Abstract template 1 1. What is a summary?
1. The abstract of the paper is "Extract the main points and send them".
2. The abstract of the paper is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments or comments.
3. The summary is also called the summary and the executive summary. It is a short article, which concisely and accurately describes the important contents of the literature, without comments or supplementary explanations.
4. The abstract of the paper is a summary of the content of the paper. On the basis of the summary of the paper, it summarizes the content of the full text in simple, easy-to-understand and incisive language and extracts the main information of the paper.
6. Connotation: Essay
7. Extension: state the main content of the paper concisely and accurately, without explanation or comment.
9. The abstract of the paper is a short article, which concisely and accurately states the main contents of the paper without explanation or comment.
Second, what role does the abstract play?
You can get the necessary information without reading the full text of the paper.
1. Readers should know the main contents of the paper as soon as possible to supplement the deficiency of the topic. Modern scientific and technological literature information is vast, whether readers will read the full text after searching the title of the paper is mainly judged by reading the abstract; Therefore, the abstract is responsible for attracting readers and introducing the main contents of the article to readers.
2 to provide convenience for the construction and maintenance of scientific and technological information literature retrieval database. After the paper is published, the abstract can be directly used by abstract magazines or various databases, and the abstract index is an important tool for readers to retrieve documents. Therefore, the quality of abstracts directly affects the retrieval rate and citation frequency of papers.
3. What should be included in the abstract?
The content of the paper should contain the same amount of main information as the paper, so that readers can determine whether it is necessary to read the full text.
The four abstract elements:
1. objective: the purpose, scope and importance of the study;
2. Methods: Means and methods adopted;
3. Results: data and results obtained from the completed work;
4. Conclusion: The important conclusions and main points of the paper, as well as the innovation of the paper.
(1) Purpose: To point out the scope, purpose, importance, tasks and preconditions of the research, rather than simply repeating the theme.
(2) Methods: Briefly describe the work flow of the project, what main contents have been studied and what work has been done in this process, including objects, principles, conditions, procedures and means.
(3) Achievements: state the important new discoveries, achievements and values after the research, including the unsatisfactory limitations obtained through investigation, experiment, observation and analysis.
(4) Conclusion: Through the study of this topic, the important conclusions, including the correct views confirmed from it, are analyzed and studied, and the significance of its application in real life and the value of integrating theory with practice are compared and predicted.
Abstract template 2 1, how to write it?
Text: concise: the text must be very concise and the content needs to be fully summarized; Arouse readers' interest in the article and let them continue reading.
2. What should I not write?
Don't be long-winded, write less irrelevant things and don't be vague. Absrtact: Don't cite examples, talk about research process, use charts, give chemical structure and make self-evaluation.
1) To exclude the content that has become common sense in this subject field; Never write what should appear in the introduction into the abstract; Generally don't interpret and comment on the content of the paper (especially self-evaluation).
2) Don't simply repeat the existing information in the topic. For example, if the title of an article is "Study on Rhizome Formation in Vitro Culture of Several Orchids from China", then don't write at the beginning of the abstract: "For.
3) Rigorous structure, concise expression and exact semantics. What to write first, then what to write, should be arranged in logical order. Sentences should be coherent and echo each other.
4) Sentence patterns should be simple and long sentences should be used carefully. Every sentence should be clear, and there should be no vague, general or ambiguous words.
5) Standardized terms should be used instead of symbols and terms that are not well known and commonly used. If there are new terms or no suitable Chinese terms, you can indicate the original text in brackets or after translation.
6) In addition to being really inflexible, mathematical formulas and chemical structural formulas are generally not used, and there are no illustrations and tables.
7) Don't quote other people's published works unless the literature confirms or denies them.
8) Abbreviations, abbreviations and codes must be explained when they first appear, except those that can be clearly understood by adjacent professional readers. At present, the main problems in writing are: incomplete elements, or lack of purpose, or lack of methods; Citation is not independent and self-evident; Improper simplification.
3. Basic specifications of abstracts
(1) should be written in the third person. Abstract is a complete essay, which is independent and can be used alone. Even if you don't read the full text of the paper, you can still understand the main content of the paper, the author's new ideas and viewpoints, the purpose of the paper, the methods adopted, the results and conclusions of the research.
(2) The narrative is complete, the logic is highlighted, and the structure of the essay is reasonable.
(3) the text should be concise and to the point, and redundant words are not allowed. We should adopt the method of direct expression, without unnecessary literary embellishment, and provide the maximum information with the least number of words.
4. What does the abstract mainly include?
It mainly includes brief research background, research tools, research methods and important conclusions. In addition, it can also explain the innovation of the paper.
5. How should the abstract be written?
In the process of writing, we should be concise, arouse readers' interest in the article and let them continue reading. In addition, the conclusion should be refined.
6. What are the common mistakes in the abstract?
Always appear, keep a diary and explain the title of your whole article from beginning to end.
Abstract template 3i .[ Example]
Topic: the influence of celestial bodies on the acceleration of gravity of the earth.
Abstract: The acceleration of the earth's gravity is an extremely important physical quantity. With the improvement of the accuracy of gravity acceleration measurement, the influence of celestial bodies on the earth's gravity acceleration must be considered.
This paper introduces the basic concept of celestial bodies (including the sun, the moon and the planets of the solar system) influencing the acceleration of the earth's gravity, and deduces the calculation formula of the influence. Through error analysis, it is proved that the relative error of this formula is less than 1× 10-9, which can fully meet the requirements of modern precision gravity acceleration measurement.
The common problems in writing the abstract of a paper are as follows: 1. Plagiarizing the subtitle (table of contents) or the text of the conclusion part of the paper; Second, the content is not centralized and the text is too long.
Second, the [example]
Thesis title: thermal simulation model and algorithm of integrated circuit
Abstract: As we all know, various characteristic parameters of semiconductor devices are sensitive functions of temperature [such as ls(T), B(T), C 1(T), Cp(T)].
The integrated circuit integrates a large number of components on the wafer. When the circuit works, the power consumption of components will generate heat, which will spread around along the wafer. However, due to the thermal resistance of the semiconductor chip and the substrate material, the temperature of each point on the chip cannot be the same. Especially for power integrated circuits, there will be high temperature in the area of high power devices, so there is uneven temperature distribution on the chip.
However, in order to simplify the calculation, this temperature difference is often ignored when analyzing the performance of integrated circuits, and all components are assumed to be at the same temperature. For example, the general circuit simulation program-spice is handled in this way. Obviously, this assumption brings calculation errors to integrated circuits. The error of power integrated circuit will be greater.
Therefore, the purpose of this paper is how to calculate the temperature distribution on the integrated circuit chip, how to calculate the circuit characteristics at different component temperatures, and how to consider the thermal and electrical interaction on the chip. This paper introduces the thermal simulation model of integrated circuit, simulates the thermal circuit problem as a circuit problem, and then uses the circuit simulation program to solve the chip temperature distribution. In this way, a mature circuit analysis program can be used to greatly improve the speed and accuracy of calculation.
Based on this model and algorithm, the author compiled a FORTRAN program YM- LIN -3, which can determine the chip temperature distribution and calculate the circuit characteristics of components at different temperatures. The program has been passed on IBM-PC microcomputer and satisfactory results have been obtained.
The abstract of the above paper is nearly 600 words, which is obviously too long. As long as it is carefully revised (for example, the first paragraph can be deleted, the second paragraph only keeps the last few sentences and the third paragraph is added), the abstract of the paper can be written in 200 to 300 words.