The formal process of publishing academic papers
1, subject selection
Choosing a topic, that is, studying the problem, is the first and most crucial step. Choosing a suitable question plays an extremely important role in the publication of later papers. Of course, how to choose a suitable question depends on the environment. For example, choose the topics that have been accumulated in your laboratory, and choose the topics that are hot or about to get hot.
2. Research and development
After determining the topics of interest, you can conduct research, which includes pre-design, research implementation, data analysis and other processes. In most cases, the research design will be adjusted and optimized recursively according to the current situation, and it will continue to deepen. For example, there may be some unexpected problems in the process of research implementation, and it is necessary to go back and adjust the experimental design; According to the results of data analysis, it is necessary to adjust the experimental parameters and conduct experiments again for verification.
3. Paper writing
If the early stage goes well, the paper can be written after the data analysis results are obtained (the paper writing can also be synchronized with the project development). The process of writing a thesis can be regarded as the process of telling a story, and the writer needs to use a story to smoothly connect the research and discovery. How to write a good academic paper is a science, which can be discussed in detail in the future. Just to mention one thing here, academic paper writing generally has a fixed format. When writing a thesis, it will be helpful to refer to similar research papers as templates and copy them according to your own research content.
Step 4 submit a paper
Paper submission mainly refers to the preparatory work before submission, including format adjustment, periodical selection and reviewer selection. In addition to the general requirements, individual journals have special requirements and need to be adjusted according to the selected journals. The selection of journals and reviewers is a subject that can be shared in detail in the future.
5. Revision and publication of papers
After the paper is submitted, it will generally be revised several times until it is published. Of course, there will be many rejections during the period. Whether the opportunity is rejected or modified, and how to use or reply to the opinions of editors and reviewers are topics that can be shared in the future. Just to mention one thing here, for example, it is an iron law for a periodical to give an opportunity for revision, and it is an iron law to try to meet the opinions of reviewers as high as 100%. After all, in most cases, the reviewers are in the dark and they are in the light. At this time, the word "sincerity" is extremely important.
An academic paper on human nature
Humanity in war
Flowers of war and Schindler's List both pay attention to human nature in the war, and both set off the theme through the color of the picture and the setting of characters. In the two films, the combination of black-and-white images and color images, as well as the image setting of the protagonist and supporting role, have similarities and differences worthy of careful discussion.
Keywords: flowers of war; Schindler's list; Color; Character image
Flowers of war and Schindler's List, two films about war and human nature, have different fates from the Academy Awards. The former is one of China's films with a high voice for Oscar, but it failed to win any awards in the end, while the latter won seven Oscars. Flowers of war is really easy to be associated with Schindler's List. The two films not only have the same theme, but also have similarities in using colors and characters to set off the theme.
Similarities and differences of 1 color application
Color is an important part of film visual language. "flowers of war" and "Schindler's List" convey the emotions and thoughts of the films through the conversion of black and white pictures and color pictures. In this similarity, the two films have different color applications, thus writing different war elegies. At the beginning of flowers of war, the color of the picture is gray: the female students who fled in the war were all covered in dust and black, and the last batch of China soldiers in Nanjing were also covered in blood and dust. After this black-and-white image, the color image formed by the stained glass of the church window and the gorgeous costumes of thirteen Qinhuai River women is particularly prominent. These strong colors cast a legendary color on the prostitutes in Qinhuai River, which not only emphasized the historical picture different from the previous war memories through the eyes of female students, but also symbolized the lofty image of women who sacrificed their lives for justice, and set off the theme of the film praising the great humanity in the war.
Schindler's List uses the opposite color. In order to express his solemn feelings about the tragic fate of Jews, director Spielberg used black and white images, and only used color images at the beginning of the film when Jewish families recited prayers and at the end when the surviving Jews walked on the free grass. This way of using color is also very meaningful. At the beginning, the color changed to black and white, which meant that the normal life of Jews fell into the abyss because of the war. Since then, the black-and-white tone has created a solemn, painful and compassionate film atmosphere, and the film finally changed from black-and-white to color, indicating that the surviving Jews finally got rid of their tragic fate and moved towards a free new life.
2 The character settings are similar.
Both flowers of war and Schindler's List tell the story of the victims being rescued by heroes in the war. The two films are similar in the image, behavioral motivation and psychological changes of the leading role and supporting role.
