Adhere to both France and Germany, deepen the cultivation and practice of socialist core values and the theme of publicity and education on the rule of law. The following are some ways for college students to improve their legal literacy. I hope you like them.

Ways to Improve College Students' Legal Literacy (I)

First, the cultivation and research status of legal literacy of college students' entrepreneurs

1. Current situation of legal literacy training of college students' entrepreneurs. Although at this stage, colleges and universities have generally strengthened entrepreneurship education for college students, for example, colleges and universities have widely opened the course "Entrepreneurship Foundation" and related courses for college students. However, the teaching activities of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities pay more attention to the stimulation of entrepreneurial awareness, the cultivation of entrepreneurial ability and entrepreneurial quality, and rarely teach students legal common sense and professional legal procedures related to entrepreneurship, even if it is involved, it is only a passing. As a result, college entrepreneurs generally lack basic entrepreneurial legal literacy, and some entrepreneurs take risks and embark on the road of no return. In addition, a large number of college entrepreneurs lack basic awareness of legal rights protection, which leads to college students' failure to make good use of existing laws to protect their legitimate rights and interests in the process of starting a business, which greatly dampened their enthusiasm for starting a business. From the national level, the current norms on college students' entrepreneurship are mostly concentrated on the policy level, which leads to many, chaotic, low-level and limited practicality. The lack of high-level and systematic laws and regulations on college students' entrepreneurship is not conducive to the cultivation and cultivation of college students' entrepreneurial literacy, and indirectly weakens the formation of college students' entrepreneurial motivation and the shaping of their entrepreneurial ability.

2. Research status of "legal literacy training of college students' entrepreneurs". At present, there are few systematic and special studies on the legal literacy training of college entrepreneurs in China. After literature retrieval in China HowNet periodical database, it is found that there are 2558 papers with the title keyword of "entrepreneur", and only 4 1 paper with the title keyword of "college student entrepreneur", accounting for 1.6% of all the papers on entrepreneurship education, and only 6 papers published in core journals were retrieved. However, there are 0 papers with the key words of "college student entrepreneurs" and "rule of law literacy". It is not difficult to see that the theoretical research on the legal literacy training of college entrepreneurs lags behind the needs of social reality. At present, the research on college student entrepreneurs in China mainly focuses on the analysis of entrepreneurial strategy, the basic entrepreneurial qualities of entrepreneurs such as ideological and moral quality, knowledge quality, ability quality and physical and mental quality, the management ability of entrepreneurs and the exploration of some individual characteristics of entrepreneurs. For example, Li Youping (20 1 1) pointed out that "the main individual factors affecting college students' entrepreneurship are their own ability, personality and knowledge ... the entrepreneurial characteristics of college students directly affect their entrepreneurial performance." [1] Li Haidong (20 13) pointed out that "the quality of college entrepreneurs is not only book knowledge, indirect experience and skilled technical skills, but more importantly, it refers to relevant social knowledge, experience and skills and skills in dealing with social relations and problems ... College entrepreneurs should overcome their weaknesses and turn them into advantages." [2] In addition, some research groups have also conducted special research on issues related to college students' entrepreneurship, but the research level mostly stays on the exploration of entrepreneurial mechanism, entrepreneurial path and entrepreneurs' personal entrepreneurial quality, and the current situation and cultivation of college students' entrepreneurs' legal literacy are less involved, which shows that the research is one-sided. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to systematically study the legal literacy of college entrepreneurs in the era of "maker".

Second, the necessity of cultivating the legal literacy of college entrepreneurs

1. It is the proper meaning of the "Chinese Dream of Rule of Law" to cultivate the legal literacy of college entrepreneurs. 2014110/0, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee made the "Central Committee's Decision on Comprehensively Promoting the Rule of Law", which clarified the general goal and basic direction of the future construction of the rule of law in China and outlined a beautiful blueprint for China ruled by law. College students shoulder the great historical mission of realizing the "Chinese dream of rule of law" and are the main body of rule of law construction in socialist countries; As a key force to promote economic development and social progress, the legal literacy of college entrepreneurs will certainly have an impact on the process of economic construction and legal system construction in China. Therefore, the cultivation of college entrepreneurs' legal literacy is one of the important links to promote the realization of the "Chinese dream ruled by law".

