First, the social background of the formation of college student village officials "College student village officials" is a vocabulary that frequently appears in universities and even the whole society. It is an emerging group in the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way, an objective need for the construction and development of new countryside and an inevitable choice of history.
1995 In order to solve the "three rural issues", Jiangsu Province took the lead in recruiting college students as rural grassroots cadres. 1999, Hainan province launched the college student village official program; In 2003, Tianhe District of Guangzhou openly recruited university student village officials; Since 2005, Beijing, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Fujian and other provinces and cities have started the plan of university student village officials. In June 2005, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the Opinions on Guiding and Encouraging College Graduates to Face Grassroots Employment, demanding that a certain number of college graduates be sent to rural areas for employment every year from 2006, and strive to basically achieve the goal of at least 1 college graduates in every village in China in three to five years. Under the guidance of this policy, many cities across the country began to send college graduates to join the vast rural areas in an organized manner. On June 5438+ 10, 2007, the "No.1 Document" of the Central Committee, namely "Several Opinions of Central the State Council on Actively Developing Modern Agriculture and Solidly Promoting the Construction of New Socialist Countryside" clearly pointed out that the relevant measures to encourage college graduates to serve in rural areas should be improved and guided to start businesses in rural areas. In May 2008, the Central Organization Department, together with the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, held a forum on selecting and appointing college graduates to serve in villages, and decided to employ 654.38 million college graduates to serve in villages in five years from 2008. The work of university student village officials has entered a brand-new development period.
Second, the analysis of the reasons for the formation of 1 college student village officials. The employment situation of college graduates is grim, and the employment pressure is increasing year by year. Since 1999, the number of college graduates in China has doubled.
From 2002 to 2009, the number of college graduates in China soared from 6.5438+0.4 million to 1 10,000, while the employment rate of college graduates in recent years was only 70% ~80%. The era of "the emperor's daughter is not worried about marriage" no longer exists, and the severe employment situation requires college graduates to re-examine themselves.
The cost of living in this city is still high. The cost of urban living is mainly reflected in the consumption of housing, energy, social entertainment and daily necessities, and the core is housing consumption. In recent years, urban housing prices in China have increased year by year. Although urban housing prices have declined since 2008, housing prices in many cities remain high. At the same time, the consumption level of energy such as gas, natural gas and gasoline is also very high. Prices in cities are generally higher than those in rural areas, so the social and entertainment expenses in cities are much higher than those in rural areas, and most college graduates are low-and middle-income people, which makes many college graduates unable to bear the high cost of living in cities.
3. College graduates have a strong desire to realize their self-worth. From the perspective of human needs, realizing self-worth is the highest level of human needs. It refers to the needs of individuals to pursue growth and development, give play to their potential, realize the value of life and benefit human society. This is an internal driving force to pursue the limit of personal ability. To realize self-worth, I want to prove myself, I am eager to exert my creativity and imagination in my work, and I am willing to contribute to a valuable cause. College students have a strong demand to realize their self-worth. They are generally ambitious, ambitious and eager to make contributions. Once the opportunity comes, they will show themselves and pursue the realization of their self-worth.
4. The national policy of benefiting farmers has created favorable conditions for college students to start their own businesses. Since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the new central collective leadership has attached great importance to "agriculture, countryside and farmers".
Since 2004, the central government has issued a series of major measures to support agriculture, benefit farmers and strengthen agriculture in five consecutive No.1 documents, forming a relatively complete guiding ideology, basic principles and policy measures for the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers in the new period. In recent years, the rural situation has continued to improve, farmers' income growth has rebounded, and agriculture and rural areas have maintained a good development trend. The state has continuously increased its investment in agriculture, countryside and farmers, which has created an extremely favorable social environment for rural development and provided a broad development space for university student village officials to display their talents.
5. The objective demand for talents in new rural construction and modern agricultural development. To build a new socialist countryside, we must vigorously develop modern agriculture, which requires new farmers. At present, the average education period of rural labor force in China is low, and most of the illiterate and semi-illiterate people in China are in rural areas; Less than 10% of the rural labor force has participated in professional skills training, and those who have received rural vocational education have low village management ability and marketing ability, and weak sense of modernity and law. [3] What is even more worrying is that, under the condition that the overall quality of the rural labor force is generally low, most of the "elites" and "capable people" in the rural labor force go out to work, which leads to the lack of high-quality subjects in the new rural construction. Sending college graduates to work in rural areas can not only provide strong intellectual support for the construction of new countryside, but also be an effective and realistic way to train traditional farmers into new farmers.
