1. Also called "cangue". Flail and lock. In the old society, prisoners were held with two kinds of instruments of torture. "Sui Shu Dongyi Begging for the Country": "All crimes are broken ... There are no shackles in the prison, only ropes." Song Zhang Shinan's Travels of Officials, Volume III: "Drinking after drinking is ok. If you see the prince then, let him be handcuffed. " The third fold of Cold Pavilion in Yuan Dynasty: "What did the court ask?" . I was tricked and shackled. "Liu Dabai's" Old Dreams "poem 12:" Life in prison, the body under shackles, there is only one way to approach freedom. "

Step 2 put on a chain. Wang Jia, Official Biography of Northern History: "The time system allows people to be sent in chains ... Jia said:' Although you have violated the Constitution, the chains are also very hard. I want to get rid of you.' "

3. Metaphor oppression and bondage. Tang Fengzhi's Miscellaneous Notes on Yunxian: "I have cast off the shackles of fame and opened a lofty door." Xiao San's poem "I look up": "We sing together: we swear to break the shackles and recover the beautiful mountains and rivers!" Xu Chi's Peony VII: "She wants to smash the spiritual shackles and completely liberate herself from the slave life."