When writing academic papers and experimental reports, some commonly used concepts include:
1. research question: this is the question you want to answer through your research. It should be specific, clear and can be answered by scientific methods.
2. Literature review: This is a summary and evaluation of the existing research related to your research topic. It can help readers understand the position of your research in the existing research and how your research can fill the gaps in knowledge.
3. Method: This is the method you use to collect and analyze data. It should be detailed enough so that other researchers can copy your research.
4. Results: This is your research findings. They should be objective and not influenced by your personal opinions or explanations.
5. Discussion: This is your explanation and understanding of the result. You should explain how your results answer your research questions and what they mean to your research field.
6. Conclusion: This is the final conclusion of your research. It should be based on your results and discussions, not your personal views or expectations.
7. Citation: This is the work of other researchers you cited in your paper. You should quote all information sources correctly to avoid plagiarism.
8. Assumption: This is your expectation of the results before starting the research. They should be testable, so that you can verify or deny them through your research.
9. Variables: This is the factor you consider in your research. For example, you may want to study the relationship between education level and employment opportunities, then education level and employment opportunities are your variables.
10. Data: This is the information you collected in your research. Can be numbers, words, images, etc.
These concepts are the basis of writing academic papers and experimental reports, and understanding and mastering these concepts is very important for high-quality academic research.