6. The preferential treatment and related policies given by the state to university student village officials are very attractive. In order to guide and encourage college graduates to actively work in villages, the central government has introduced a series of incentive and guarantee measures, such as subsidies and allowances enjoyed by college student village officials, participation in social insurance for the aged, commercial insurance for medical and personal accidents, repayment of the principal and interest of national student loans by the state, and preferential policies for recruitment, postgraduate entrance examination and open recruitment of civil servants and staff of public institutions in Selected Graduates. These preferential policies have the most direct attraction for college students to apply for village officials.
Third, the role of college student village officials in the construction of new countryside. Building a new socialist countryside requires brand-new ideas, the dissemination and promotion of new technologies and new knowledge, and the improvement of the ruling ability of rural grassroots organizations. Therefore, college student village officials will play an active role in the construction of new countryside.
1. is conducive to promoting the renewal of rural traditional concepts. For a long time, China's rural development is relatively slow, and farmers' ideas are backward. This backward ideological concept is mainly manifested in two aspects: First, the backward traditional concept is prominent. Such as the concept of "more children and more happiness"; The local view of "it is difficult to leave home"; The business philosophy of "no business, no rape" and so on. [4] If these backward traditional concepts remain in people's minds for a long time, they will inevitably form a kind of spiritual inertia, which will bind people's thoughts and behaviors, distort people's psychology and stifle people's individuality and creativity.
It not only makes the traditional way of thinking, life style and production mode continue, but also directly causes the accumulation of backwardness and poverty. The second is ignorance and resistance to modern concepts. Modern ideas in economic life are mainly manifested in market ideas, competitiveness, innovation and openness. It is characterized by the openness, democracy and scientificity of social and cultural life. Obviously, these modern concepts are incompatible with the ignorance and backwardness of small farmers. When it is difficult for people to break through the shackles of traditional backward concepts for a long time, the result is that people will fall into a strange circle of backwardness-spiritual life is even more backward. However, contemporary college students have active thinking, fast acceptance and more new knowledge and new ideas. Their employment in rural areas will have an impact on backward concepts and bring about changes, and will import modern and scientific concepts into rural areas, which is conducive to the renewal of traditional concepts in rural areas.
2. It is conducive to the spread and popularization of new technologies and new knowledge in rural areas, and ultimately depends on the rapid development of agricultural science and technology.
The popularization of many agricultural science and technology needs high-quality and scientific leaders. [5] For example, implement efficient and three-dimensional agriculture, promote deep processing of agricultural products, and develop rural industry and commerce. The steady growth of grain output, the steady increase of farmers' income and the fundamental change of rural poverty must rely on knowledgeable guides, and college student village officials play an important guiding role in this process. [6] New high-quality farmers are the backbone and subject of building a new socialist countryside.
To improve the quality of rural labor force in an all-round way, the most important thing is to cultivate and cultivate high-quality new farmers with culture, technology and management. Cultivating high-quality new farmers with culture, technology and management skills is inseparable from the skills training and education of university student village officials.
3. It is conducive to improving the ruling ability of rural grass-roots organizations. Village officials are the leaders of the new countryside, the organizers and managers of various undertakings in the new countryside, and the coordinators and solvers of various complex contradictions in the new countryside. This requires village officials to have new ideas, new ideas and new methods in the process of dealing with rural affairs.
In the current rural development process, the primary problems encountered are that the overall quality of most village officials is not high, their ideas are relatively backward and their legal awareness is weak. [7] Contemporary college students are rich in knowledge and full of vitality, and can fully display their personal talents in the practice of serving as village officials. Although college student village officials lack experience and methods in dealing with practical affairs and solving practical problems, they also have high overall scientific and cultural quality, advanced thinking, strong scientific and legal democratic consciousness, active thinking and many ideas.
This is obviously complementary to the current rural cadres in many aspects. Therefore, the appointment of college student village officials is conducive to improving the current ruling ability of rural grassroots organizations.
