One is the list method. Tabulation is to list a set of experimental data and calculated intermediate data in a certain form and order. List method can simply and clearly express the corresponding relationship between physical quantities, which is convenient for analyzing and discovering the regularity of data, and is also helpful for checking and discovering problems in experiments. This is the advantage of list method. When designing the record form, the following points should be met:

1, the table design should be reasonable and convenient for recording, inspection, operation and analysis.

2. The symbols, units and orders of magnitude of physical quantities involved in the table should be clearly stated. But don't write units after numbers.

3. The data in the table should correctly reflect the significant figures and uncertainty of the measurement results. In addition to the original data, some intermediate results and final results in the calculation process can also be included in the table.

In addition, necessary explanations should be added to the table. Usually the data given by the laboratory or the single data found should be listed in the upper part of the table, and the instructions should be written in the lower part of the table.

The second is the drawing method. Drawing method is to express the relationship between physical quantities and reveal the relationship between physical quantities by drawing lines on coordinate paper. Drawing method has the advantages of conciseness, visualization and intuition, which is convenient for comparison and research of experimental results. This is the most commonly used data processing method. The basic rules of drawing method are:

1. Select appropriate graphic paper (such as rectangular graphic paper, single logarithmic graphic paper, double logarithmic graphic paper, polar coordinate paper, etc.). ) and proportion according to the functional relationship, draw the coordinate axis, indicate the symbols, units and scale values of physical quantities, and specify the test conditions.

2. The origin of the coordinate is not necessarily the zero point of the variable, which can be selected according to the test range. It is best to make the unit reliability of the minimum number equal to the minimum division of coordinates in coordinate division. The ratio of ordinate to abscissa should be appropriate to center the graph.

3, trace the connection. According to the measured data, the experimental points corresponding to their functions are accurately placed in the corresponding positions with a ruler and a pen tip. When drawing several experimental curves on a piece of paper, each line should be marked differently. Symbols to avoid confusion. When connecting lines, data points should be considered to make the curve smooth (including straight lines), and the data points should be evenly distributed on both sides of the curve (straight lines) and as close as possible to the curve. Individual points that deviate too much should be re-examined, and those that are negligent errors should be eliminated.

4. Mark the name of the drawing, that is, after the experimental line drawing is completed, the name, author and drawing date of the drawing should be written in the obvious position or blank below the drawing, and sometimes a simple explanation, such as experimental conditions, should be attached to make the reader clear at a glance. When drawing, the physical quantities represented by the vertical axis are generally written in front, the physical quantities represented by the horizontal axis are written in the back, and the middle is connected with "~".