1, writing papers: students entrust others to write papers and pay a certain fee.

2. Writing papers on behalf of others: Students hand over their papers to others for modification and polishing, and pay a certain fee.

3. Suspected plagiarism: Students plagiarize other people's papers or submit articles published by others as their own papers.

4. Substitute/substitute exam: Students entrust others to take the exam instead of themselves or take the exam in other ways.

All the above behaviors violate academic ethics and integrity, which will have a serious impact on personal reputation and studies, and even be punished by schools and laws. Therefore, we should adhere to academic integrity and consciously abide by academic norms and moral norms.