At present, Sino-Russian border trade is in a prosperous period, and Russian talents are scarce in the talent market. Let's talk about Russian teaching reform in public universities.
In August 2009, in order to further deepen the teaching reform, continuously improve the teaching quality and meet the needs of the country and society for talent training in the new century, the Russian Group of the Foreign Language Teaching Steering Committee of the Ministry of Education revised the Teaching Requirements for College Russian Course again. The goal of college Russian teaching is to cultivate students' comprehensive application ability of Russian, especially to strengthen the training of listening and speaking ability, further improve students' reading, writing and translation ability, so that they can communicate effectively with Russian as a tool in their future study, work and social interaction and obtain the information they need. College Russian teaching should help students master good language learning methods, consolidate language foundation, enhance autonomous learning ability and improve comprehensive cultural literacy to meet the needs of China's social development and international communication.
Translation has been used in college Russian teaching for a long time. With the development of the times, the disadvantages of this method are more and more prominent. Why do we call for reform? Communication? The reason why we mentioned such an important position is that the cultivation of this ability has been neglected by us for too long. There is no doubt that reform is imperative. So, how to reform and make it successful? This is a problem faced by all teachers engaged in foreign language teaching. It covers a wide range, from the formulation of teaching plans to the handling of one sentence. None of these are one? Change? Words can be solved. Below, the author tries to briefly summarize many factors that affect the teaching reform from several aspects. If there is anything wrong, please correct me.
I. Social and economic factors
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Sino-Russian border trade was in a period of prosperity, and Russian talents were scarce in the talent market. However, since 1994, due to irregular trade activities, Russia's economy is sluggish, and Sino-Russian trade has gradually declined. This directly affects people's choice of the language they learn. The number of people learning Russian suddenly decreased, and students' enthusiasm for learning decreased. It is often difficult for foreign students to regard Russian as a useful subject, and there are often questions in their minds: What is the purpose of learning Russian? It is difficult to arouse students' enthusiasm, and I believe many teachers have encountered similar embarrassment. This situation will undoubtedly increase the difficulty of teaching and hinder the reform.
Before formally teaching this course, teachers should first guide students, correct students' understanding and stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning, otherwise it will be difficult to implement teaching ideas and carry out teaching activities. In addition to teachers' efforts in this regard, the author believes that the state should pay more attention to minority languages. It is reported that many middle schools have cancelled Russian classes, which is obviously not conducive to the protection of minority languages. If the national education department lacks long-term vision, it will inevitably lead to a gap in Russian talents, which is not conducive to international exchanges.
Second, the teaching material factors
The importance of teaching materials in teaching is beyond doubt. Although it should not be limited to textbooks and needs some meaningful expansion, in fact, most teachers still focus on textbooks, which play an important role in the whole teaching activities. It is the basis for teachers to make teaching plans and organize teaching activities, and it is also the basis for students' extracurricular learning.
At present, colleges and universities have basically begun to adopt New College Russian as a public Russian teaching material. Compared with the old textbooks, this set of textbooks has certain advantages. First of all, in the selection of materials, some outdated texts have been deleted from the old textbooks, and several articles with distinctive characteristics of the times, novel content and vivid language have been added; Secondly, the arrangement of grammar special items is more systematic; Thirdly, there are more detailed unified rules and designs in the content and questions of after-class exercises, which are more suitable for teaching practice. In addition, it is worth mentioning that the new textbook systematically lists the knowledge points related to the text after each lesson, providing students with more cultural knowledge and vocabulary related to the times.
Although the new textbook has many advantages compared with the old textbook, its defects and deficiencies can not be ignored. In the selection of materials, although the titles of some articles are attractive, the contents lack originality and little information. In the arrangement of words, it seems that the editor is well-intentioned. Considering that the introduction of life-rich characters or texts can alleviate students' boredom in the learning process, it seems that the principle of textbook arrangement is ignored. Another point is that in public foreign language textbooks, especially in the third and fourth volumes, the proportion of general articles is large, most of which are professional and narrow in application, which greatly restricts teachers and makes it difficult to exert their creativity. Moreover, foreign language teaching reform advocates reference? Say? But some topics make it difficult for teachers to design discussion questions. If students are not interested in the topic under discussion or have insufficient vocabulary, they will not be able to actively participate in the discussion, and will eventually fall into the traditional mode of teachers telling students to listen.
Third, students' knowledge cohesion.
Many students have no or little listening and speaking training in middle school, and their reading comprehension ability is not satisfactory. The starting point of admission is generally low, so our textbooks are quite difficult for students with weak foundation. Their reaction is that the text is too difficult and there are too many new words, which is an insurmountable obstacle for students. If this obstacle is not overcome, students' understanding of the text will inevitably be biased. Students have no basic knowledge of listening and speaking, which means that teachers should start from scratch and realize their own teaching reform ideas step by step. In other words, teachers first need to solve the problem of students' knowledge cohesion and help them complete the leap, and achieving this goal in a short time is tantamount to a challenge for teachers, because the process of foreign language learning is a step-by-step process.
Fourth, the negative impact of CET-4.
It has been more than ten years since 1990. It should be said that it has played a certain role in testing the teaching effect of teachers and the academic achievements of students. However, the disadvantages of this kind of examination have gradually become prominent. For example, although the proportion of objective questions is lower than before, and some test scores of synonym discrimination have changed, the author thinks it is not necessary to exist. Professional Russian teachers generally don't.
