The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to improve the ability of independent innovation and build an innovative country. This is the core of the national development strategy and the key to improving the comprehensive national strength. It is clearly required to adhere to the road of independent innovation with China characteristics and implement the enhancement of independent innovation capability in all aspects of modernization.
Putting forward this strategic task is the need to ensure the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way by 2020. To quadruple the per capita GDP by 2020 compared with 2000, we must rely on the strong support of scientific and technological progress and independent innovation, and we must change the current situation of low per capita labor productivity, low added value, high material and energy consumption per unit of GDP and high ecological and environmental costs. We should pay more attention to improving the ability of independent innovation, speeding up scientific and technological progress, creating independent core intellectual property rights, building independent world-famous brands, increasing the added value of industrial products, developing value-added services, and encouraging the development of multinational operations and large enterprise groups with international competitiveness. While developing labor-intensive industries, we will accelerate the revitalization of equipment manufacturing, high-tech industries and modern service industries based on knowledge and innovation, accelerate the leap from a world factory to a powerful country, and improve the overall quality and international competitiveness of China's economy.
This strategic task is put forward to meet the needs of the world scientific and technological revolution and improve China's competitiveness. In today's world, the new scientific and technological revolution is developing rapidly, and a new wave of innovation is constantly triggered. The cycle of transformation of scientific and technological achievements and industrial upgrading is getting shorter and shorter, and the position and role of science and technology as the primary productive force is becoming more and more prominent. Adhering to the road of independent innovation with China characteristics and improving the ability of independent innovation is the fundamental way out.
Accelerate the transformation of economic development mode
In the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, when making overall arrangements for economic construction, the key to achieving the goal of future economic development is to accelerate the transformation of economic development mode and make significant progress in improving the socialist market economic system.
From changing the mode of economic growth to changing the mode of economic development, it is not only a change of two words, but also contains richer content. It not only covers the mode of economic growth, but also reflects the deepening of China's economic development concept, the expansion on the road and the improvement of international environmental awareness in the new century and new stage.
To change the mode of economic development, we should correctly handle the relationship between fast and good in the concept of development, not only to maintain the rapid development of the national economy, but also to pay more attention to promoting the strategic adjustment of the economic structure and strive to improve the quality and efficiency of economic development. On the road of development, we should fundamentally change relying on high input, high consumption and high pollution to support economic growth, adhere to the new industrialization road with China characteristics with high technology content, good economic benefits, low resource consumption and less environmental pollution, give full play to the advantages of human resources and realize sustainable development. In the developing international environment, we should actively adapt to the trend of economic globalization, expand the breadth and depth of opening up, improve the level of open economy, and improve the overall quality of the economy and international competitiveness.
The concept, road and environment of economic development are fundamental and overall strategic issues of economic development. It will be a difficult process to truly realize the transformation of economic development mode, with tight time and heavy tasks. We must firmly grasp and make good use of the important period of strategic opportunities and achieve a fundamental breakthrough in the transformation of economic development mode.
Develop a modern industrial system
In a certain sense, the process of modernization is the process of continuous economic development and gradual optimization and upgrading of industrial structure under the impetus of scientific and technological progress. In view of the outstanding problems existing in China's economic structure, the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made a strategic plan for developing the modern industrial system, which pointed out the direction for us to promote the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure.
First, vigorously promote the integration of informationization and industrialization, and promote the industry from large to strong. Informatization plays a great role in promoting industrialization, and also enriches and expands the connotation of industrialization. Therefore, it is necessary to speed up the application of information technology in various fields, vigorously promote high-tech represented by information technology, and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industrial industries with high-tech and advanced applicable technologies to enhance their technical level and market competitiveness.
The second is to reform the system and mechanism, increase capital investment, improve policies and develop modern service industry. The prosperity of service industry is a remarkable feature of modern economy. At present, although China's service industry has developed greatly compared with the past, there is still a considerable gap compared with the whole stage of economic development and per capita income level. Accelerate the development of service industry, and comprehensively improve the proportion and level of service industry, especially modern service industry, in the national economy. It is necessary to open up new areas of service industry development, vigorously develop producer services such as finance, modern logistics, research and development, e-commerce, law, consulting accounting, and consumer services such as medical and health care, community service, and cultural leisure, expand the outsourcing business of enterprises, institutions and governments, and strive to improve the socialization and marketization level of service industry.