2. It is conducive to promoting social and economic transformation and development. Colleges and universities have four basic functions: talent cultivation, scientific research, social service and cultural inheritance and innovation. At present, China's economic development has entered a new normal, industrial transformation and upgrading, and innovation-driven development is advocated in all fields. As the main position to cultivate professional and technical talents and entrepreneurial talents, serving regional economic and social development is one of the important functions of local ordinary undergraduate universities in China. Colleges and universities actively explore the current situation and training path of college entrepreneurs' legal literacy, and vigorously promote entrepreneurship education with the spirit of reform and innovation, which is conducive to colleges and universities actively adapting to and leading the new normal of China's economic development, and actively integrating into industrial transformation and upgrading and innovation-driven development.

3. It is conducive to promoting the reform of professional talents training in application-oriented universities and comprehensively deepening the reform of higher education. In May of 20 15, the "Implementation Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities" issued by the General Office of the State Council pointed out that "the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education is lagging behind, and the integration with professional education is not tight ... the practice platform is short, the guidance and help are not in place, and the innovation and entrepreneurship education system needs to be improved urgently." [3] 20151/The Ministry of Education, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the Guiding Opinions on Guiding Some Local Colleges and Universities to Transform into Application (hereinafter referred to as the Guiding Opinions). The Guiding Opinions clearly pointed out that the concept of running a school should "turn to serve local economic and social development, turn to school-enterprise cooperation and integration of production and education, turn to cultivate applied technical and technical talents, and turn to enhance students' employment and entrepreneurial ability." [4] At present, only by actively integrating college students' innovation and entrepreneurship education with the reform of professional talents training scheme and curriculum system, organically combining professional education with innovation and entrepreneurship education, and striving to explore the scientific path of cultivating college students' entrepreneurs' legal literacy and put it into practice, can we effectively improve college students' employment and entrepreneurship ability and realize the reform goal of their own transformation and development ahead of schedule.

4. It is conducive to improving the entrepreneurial performance of college students and promoting employment through entrepreneurship. Facing the increasingly severe employment situation, the party and the government have given a good prescription for how to alleviate the employment difficulties of college students, that is, to encourage and support college students to start their own businesses and form a benign interactive situation in which entrepreneurship drives employment. However, for a long time, the reality of college students' entrepreneurship is extremely harsh, with high entrepreneurial will, little practice and low success rate. Under this background, it is of great significance to systematically study the cultivation of college entrepreneurs' legal literacy, condense the connotation and extension of college entrepreneurs' legal literacy, clarify the scientific path of cultivating college entrepreneurs' legal literacy, and cultivate their legal thinking, so as to avoid entrepreneurial failure due to ignorance of the law, disobedience of the law or negligent crime.

Third, the basic path to cultivate college entrepreneurs' legal literacy

1. Incorporate the cultivation of entrepreneurs' legal literacy into the undergraduate talent training plan and create a new education system. First, make overall planning, and incorporate the legal literacy training of entrepreneurs into the undergraduate talent training plan of each major. From the perspective of colleges and universities, the cultivation of entrepreneurs' legal literacy is not a matter of a certain department. There should be an overall top-level design for the cultivation of legal literacy of college students' entrepreneurs. Colleges and universities should incorporate the cultivation of entrepreneurial legal literacy into the undergraduate professional training plan and the whole process of talent training, and organically combine professional education with entrepreneurial legal education. When designing the talent training program, we should pay attention to downplaying the professional boundaries, strengthening the intersection and integration between majors and disciplines, and strengthening the cultivation of practical application ability. This can promote the cooperation between teachers and students in innovation and entrepreneurship, which is also the need of the close connection between talent training and social practice. In addition, entrepreneurship education should be targeted, and some core legal courses related to entrepreneurship should be considered as compulsory courses; Secondary legal courses related to entrepreneurship can be considered as elective courses or public elective courses; For students with practical entrepreneurial needs, we can consider offering special elective courses or offering double-degree courses. In the process of daily education and teaching in colleges and universities, we can consider appropriately reforming the existing general education courses and strengthening the education of college students' entrepreneurial awareness and rule of law awareness, such as moderately strengthening the education of college students' entrepreneurial awareness and labor law knowledge in employment guidance courses to ensure the continuity of education and cover the whole process from enrollment to graduation.