Fourthly, the lack of college student village officials' participation in new rural construction is 1. Not familiar with rural policies and regulations, including the guiding ideology of central rural work, rural land system, rural tax and fee reform system, rural financial system, rural poverty alleviation and development policy, rural family planning policy, rural medical and health system, rural grassroots organization management, etc. At present, most colleges and universities do not offer courses on rural policies and regulations, and most college students pay little attention to rural policies and regulations during their school days. At the same time, they have few opportunities to participate in rural social practice. Therefore, they may lack understanding, unfamiliarity or even ignorance of rural policies and regulations.
2. Lack of practical experience, easy to get emotional. Most college students, especially those who grew up in cities, rarely come into contact with the countryside, and the complex and arduous environment in the countryside is a severe test for college students. [9] The difficulty of rural work is beyond the imagination of many college students. Therefore, college student village officials often lack the ability and experience or improper methods when dealing with rural practical affairs and solving problems in agricultural production. In addition, college students are young, energetic, immature and impulsive. When considering the problem, it may be divorced from the rural situation and the village situation. Therefore, they are prone to hesitation, confusion or helplessness at the beginning of their tenure, and it is difficult for them to enter the role slowly, which will inevitably dampen their enthusiasm and initiative, making it difficult for them to quickly establish a good image of village officials in front of the villagers and the two committees.
3. The working methods and methods are hard to be accepted. Some villagers may not understand university student village officials, and they don't accept them psychologically, thinking that they are "hairless and not firm", which leads to their exclusion in behavior. In addition, members of village committees generally have rich work experience and life experience. Faced with active thinking and high comprehensive quality of college student village officials, they may be jealous of their talents and think that college student village officials are here to compete with them for power and profit, so they are unwilling to understand, trust and appreciate them, to authorize them, to adopt their rational suggestions, to fully support their work, or even to crowd them out.
Lack of teamwork may make it difficult to give full play to its role. At present, most provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China are implementing the plan of university student village officials, making unremitting efforts to achieve the goal of "every village has a university student" or "one university student in every village". However, the one-sided pursuit of college students in each village, the insufficient integration of college students' service to rural areas, and the lack of higher-level talent introduction mechanism outside rural areas make college student village officials in a weak position, and no one shares their success; When encountering setbacks and difficulties, there is nowhere to talk, no one to understand and no one to help. Lack of corresponding high-level equipment and integration will inevitably dampen the passion and will of university student village officials and further hinder their full play.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) The way to realize the role of college student village officials in the construction of new countryside. The government should improve various security systems, improve the rural grass-roots environment and promote the career development of university student village officials. The college student village official system is still a new thing in China, and there are still some policy and system defects in the development process, and the overall rural environment is still relatively poor. Therefore, it is necessary to implement the state's incentive and guarantee policies for university student village officials. Attracting outstanding college students to participate in the construction of new countryside is a systematic project, which needs to improve and perfect various security systems, improve the rural grass-roots environment, make overall plans and promote it as a whole, so as to receive practical results.
First of all, formulate corresponding laws and regulations to protect the legitimate rights and interests of university student village officials.
Although the college student village official plan has gone through a process from pilot to popularization in China, there are no laws and regulations in this regard so far. Without the protection of laws and regulations, all kinds of puzzles of college student village officials in the construction of new countryside will exist for a long time, and it is difficult to implement all kinds of protection and incentive measures, so the corresponding legislative process should be accelerated.
The second is to implement various preferential policies to enhance the sense of belonging and honor of university student village officials. In order to encourage college students to work and start businesses in rural areas, the state has issued many preferential policies and given certain preferential treatment. Organizations at all levels, especially rural grass-roots organizations, must implement these policies well, so that university student village officials can "get down, use well and stay", [1 1] so that they can work and start businesses in rural areas with peace of mind and realize their own value in the construction of new countryside.
The third is to improve the rural grassroots environment and create conditions for attracting outstanding talents. Rural areas, especially remote and backward areas, have poor environmental conditions at the grassroots level. How do university student village officials serve the countryside for a long time? An important measure is to improve the rural grassroots environment and provide a better working and living environment for university student village officials. On the one hand, we should respect the wishes of university student village officials, give them more autonomy, give them more understanding and support in their work, make them the backbone, and provide conditions for their early success; On the other hand, we should pay more attention to the life of university student village officials and improve their living conditions as much as possible.
