Ye Shengtao of Suzhou Gardens
Bridge Vision Mao Yisheng
Intercontinental missile self-report
A strange and rare animal-the echidna
Eight theories (rational exposition)
Why are flowers so red? Jia zuzhang
Destruction of Rainforest —— A worldwide disaster
The ocean is the granary of the future.
Random thoughts on science at the turn of the century Yang Zhenning
Jiushang
Gao Shiqi smiled.
Zhou Nan June Litchi Dan by Jia Zuzhang
Be kind to your home.
Long Yongtu's Interest in the WTO
G. argumentative essay
[knowledge point reserve]
1, three elements: argument, argument and argument.
2. Arguments are divided into factual arguments and rational arguments.
3. Argumentation methods: examples, reasons, comparisons and metaphors.
4. Arguments can be divided into argumentation and refutation.
5. The types of refutation are: refutation point, refutation basis and refutation argument.
6. Functional analysis of demonstration method:
This paper demonstrates that ... (Demonstration) By using XX argumentation method, the persuasiveness of the article is strengthened and the readers are convinced.
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Bashang (paper)
In memory of Bethune, Mao Zedong
On Language Wang Li
Liang Qichao, the most bitter and happiest
Lazy wisdom
Nine quotients (refuting papers)
"Have China people lost confidence?" Lu Xun
Haing s ngor did kill his wife Deng Tuo.
Damaodong
There are no stupid questions.
H, writing landscape articles
[knowledge point reserve]
1. Describe the scene from the perspectives of vision, hearing, taste and touch.
2. Methods of describing scenery: combination of dynamic and static (writing static by moving), combination of generalization and concreteness, from far to near (from near to far).
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Shang Qi
Zhu Ziqing's Spring
"Winter in Jinan" Lao She
Deep in the bamboo forest.
Woods and grasslands Turgenev
Eight on (Travel Notes)
Badong three Gorges
Yunshuizhouzhuang
Qinghai Lake, a magical lake.
Walk into new york
I documentary works
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Seven times (biography)
Lu Xun's autobiography Lu Xun
Mao Zedong's boyhood Edgar? snow
The thousandth ball
Young Einstein
Bashang (news)
Beijing won the right to host the 2008 Olympic Games.
Farewell, Great Britain
The boat of life
Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice.
Baxia
Nanjing Massacre
Looking for Shi chuanxiang
A Bing, tel 1950.
Battle of Waterloo
J, fairy tales
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Shang Qi
turtle
Song of the brook
seven
Camel treasure hunt
Dust under the carpet
Giants and children
Cricket in Times Square
K, others
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(Science Fiction) Part VII
Gene imagination
If humans also have tails.
(Speech) Eight times
"Serving the People" Mao Zedong
"Understanding the Spirit of Things" Ding Zhaozhong
I have a dream? Ludkin
You are your captain.
(Letter) Nine
A letter to Mr. Jiang Jingguo
A letter to my son
A letter to my daughter Suhomlinski
Letter to Butler Hugo
(Preface and Postscript) Nine times
The Preface and Postscript of Ba Jin's Home Page
Reading: Heine
Eternal rebirth
Science and art