Guide students to distinguish these words, but students can gain a more intuitive understanding through a lot of listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation exercises. Although they may not be able to distinguish between words, they can easily use it. How to make our students have higher language application ability is an urgent problem to be solved at present. The potential negative effects of CET-4 are: teachers vaguely feel that there will be some disharmony in teaching ideas to help students pass the exam in teaching; Students who cope with the exam will also habitually take passing the exam as their ultimate goal. These reasons from both teachers and students make it difficult to deepen the teaching reform. Therefore, when people advocate teaching reform, should we consider the reform of examination system, examination content and examination form that needs to be carried out simultaneously? These are the problems that the author encountered in teaching and the places where his thinking is not deep enough. Although there are many difficulties on the road to reform, we should go on unswervingly, give full play to our creativity, be brave in innovation and try boldly to promote the continuous development of teaching reform.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) is an attempt to improve oral English.
Language is a tool of communication, so communication is the primary purpose of Russian teaching and the main means of teaching. The principle of communication requires teachers to guide students to communicate directly in Russian and have oral or written dialogues in Russian, so as to exchange ideas and obtain information. Therefore, the communicative principle requires teachers to teach Russian as a communicative tool and students to learn Russian as a communicative tool. Oral communication requires learners to have good oral expression skills. How to cultivate students' ability in teaching? In fact, the acquisition of foreign languages can get some enlightenment from the process of people learning their mother tongue. Everyone takes the first step to learn their mother tongue from babbling. Learning a foreign language might as well try this natural process, and promote the improvement of other language abilities from the beginning of speaking.
The author believes that the cultivation of oral ability can be roughly divided into the following aspects:
Let students read the language materials. These materials should be short in length, lively and interesting in content, not too uncommon in words and not too complicated in grammatical structure. Teachers should correct students' pronunciation mistakes, improve students' pronunciation characteristics and introduce some pronunciation and intonation knowledge appropriately. (2) Let the students listen to the daily conversation, combining listening and speaking. First, play the audio or video completely, and ask the students to tell the center and characters of the conversation according to the captured information. Then, divide the conversation into several parts and listen again. Ask questions according to the content, and make a thorough and detailed analysis of what the students don't understand. Students are often disturbed by the following factors, such as the difference between voiced and unvoiced consonants, the voiced sound of voiced and unvoiced consonants, the thickening of vowels, the combined pronunciation of some consonants and the phenomenon of linking. When playing the audio or video for the third time, ask the students to retell the dialogue according to the role, try to speed up the speech and imitate the pronunciation and intonation. Finally, let the students choose the sentence patterns commonly used in the dialogue, and the teacher will make appropriate supplements and specify the scene. Ask the students to make up their own dialogues in several groups, supplemented by performances, to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the students and enliven the classroom atmosphere. (3) Students are required to make a short report in Russian for no more than five minutes in each class, with unlimited contents, such as self-introduction, trivial matters of life, humorous stories, etc. After the lecture, ask some questions for other students to answer, so as to enhance students' sense of participation. (4) In the process of reviewing the intensive reading text, design questions according to the content of the text and ask students to answer or discuss. For stories and interesting articles, students will report them when they are ready; For popular science articles, the teacher draws up an outline of the text and leads the students to recall its main idea.
From where? Say? From the beginning, gradually developing teaching activities has almost become people's knowledge. However, in the exploration of foreign language teaching reform, we should also remember that the traditional teaching method of overcorrection and improving listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation ability still has its reference value, because? Say? Ignoring the importance of others will lead to the unbalanced development of several abilities. The author's point of view is that we should learn from foreign teaching experience. Say? Start, make? Do you hear me? Driving? Read and write? . Public foreign language teaching is different from professional foreign language teaching, but teachers can't give up their requirements for students and themselves.
Sixth, the relationship between language and culture.
Language is first of all a social phenomenon and a tool of social communication. This tool is established by people in their long-term social life practice. Every language was born and developed in a specific historical environment. Therefore, there are a large number of phenomena with specific social and historical colors and distinctive personalities that are unique to the national language of each country. Only by understanding foreign language countries and people, their past and present, can we deeply understand the language we have learned.
Simply learning language knowledge can easily make people feel boring. Teachers should not only use various skills to show different teaching methods, but also introduce the cultural background and national conditions of the language. This can not only improve students' interest in learning, but also help them deepen their understanding of the language. For example, in the lesson хлеб in the second volume, we can talk about Russian customs and the custom of welcoming guests with bread and salt. домлнтолстого？ Tolstoy's family situation and sincere hospitality, we can introduce some excellent works of this literary master, such as War and Peace and Anna? Karenina and so on interest students. This selection is excellent in both content and language. Explaining this lesson is naturally inseparable from its national conditions and customs and the creative process of writers' works. In addition, understanding Russian style, political and economic situation can also help students to increase their knowledge and broaden their horizons. The ultimate goal of learning a language is not to learn the language itself, but to master a tool to understand and know the world.
In a word, the reform of college Russian teaching is still in the exploratory stage. We should try our best to climb, expand our thinking and find better, newer and more effective methods to adapt to the mission entrusted to us by the times and cultivate foreign language talents with high language application ability for our country.
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