Causes of dizziness
[1] 1. Anemic elderly people have symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue and pale face, so they should go to the hospital for examination to see if they are anemic. If the elderly do not pay attention to nutrition and health care, they are prone to anemia. In addition, elderly patients with dyspepsia, peptic ulcer, gastrointestinal bleeding and chronic inflammatory diseases can all suffer from anemia.
2. High blood viscosity, hyperlipidemia and thrombocytosis. It can increase blood viscosity and slow blood flow, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the brain, causing fatigue, dizziness, fatigue and other symptoms. Among them, there are many reasons for hyperlipidemia, and the most important one is the unreasonable diet structure.
3. Patients with arteriosclerosis feel dizzy, and often have symptoms such as insomnia, tinnitus, emotional instability, forgetfulness and numbness of limbs. Cerebral arteriosclerosis makes the inner diameter of blood vessels smaller, and the cerebral blood flow decreases, which leads to insufficient blood supply and oxygen supply to the brain, thus causing dizziness.
4. Cervical spondylosis often has neck tightness, limited flexibility, occasional pain, numbness of fingers, chills and heaviness. Hyperplasia of cervical vertebra squeezes the cervical artery, which leads to insufficient blood supply to the brain, which is the main cause of dizziness caused by the disease.
5. In addition to dizziness, patients with hypertension are often accompanied by discomfort such as head swelling, palpitation, irritability, tinnitus and insomnia.
[1] 6. Heart disease In the early stage of coronary heart disease, some people may feel headache, dizziness, weakness of limbs and difficulty in concentration. Mainly due to cardiac coronary atherosclerosis, resulting in insufficient blood supply and dizziness.
7. Meniere's disease Meniere's disease is an inner ear disease, and dizziness is the most important manifestation of Meniere's disease.
8. Blood diseases leukemia, pernicious anemia, hypercoagulable diseases, etc. It can cause dizziness and can be diagnosed by blood system examination.
Classification of vertigo: true vertigo and false vertigo.
(1) True vertigo (peripheral, vestibular peripheral): paroxysmal rotation, dumping, foreign body or self-degeneration, with severe symptoms, often accompanied by obvious autonomic symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, with short duration, from tens of seconds to hours, rarely exceeding days or weeks. Because it is more common in peripheral vestibular lesions.
(2) Pseudovertigo (central and cerebral): It is a sense of instability caused by shaking of foreign objects or themselves, or shaking from side to side, back and forth, which is aggravated when watching moving objects or in noisy environment. Symptoms are mild, accompanied by autonomic nervous symptoms are not obvious, lasting for a long time, up to several months, more common in brain and eye diseases.
Prevention and treatment of vertigo
Vertigo patients should be accompanied by their families when they go out to prevent accidents.
1. Cerebrovascular vertigo: Due to the increase of blood viscosity in Xia Dong season, various cerebrovascular accidents are prone to occur, leading to the occurrence of cerebrovascular vertigo. You should pay attention to drink more water and don't change your posture suddenly. If you go to the toilet suddenly at night, it is easy to cause cerebrovascular vertigo. Once it happens, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible. After the diagnosis, you can give vasodilators, antiplatelet drugs (such as aspirin) and anticoagulants.
2. Vertigo caused by brain tumor: This kind of vertigo has a slow onset and mild initial symptoms, which is not easy to find. For progressive mild vertigo, if accompanied by unilateral tinnitus, deafness and other symptoms, or other signs of adjacent brain nerve damage, such as numbness, hypoesthesia, peripheral facial paralysis and so on. You should go to the hospital as soon as possible for diagnosis and early surgical treatment.
3, cervical vertigo: usually work and study should pay attention to posture, after a long time at the desk to properly move the neck. The height of the pillow should be appropriate, and the pillow should not be too high, which will lead to cervical vertigo. Rehabilitation methods are often used in treatment, such as cervical pillow sling traction, massage therapy, acupuncture and so on. Need major surgery.
4. For vertigo caused by other diseases, such as endocrine vertigo, hypertensive vertigo and ocular vertigo, we should actively treat the primary disease, such as controlling blood pressure and treating ophthalmic diseases. On the basis of the recovery of the primary disease, dizziness can be relieved naturally.
5. Neurofunctional vertigo: For vertigo caused by mental factors, patients' anxiety should be relieved first, and anti-anxiety or antidepressant drugs can be given appropriately, but long-term use of sedatives should be avoided to avoid increasing drug tolerance and dependence.
