Several requirements of literary criticism

1. Pay attention to the scientific nature of the comments. Don't arbitrarily exalt or belittle with personal intuition and prejudice.

2. Pay attention to the originality of ideas. We should deeply understand and accurately grasp the object of criticism, tap the ideological significance and artistic characteristics of the works, and thus put forward our own novel, profound and incisive opinions. Don't generalize, the analysis is irrelevant, and only publish some old, superficial and vulgar views.

3. The combination of narration and discussion and evaluation is adopted. In literary criticism, narration refers to the repetition, introduction or quotation of the content of a work, while discussion includes analysis and evaluation. Analysis is the process of revealing the ideological content and artistic characteristics of works; Evaluation is the conclusion drawn by the author through analysis, that is, the overall view of the work or the author's artistic creation, and it is also the central argument of literary criticism.

4. Pay attention to the vividness of comment language. There are similarities between the language of criticism and the language of argumentation, such as requiring accurate and rigorous language expression; There are also differences, so it is necessary to emphasize appropriate literary talent and enhance the vividness and vividness of expression.

There is a clear difference between literary criticism and post-reading. Literary criticism is an objective evaluation of works, and the object is limited to literary works; Post-reading feeling is the subjective feeling after writing and reading a work, which includes all genres of works.

Second, the writing angle and content

1. Appreciate the theme of the work and its expression

This kind of topic is mainly to evaluate the ideological content of the work and the author's viewpoint and attitude, analyze the main expression techniques used in the work (such as imagination, association, symbol, rendering, contrast, first restraining and then promoting, expressing things, expressing feelings by borrowing scenery, and situational feelings), and point out what theme ideas the work expresses, what social reality it reflects, and what positive significance or limitations the work has. The commonly used terms of appreciation theme are: prominent center, profound theme, short and far-reaching, concise, profound implication, profound theme and so on.

2. Analyze the image of the work

The image of literary works refers to a vivid and concrete life pattern created in literary works that can stimulate people's feelings, usually referring to the mental outlook and personality characteristics of characters in literary works. The analysis of the characters in the works should mainly be carried out from two aspects: one is to reveal the typical significance of the characters, and the other is to briefly analyze the main personality characteristics of the characters.

3. Appreciate the artistic technique of the work

The artistic techniques of literary works are varied, mainly including the following aspects:

(1) Expressions, such as narration, description, discussion, lyricism and explanation;

(2) Expressive techniques, such as imagination, association, symbol, rendering, contrast, seeing the big from the small, restraining first and then promoting, expressing emotion by supporting things, expressing emotion by borrowing scenery, etc.

(3) Narrative methods, such as direct narration, flashback, insertion and supplementary narration.

(4) Description methods, such as portrait description, psychological description, language description, action description, environment description, etc.

(5) Descriptive techniques, such as dynamic contrast, dynamic and static combination, virtual and real combination, point and surface combination, light and shade combination, sound and emotion combination, rough sketch, meticulous painting, etc.

(6) Lyrics, such as direct lyricism (direct expression) and indirect lyricism (borrowing scenery to express feelings); (7) Creation of artistic conception and application of rhetoric. Appreciate the artistic techniques of the works, mainly from the above aspects for analysis and evaluation.

4. Talking about the conception skills of works

The conception skills of the works mainly include the following aspects:

(1) writing ideas, such as this and that, from the outside to the inside, from the shallow to the deep, from one aspect to several aspects and so on.

(2) article clues, such as a central event as a clue, people, feelings, time and space as clues;

(3) Hierarchical structure, such as total-minute-total, total-minute, minute-total and minute-minute;

(4) Structural patterns, such as vertical structure, horizontal structure and cross structure;

(5) The characteristics of material selection, such as vivid and typical, from life, fresh and cordial, etc. ;

(6) The layout of the writing style, such as getting to the point, making the finishing point, seeing the big from the small, deepening layer by layer, natural transition, echoing before and after, paving the way, first promoting and then restraining, and appropriate details. Appreciate the conception skills of the works, mainly from the above aspects for analysis and evaluation.

5. Appreciate the language of the work

To appreciate the language of a work, we must first analyze the language features of the work, such as accuracy, conciseness, vividness, image, freshness, ornateness and conciseness. Second, we should taste the language style of the works, such as humor, acrimony, simplicity, naturalness, vividness, conciseness, implication and profundity. The third is to analyze the rhetorical devices used in the works, such as metaphor, analogy, rhetorical questions, metonymy, duality, contrast, exaggeration, irony, pun, intertextuality and repetition.

Third, the writing method and process

1. Read the work

Before writing, we should read the full text carefully, read the works intensively, find out the sentences that make the finishing point in the works, carefully ponder and taste the important words, sentences and paragraphs in the works, clarify the main idea of the article, clarify the ideas and structural levels of the article, and strive to have deeper feelings and unique discoveries. When reading a work, we can recall the author's life, writing style, writing background and other knowledge, thus helping to understand the author's intention and purpose of writing this article, so as to accurately grasp the theme of the work.

Reading works generally takes the steps of "whole-part-whole".

"Holiness" means reading the work from beginning to end and getting a preliminary and general impression.

"Part" is to read the important parts carefully and find out the sentences that make the finishing point; Through analysis and research, we can deepen our impression, so as to grasp the main content of the article, grasp the main characteristics, and initially form an opinion.

"Holiness" means to browse the full text, have a complete understanding of the work, and finally make your own accurate judgment on the ideological content and artistic characteristics of the work.

Step 2 choose the right angle

After reading the work, grasp the main content and characteristics of the work. Which angle and topic do candidates choose to write from? This involves the choice of a writing angle. In my opinion, if you want to write a good literary composition and get an ideal score in the college entrance examination, you must read the stem of the question carefully, understand the meaning of the question, make clear the requirements of the meaning of the question, and then decide according to the candidates' own interests, hobbies, specialties and experiences. In other words, you should choose the angle that you have studied, studied, grasped most accurately and evaluated best. In particular, students who are beginners in writing short literary essays must develop their strengths and avoid their weaknesses, and show their advantages.

Arrangement structure

Although the length of literary prose is short, it is also an article with complete structure. Therefore, when writing, we must pay attention to the integrity of the structure of literary short comments, commenting that "the sparrow is small and complete." Generally, the structural modes of "total-sub-total", "total-sub" and "sub-total" are generally adopted.

"Summary" is to summarize the general content of this short literary comment in short and concise language at the beginning.

"Fen" means to analyze and think deeply about the works and list the main points of appreciation and evaluation in a targeted manner; Then, the author makes a deep and systematic analysis of the original work by means of narration and evaluation.

"General" means to summarize the full text at the end.