2. 1 Image change of the protagonist
The protagonist of flowers of war is John, a foreigner. At first, the American undertaker was a humble American who risked his life to enter Nanjing for his meager income. Later, he refused to bury the priest in the church because he had no money. He not only has ulterior motives for the beautiful Yumo, but also gets excited at the sight of foreign wine, just like the image of a "tramp". Schindler, the protagonist in Schindler's List, is a profiteer who makes war money. He is a German and a businessman of the Nazi clique. He is greedy for money, loves sex, is extravagant and oppresses Jews, which is also a very negative image. From the beginning, these two characters were both egoists who were indifferent to the victims of the war. Later, they were shocked and changed their minds because they witnessed the inhuman behavior of the totalitarian, risked opposing Nazi warlords to save the victims, and radiated the light of humanitarian spirit.
2.2 Supporting role image key
John and Schindler have changed not only because of their personal experiences, but also because of the people around them. In flowers of war, one of the people who make John brave is a group of prostitutes represented by Yumo, and the other is George, a little priest. The prostitutes' willingness to sacrifice themselves to save female students shocked John, and the righteous actions of a group of weak women living at the bottom of society undoubtedly aroused John's inner pity and courage. George was deeply influenced by the theory of _ _ _ _. He had a strong sense of responsibility and justice, and he also had the fearless spirit of sacrificing his life for justice. His pure kindness and courage undoubtedly promoted John's role change. In Schindler's List, there is also such a person who promotes the transformation of the protagonist. He is Stern, a Jewish accountant. Schindler first sought him for the development of the new factory. Stern used the convenience of working for Schindler to fight for the chance of survival for his compatriots. He recruited the old, weak, sick, women and children, scientists and artists with higher education into the factory, took care of the poor and vulnerable groups, and kept the hope of his nation. His persistence and dedication made Schindler more aware of the tragic situation of Jews. It can be said that Stern urged Schindler to discover his own saving power.
3 Theme-Humble and Great Humanity in War
Both films set the story background in World War II, depicting the trauma of different countries and nationalities in the war. But neither of these films focuses on the war itself, but on the people in the war.
In the two films, the war invaders are cruel and seem to have lost all their humanity. "flowers of war" depicts the inhumanity and cruelty of the Japanese army in the war. At the same time, it also shows the audience this side: Japanese officers and men play and sing nursery rhymes in their hometown, leaving the cruel shell and becoming gentle like all emotional people. However, a temporary emotional outburst did not stop their atrocities. Apart from homesickness, they are still members of the war and fascist forces. So are the intruders on Schindler's list. Nazi officer Amon was a demon who tried to exterminate the Jewish nation. Because of human nature, he fell in love with the Jewish maid Helen, but because of fascist totalitarian education, he lost his mind when he clearly loved Helen and hit her. The thoughts of Japanese officers and soldiers and Nazi officers are contradictory in human nature and inhumanity. In the end, human nature was defeated by totalitarian thought, which showed the willful humility of the invaders in the war.
The victims in the two films are not all United in a common enemy, or not all have the courage to expose the humble side of human nature in the war. In Schindler's List, some Jews became the security police in the Nazi army and satirized those compatriots who disdained to associate with them in the ranks of their compatriots.
In flowers of war, Shu Juan's father worked as a Japanese interpreter and bowed to Japanese officers and soldiers in order to send his daughter out of Nanjing. Although these people associate with the enemy to protect their own interests, their behavior also shows the humbleness of human nature in the process of national survival.
War has not destroyed all human nature. Stern in Schindler's List and Yumo in flowers of war show the greatness of human nature. Regardless of their own safety, they hope to help their compatriots out of the predicament and show the brilliance of human nature in the face of catastrophe. John and Schindler, outsiders in this war, have been discussed in the previous article. They are willing to risk their lives to carry forward the international humanitarian spirit and help the persecuted, and their actions also show the greatness of human nature. The war did not completely take away their conscience, but made them noble.
4 conclusion
Flowers of war and Schindler's List have formed different historical memories of war through the conversion of black-and-white and color images. Similar character settings directly convey the same human theme that the film wants to express. From these aspects, although "flowers of war" didn't win the prize, it still has something worthy of recognition.
References:
[1] Awesome. On the Character Identity of flowers of war [J]. Film Review, 20 12(04).
[2] Nie Xinru. Why film criticism should be too mean ―― Reading the film criticism of flowers of war [J]. Culture, 20 12(02).
[3] Jiang Wen, Jane Mei Fang, Guo Mei. The contest between good and evil ―― The comparative art of Schindler's List [J]. Film Review, 2007(20).
[4] Cao Qinlan. Life consciousness of Schindler's List ―― On the plastic arts of Schindler's List [J]. Wide Angle of Art, 2003(0 1).
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