The third is to strengthen the policy of supporting agriculture and benefiting farmers and actively develop modern agriculture. China's national conditions determine that it is difficult to increase the input of natural resources in the future agricultural development, and the only way out is to rely on scientific and technological progress and the improvement of farmers' quality. It is necessary to enhance the sense of urgency in developing modern agriculture and consciously put the development of modern agriculture in the first place in building a new socialist countryside.
Take the road of agricultural modernization with China characteristics
In the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, when expounding how to coordinate urban and rural development and solidly promote the construction of new socialist countryside, it is emphasized to take the road of agricultural modernization with China characteristics. According to the experience of agricultural modernization at home and abroad, combined with the current situation and basic national conditions of China's agricultural development, the basic connotation of China's characteristic agricultural modernization road can be summarized as follows: with the goal of ensuring the supply of agricultural products, increasing farmers' income and promoting sustainable development, with the way of improving agricultural labor productivity, resource industry rate and commodity rate, supported by modern technology and equipment, based on household contract management, under the comprehensive effect of market mechanism and government regulation, agriculture, industry and trade will be closely linked, and production and marketing will be integrated.
This understanding of China's characteristic agricultural modernization road is mainly determined by the following factors: First, at present, the level of agricultural productivity in China is not high, and the contribution rate of science and technology is 20-30 percentage points lower than the average level of developed countries. Second, modern agriculture is oriented by market demand, and the main purpose of farmers engaged in agricultural production is to provide goods for the market and maximize profits. Third, agricultural industrialization has become an important feature of modern agriculture. Fourthly, China is the most populous developing country in the world, and the problem of eating is always the top priority.
To realize China's agricultural modernization, the general ideas and measures are: equipping agriculture with modern material conditions, transforming agriculture with modern science and technology, upgrading agriculture with modern industrial system, promoting agriculture with modern management forms, leading agriculture with modern development concepts, developing agriculture by cultivating new farmers, improving the level of agricultural water conservancy, mechanization and informatization, improving land output rate, resource utilization rate and agricultural labor productivity, and improving agricultural quality, efficiency and competitiveness.
Building a new socialist countryside is a long-term and arduous historical task. The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that hundreds of millions of peasants should be allowed to play the main role in the construction of new countryside. Building a new socialist countryside is an important comprehensive measure for our party to solve the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers in the new period. We must follow the Party's ideological line and the mass line. According to the new situation of rural reform and development, we will constantly enrich and expand the contents of village affairs disclosure, ensure that farmers really enjoy the right to know, participate, express and supervise, and truly regard farmers as the main body of building a new socialist countryside.
Of course, emphasizing respect and giving full play to the main role of hundreds of millions of farmers in the construction of new countryside does not mean shirking or reducing the responsibilities of governments at all levels and relevant departments in the construction of new countryside. Governments at all levels, especially at the county and township levels, should effectively change their functions and management into service. While attracting and guiding farmers to voluntarily participate in the construction of new countryside through various forms, we should actively adjust the structure of fiscal expenditure, increase funds for supporting agriculture and drive social funds to invest more in rural areas, and increase support for the construction of new countryside through various means. It is necessary to strengthen the training of farmers and improve their comprehensive quality. It is also necessary to develop the masses of the whole society and help each other in pairs, so that the construction of new countryside will become the concerted action of the people of the whole country.
Building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society
The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China once again emphasized the need to strengthen energy conservation and ecological environment protection, and pointed out that building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society must be placed in a prominent position in the development strategy of industrialization and modernization.
Building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society is the need to thoroughly implement Scientific Outlook on Development. In the process of promoting economic and social development, party committees and governments at all levels should give top priority to building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, so that ordinary people can drink clean water, breathe fresh air, eat safe food and have a good production and living environment. Building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society is still the need to realize the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way and the strategy of sustainable development. We should deeply understand the great significance of strengthening energy and resource conservation and ecological environment protection, put the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society in a prominent position in the development strategy of industrialization and modernization in the spirit of being highly responsible to the country, the nation and future generations, and promote comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable economic and social development.
The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized the need to establish a scientific and rational energy utilization system. The core requirements of a scientific and reasonable energy resources utilization system are: according to the principles of reduction, reuse and recycling, focusing on improving the efficiency of energy resources utilization, focusing on energy saving, water saving, land saving, material saving and comprehensive utilization of resources, accelerating industrial structure adjustment, promoting technological progress, strengthening legal system construction, perfecting policies and measures, strengthening conservation awareness, establishing a long-term mechanism, and forming an economical growth mode and consumption mode to promote sustainable economic and social development.
