Abstract: Tao Yuanming is the first poet who wrote a lot of drinking poems in the history of China literature. The artistic features of his 20 poems "Drinking" are more manifested in the combination of plain and mellow beauty; The high unity of emotion, scenery and reason in poetry; The combination of simple language and painting skills; He doesn't carve words and make sentences, and he doesn't cut clouds and embroider the moon. Instead, he uses simple colloquial sentences, which are very real. His poems look simple and simple, but they are catchy to read. In the history of China literature, it is unprecedented, and with the passage of time, it is more and more respected by the world.

Keywords:: artistic features of Tao Yuanming's drinking poems

Tao Yuanming is the first person to write a large number of drinking poems in the history of ancient China literature, and his drinking poems occupy a very important position in his works. His drinking poems are innovative in poetic imagery, fresh, simple, natural, true and euphemistic, and have high artistic value. Drinking poems have a unique style and high artistic attainments, and their outstanding impression is plain and natural. And through simple language, line drawing techniques, straightforward and natural expression, people feel as if they are "flowing naturally from their chests" without any trace of axe chisel. Specifically, the artistic features of Tao Yuanming's drinking poems can be summarized as follows:

First, the combination of simplicity and nature.

It is good that predecessors often sum up the style of Tao poetry in a straightforward way. It is difficult for us to find strange images, exaggerated techniques, gorgeous rhetoric and even adjectives in Tao's poems. Everything is honest and simple. But if it is just plain, it will not produce strong artistic charm. The advantage of Tao poetry lies in its plain appearance, which contains fiery thoughts and feelings and rich flavor of life. This is just like Tao Yuanming's character. Therefore, reading is meaningful, and the more you read, the more beautiful you are.

For example, the fifth part of "Drinking": "Building a house is a human territory, and there are no chariots and horses. Ask what you can do, your heart is far from self-prejudice. Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely. The mountains are getting better every day, and the birds are back. There is real meaning in this, and I want to argue. " Living on the earth, there is no noise of horses and chariots. You ask me how this happened. My heart is pure and my land is still. Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely, the distant Nanshan reflects people's eyes. The mountains are dense, the sun is setting, the scenery in the evening is really good, and there are birds, which come together. How many tastes to express, to explain, but forget the language. This is a portrayal of carefree and happy rural life. Through the text, we see an image of a hermit who "faces the mountain, tucks his knees and sings, picks chrysanthemums under the hedge, smiles proudly and enjoys the moon". Quiet mountains and tired birds ask the poet a question. At this point, the author's mood can't be described in words. Several figures show people's attitude towards life, their love for nature, their description of things and their contempt for the world. His drinking poems are full of poets and true feelings. Reading his poems, if you see his people and his heart, it is really "true feelings."

Second, the unity of emotion, scenery and reason

Tao Yuanming can integrate scenes, events, emotions and reason, and the adhesive that can integrate these four is the word "reason". Chen Duo once wrote a poem "The Book of Songs": Tao Yuanming is sincere and sincere, and the truth is true, which is several times in "Nineteen Ancient Poems"; But breathing is a little slow. Because of its exquisite kung fu, seamless axe chisel, and the appearance of 19 poems, the charm of all the scholars in the prosperous Tang Dynasty is here. Fang Shudong's "Zhao Wei Zhan Yan" also said: When reading Tao Gong's poems, only take the true story, the true scene, the true story and the true feelings, and don't bother to cut the rope. Shi Buhua's "Words of Servants" said: Tao Gong's poems are full of true qi flowing from his chest, and he feels sorry for himself. As the saying goes: know its songs and listen to it. We should also recognize the truth when reading Tao poetry.

The most typical embodiment of this feature is the second of Twelve Miscellaneous Poems, and it is also one of the two main books of He Guo. The simplicity of Tao Yuanming's poems contains several meanings. The first is the true nature, that is, the so-called "self-nature" of metaphysics and the so-called "quality" of Tao Yuanming; The second layer is the natural scene, that is, nature; The third layer is Tao, which is the foundation of the universe. These three layers show different levels of connotation. The first layer shows the poet's personal endowment attribute and forms a true feeling, just like the poet himself said, "Nature loves autumn mountains" and "too much to admire". Seeking the truth of nature with the truth of personality itself constitutes a kind of truth, in which there is no barrier or gap and it is unified. In metaphysics, objective nature is also the concrete embodiment of the way of the universe, so there is a saying of "taste and taste" in metaphysics. Therefore, it is natural and inevitable to transmit the universe itself-Tao from natural scenery. Personality goes through nature and finally reaches the universe itself, thus completing the ultimate pursuit of human beings in metaphysics. The third meaning of truth is Tao. In metaphysics, "truth" is often interpreted as "Tao" and "Tao" is often interpreted as "truth". Such an example is very common. The so-called rational truth. In short, the first level of truth is individuality, the second level is nature, and the last level is Tao. These three layers of truth, like three concentric circles, are bigger and higher than each other, thus forming a stable trinity. Although personality, nature and universe are all so-called "truths", their connotations are different. The first truth is mainly "goodness", that is, the truth of human nature; The second layer of truth is mainly manifested as "beauty, that is, the truth of art;" The third layer of truth is mainly "truth", that is, the truth of the universe. The truth of the first layer makes his poems full of personality; The second layer of truth makes his poems beautiful; The truth of the third layer makes his poems ethereal and distant.

Third, the technique of expression

Line drawing has a long history in China's ancient poems. Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems inherited this simple and substantial technique. Whether writing, painting scenery or expressing feelings, he always touches and dyes with a light pen at will, trying to avoid heavy color description. Although the language is simple, the emotion is pure and the artistic conception is far away. For example, one of the "Five Songs of Returning to the Garden" said: "Without rhyme, I naturally love Qiushan. ..... return to nature. " The plainness and mellow beauty of this poem are reflected in the poet's quietly sketching. The trees in the field house, the poet just said it directly, are effortless. However, if you appreciate all kinds of things carefully, you will find that heat is deeply attached to them. It seems that the poet is snapping his fingers. In the four sentences of Warm and Distant Villages, the author seems to write what he saw and heard with a purely objective attitude, without any emotional exaggeration. However, this rough landscape reflects the clarity of the poet's mind. Only when the human mind is pure and quiet, like water as a mirror, can natural images and sounds be truly and meticulously understood by human senses. Dogs in remote villages bark in deep lanes or wilderness, and their voices are naturally different; Through the mist, there came the cock crow perched on the top of the tree. The poet can not only feel these nuances, but also distinguish them. It goes without saying that his mood is peaceful. From this point of view, the artistic conception and style of Tao Yuanming's poems are not only obtained by sketching, but also the poet's understanding of mystery, realizing the true character of pastoral landscape and finding his true spiritual destination.