Clinical manifestations of vertigo:
Meniere's disease, formerly known as Meniere's disease, is the most typical vertigo caused by inner ear diseases. Its pathological change is endolymphatic hydrops, which is more common in middle-aged people, less common in children under 10, and gradually decreases after old age. The disease is characterized by recurrent vertigo, accompanied by deafness, tinnitus and stuffy ears, and may be accompanied by deafness, nausea, vomiting, cold sweat, pale face, cold limbs and other symptoms. Deafness is mostly unilateral, with hearing fluctuation in the early stage, which can return to normal, and about 15-20% of deaf patients can affect the opposite ear; Tinnitus usually worsens before vertigo attacks, and disappears with the relief of vertigo in the early stage, and lasts for a long time after repeated vertigo attacks. The vestibular function test temperature test is generally that the semicircular canal function of the affected side is low or disappeared. Hearing examination showed sensorineural hearing loss, and the early typical case was low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. If the cochlear electrogram is made, the negative phase and potential of basal broadening should be recorded, and the -SP/AP ratio of the patient at the time of attack is ≥ 40%.
labyrinthitis
Vestibular neuritis is a kind of peripheral neuritis. The lesion occurred in the vestibular ganglion to the heart or vestibular pathway. There was a history of upper respiratory tract virus infection about two weeks before onset. Vertigo symptoms can suddenly appear, last for several days or months, and get worse during exercise. Symptoms of autonomic nervous system are generally milder than Meniere's disease. There is no change in hearing, that is, there is no complaint of tinnitus and deafness. The symptoms of most patients were completely relieved after two or three months, and only a few cases recurred. Spontaneous nystagmus in the healthy side, vestibular dysfunction or semicircular canal paralysis in the affected side can be seen during examination. No other symptoms of cranial nerve injury.
Sudden deafness with vertigo
Sudden deafness with vertigo is more common in 30~50 years old, which may be caused by inner ear virus infection, vascular disease or rupture of window membrane. The patient suddenly had tinnitus and deafness on one side, and some of them were accompanied by dizziness and vomiting. The condition is similar to Meniere's disease, but the dizziness lasts for a long time and there is no recurrence in the future. Hearing examination showed severe sensorineural deafness (mostly above 60dB), and vestibular function of vertigo patients could be damaged.
labyrinthitis
Labyrinthitis in patients with acute or chronic suppurative otitis media, the spread of infection can spread to the inner ear labyrinth, resulting in serous or suppurative labyrinthitis. At this time, in addition to otorrhea, patients will also be accompanied by tinnitus, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and hearing loss, and spontaneous nystagmus may occur on the affected side. When there is fistula in labyrinth, external auditory canal compression can cause dizziness, and nystagmus is more obvious, that is, fistula test is positive. When the disease progresses to purulent labyrinthitis, not only dizziness is severe and persistent, but also hearing loss to complete deafness, spontaneous nystagmus turns to the healthy side and vestibular function test disappears. When the above situation occurs, X-ray film of ear mastoid should be taken, and CT scan of temporal bone is best to make sure whether mastoiditis, cholesteatoma and labyrinthine fistula exist. Viral labyrinthitis is mostly caused by herpes virus, mumps virus and measles virus infection. After the virus infection, patients appear dizziness, gait instability, obvious nausea and vomiting, and most of them are accompanied by severe deafness. Vestibular function examination showed that the affected side was low or disappeared. Vertigo symptoms can gradually disappear completely after 1 ~ 3 months, because the vestibule function of the healthy side of the patient is normal.
Labyrinth oscillation
Labyrinthine concussion is mostly caused by head trauma and often coexists with concussion. Due to the strong air tumbling impact after the explosion, it will also cause the inner ear to get lost and oscillate. After trauma, the patient experienced dizziness, nausea, vomiting and hearing loss in the injured ear. Some patients were accompanied by tympanic membrane trauma, tympanic membrane rupture or bleeding during otological examination. In the hearing examination, we can see unilateral or bilateral hearing threshold changes of different degrees and properties, and in severe cases, we can be completely deaf. Some acoustic impedance audiometry can indicate that the ossicular chain is damaged and the vestibular function of the affected side is low. When diagnosing patients with concussion, especially those with hearing impairment and dizziness, it should be noted that there may be disorientation at the same time.