First, accelerate the adjustment of industrial structure. We should vigorously develop the service industry. Efforts should be made to strengthen high-tech industries. Seize the opportunity of overcapacity in some industries at present, and accelerate the elimination of backward technologies, technologies and equipment that waste energy resources and pollute the environment. Strengthen macro-control, curb blind investment and low-level redundant construction, and limit the development of industries with high energy consumption, high water consumption and high pollution.
The second is to accelerate the development of circular economy. Developing circular economy is not only the fundamental way to alleviate the contradiction of energy and resources constraints, but also the fundamental solution to reduce pollution and environmental pressure from the source. It is necessary to speed up the legislative process of circular economy, carry out the construction of circular economy demonstration sites, explore effective models, study and establish a circular economy index system, and promote the development of circular economy in key industries, parks, cities and rural areas.
The third is to speed up the improvement of relevant policies. It is necessary to speed up the establishment of a price formation mechanism that can reflect the scarcity of resources and the cost of environmental damage, and promote the efficient use of production factors. Enterprises that have made remarkable achievements in developing circular economy and promoting cleaner production should be given preferential policies such as tax reduction and exemption. It is necessary to effectively increase support for scientific and technological innovation in energy and resource conservation, and vigorously promote the original innovation, integrated innovation and introduction, digestion, absorption and re-innovation of energy and resource conservation technologies.
Improve the public finance system.
The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that "the public finance system should be improved around the equalization of basic public services and the construction of main functional areas".
To improve the public finance system, we must first promote the equalization of basic public services. For a long time, due to the limitation of economic development level and the lack of ideological understanding, the supply of public goods is not only insufficient, but also the supply structure is unreasonable, which does not meet the new requirements of equalization of basic public services.
We should vigorously adjust the structure of fiscal expenditure and pay more attention to people's livelihood. To coordinate economic and social development, financial investment should be more invested in long-term "short-legged" social undertakings, such as compulsory education, basic medical care and public health, basic social security, public employment services, low-rent housing construction, environmental protection and so on. The government's public policy and financial input are inclined to the rural areas, especially the western rural areas. Help less-developed areas to solve the problem of equalization of basic public services, increase the central government's transfer payments to the central and western regions, and increase the scale and proportion of general transfer payments for poverty alleviation. Basic public services should better serve the people in need. In addition to establishing the minimum living security and basic medical and health service system, we should also pay attention to the employment problem of the needy people, strengthen employment training and help zero-employment families solve the employment problem.
To improve the public finance system, we must also promote and guarantee the construction of main functional areas. The public finance system should promote and guarantee the construction of main functional areas, especially increase the financial transfer payment for public services and ecological compensation in restricted development areas and prohibited development areas, and gradually make local residents enjoy equal basic public services.
Innovative utilization of foreign capital, foreign investment and cooperation.
These two innovations put forward in the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China are new and higher requirements for China to comprehensively improve the level of opening up.
Innovating the way of utilizing foreign capital is an urgent need to improve the level of China's open economy. Efforts should be made to improve the quality of foreign capital utilization, guide cross-border mergers and acquisitions to optimize the industrial structure, and relax industrial restrictions on foreign capital entry in the central and western regions. Perfecting M&A environment and establishing transnational M&A legal system; Continue to optimize the construction of software and hardware environment, effectively strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights, support foreign R&D institutions to cooperate with China enterprises and scientific research institutions, and give full play to the spillover effects of technology sharing, cooperative research and talent exchange; Encourage multinational companies to set up outsourcing enterprises in China, undertake the outsourcing business of the Group and other enterprises, and improve the level of international service outsourcing in China; Effectively use overseas capital markets, encourage qualified overseas institutions to participate in domestic securities companies and fund management companies, and gradually expand the scale of qualified foreign institutional investors.
China has entered a new stage of rapid growth of foreign investment. Innovating the way of foreign investment and cooperation is an important way to create new advantages of China's international economic cooperation and competition. First, carry out cross-border mergers and acquisitions to effectively improve the international operation level of R&D enterprises' production and sales. Second, actively carry out mutually beneficial international energy cooperation. The third is to carry out overseas processing trade. Through processing trade, we can effectively release the sufficient production capacity that China has formed, avoid trade barriers and promote the export of related products. The fourth is to promote foreign indirect investment in an orderly manner.
Second, how to understand and improve the ability of independent innovation. Creating a new country is the core of the national development strategy?
First, this strategic task is put forward to ensure the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way by 2020.
Second, this strategic task is put forward to meet the needs of the world scientific and technological revolution and improve China's competitiveness.