2. Deepen the reform of higher education system, cultivate knowledge and skills adapted to the grassroots, guide college students to update their employment concepts, and establish a sense of grassroots service. Colleges and universities should actively understand the important role of higher education in the construction of new countryside from the overall situation and strategic height. We must unswervingly follow the road of rejuvenating agriculture through science and education and strengthening agriculture through talents.
The first is to cultivate college students' innovative consciousness and ability. The construction of new socialist countryside needs solid professional knowledge and talents who comprehensively apply knowledge to solve practical problems in production. Agriculture is a highly practical industry, which requires colleges and universities to cultivate students' innovative consciousness and ability, let college students explore and innovate in the vast countryside, guide agricultural production with theory, and continuously improve agricultural technology in production; In rural management, we should constantly improve and break the bad habits of traditional agriculture, find new growth points for the construction and development of new countryside, and thus broaden the thinking of new rural construction.
The second is to cultivate college students' ability to apply professional knowledge. At present, China's higher education talent training mode is single. Therefore, in order to adjust it properly, the specialty setting in colleges and universities should have the characteristics of flexibility, adaptability and applicability. Based on the needs of rural economic and social development, we should build characteristic majors and adjust and optimize the professional structure in time to meet the needs of building a new socialist countryside.
The third is to cultivate college students' adaptability and dedication. At present, the main reasons why college students are unwilling to work in rural areas are, on the one hand, the backward social and economic outlook and cultural atmosphere in rural areas; On the other hand, it also reflects that college students lack the quality of hard work, can not adapt to the harsh working environment in rural areas, and are unwilling to make contributions.
Rural areas are a challenge to college students in terms of working conditions, living environment and cultural atmosphere, which requires colleges and universities to cultivate college students' good social adaptability and dedication, learn to deal with farmers, learn to adapt to tough working environment, be hard-working and not afraid of difficulties, and more importantly, use their wisdom to devote themselves to the construction of new countryside.
The fourth is to guide college students to update their employment concepts and establish a sense of long-term service to the grassroots. Colleges and universities are an important place to train talents and the main position of moral education. Colleges and universities should actively guide college students to update their employment concepts and serve the grassroots through various forms and channels. On the one hand, it is necessary to increase publicity and create an atmosphere in which college student village officials serve at the grassroots level; On the other hand, vigorously publicize the deeds and experiences of college students who have successfully started businesses in rural areas, guide college students to establish a correct outlook on life, actively respond to the call of the state, and make contributions where the motherland needs them most.
3. College student village officials should play a positive role. On the one hand, we must have the spirit of hard work and stand up to loneliness. There is no modern way of life in rural areas, and there is no smooth network and transportation in most places. Therefore, university student village officials should be able to bear hardships and endure the limited living conditions in rural areas. On the other hand, we should have the enthusiasm to serve the countryside and devote ourselves to the construction of new countryside. We should love the countryside, and farmers regard rural work as their responsibility and career. Only in this way can we have enough enthusiasm to participate in all the work of building a new countryside. On the other hand, we should have patience and perseverance.
Rural grassroots problems are numerous and trivial. Without patience and perseverance, the work can't go smoothly. Only by making a very rational choice of village officials can we be a good village official.
Second, university student village officials should have a correct attitude and find a correct position. It is a very important step for college student village officials to put their minds right and find a correct position, and it is also an important step to carry out rural work. In practice, when college student village officials first arrive in the countryside, many people will feel confused and have nothing to do with their work. However, after a period of contact with village cadres and villagers, they will gradually adapt to rural life, their mentality will be calmed down, and their love for rural work will be stimulated, thus making a difference in the construction of new countryside.
Third, university student village officials should actively understand and participate in various rural affairs. College student village officials need to fully understand rural policies, current situation and various contradictions and problems. Only in this way can we know ourselves and ourselves when dealing with problems and take our time. Politically, we should keep close contact with the masses, go deep into them, listen to their opinions and voices, understand the problems they face and help them solve all kinds of difficulties. Economically, officials started their own businesses and actively sought projects to get rich according to local conditions, which brought tangible benefits to the villagers. In terms of culture, in-depth understanding of local folk customs not only respects villagers' customs, but also actively instills healthy, scientific and advanced spiritual and cultural concepts, constantly enriching villagers' amateur cultural life and improving their spiritual realm.