Second, carry out in-depth curriculum reform and jointly create new employment, entrepreneurship and education systems. The cultivation of entrepreneurs' legal literacy cannot be completed by a single teaching unit or a single functional department, but an education system should be formed under the unified coordination of the school. The teaching unit should cooperate with the Youth League Committee, the Student Affairs Office, the Academic Affairs Office and other functional departments to advance hand in hand. First of all, from the perspective of curriculum system design, the cultivation of college students' entrepreneurial legal literacy should pay attention to the study of entrepreneurs' legal basic theoretical knowledge and the cultivation of basic legal practice ability. In the design of course content, the basic legal knowledge that entrepreneurs need can be divided into the following aspects according to the time axis of enterprise establishment, operation and management: first, laws related to market subjects, such as company law, partnership enterprise law, sole proprietorship enterprise law, bankruptcy law, etc. Second, laws related to the business behavior of market entities, such as civil law, tort liability law, contract law, product quality law, guarantee law, consumer rights protection law, intellectual property law, property law, finance and tax law, anti-unfair competition law and other legal knowledge; The third is the laws related to the business behavior of market entities, such as labor law, labor contract law, social security law and so on. Fourth, laws related to the protection of the rights of market participants, such as civil procedure law, criminal procedure law, administrative procedure law, arbitration law, mediation law, etc. Secondly, from the specific implementation of education and teaching, it is necessary to create a curriculum design scheme aimed at improving students' employment and entrepreneurial ability, completely change the past "spoon-feeding" and "indoctrination" teaching modes, comprehensively implement new teaching methods such as case teaching, project teaching, experiential teaching and discussion teaching, gradually expand students' right to choose courses independently, form a good atmosphere for students to actively participate in extracurricular education and teaching practice activities, and realize the effective promotion of college students' innovative and entrepreneurial ability.

2. Incorporate entrepreneurial legal literacy into the evaluation system of entrepreneurial competition. At present, there have been some influential college students' entrepreneurship competitions at home and abroad, such as "Challenge Cup" China College Students' Entrepreneurship Plan Competition, International College Bio-networking Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition, Oxford International Youth Entrepreneurship Competition (YBD), Harvard University's "China Zhizao" (HSEC), AWS Global Entrepreneurship Competition and so on. Looking at the above events, most domestic events are led by the government, focusing on the goal of educating people, aiming at creating an entrepreneurial atmosphere and advocating entrepreneurial culture. Competition and demonstration are obviously more practical than entrepreneurship. However, foreign competitions are mostly sponsored by associations, enterprises and universities, with little government participation, and the focus is on the subsequent transformation of the project and its economic benefits. How to balance the education and practice of entrepreneurship competition, improve the professionalism and simulation of entrepreneurship competition, and realize the transformation from education-oriented to actual combat-oriented is an urgent problem to be solved in China's entrepreneurship competition and entrepreneurship education system. In order to prevent entrepreneurs from bearing adverse legal consequences or being illegally infringed by others due to their lack of basic legal literacy, when improving the evaluation system of entrepreneurship competition, the basic legal literacy of entrepreneurship should be refined into specific assessment contents and scientifically and reasonably incorporated into the evaluation system of entrepreneurship competition. For example, a training and testing system for entrepreneurship law can be set up to test the ability of contestants to deal with legal affairs related to entrepreneurship, which mainly includes filling in registration documents for simulating the establishment of enterprises, signing legal documents for simulating business operations, and simulating the handling process of legal events.

3. Build a trinity of "state, universities and industry associations" to cultivate the rule of law in entrepreneurship. Although the subjective legal thinking and legal awareness of college entrepreneurs have a far-reaching impact on improving entrepreneurial performance, if there is only subjective awareness without concrete practical actions, the rule of law can only be a castle in the air. In order to make the legal practice of college students' entrepreneurship run harmoniously and healthily, we should actively build a trinity legal cultivation mechanism of "state, universities and industry associations". During the operation of this mechanism, the state is mainly responsible for optimizing the legal environment for entrepreneurship, providing a good legal practice environment for college students' entrepreneurs at the legislative, law enforcement and judicial levels, including considering formulating relevant laws and regulations for college students' employment and entrepreneurship, and providing special legal aid; Colleges and universities should undertake the responsibility of cultivating college students' awareness of entrepreneurship and the rule of law, popularizing entrepreneurship common sense education, and publicizing entrepreneurship and the culture of the rule of law; Industry associations should actively provide training, consultation and guidance services for college entrepreneurs in the practice of rule of law in related industries.

The second way to improve college students' legal literacy

The Decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee proposed to promote the construction of China ruled by law. To promote the construction of China ruled by law, we must carry out legal publicity and education in depth and enhance the awareness of respecting and abiding by the law in the whole society. College students are an important force to promote the construction of China ruled by law. How their legal literacy directly affects the effectiveness of the construction of China ruled by law. At present, the effect of law classroom teaching in colleges and universities is not ideal, and various measures need to be taken to optimize it in order to improve college students' legal literacy more effectively.

Increase investment in resources. Some colleges and universities pay insufficient attention to law classroom teaching and lack of resources, which directly affects the quality of law classroom teaching and the improvement of college students' legal literacy. To change this situation, on the one hand, we should strengthen the construction of legal classroom teachers. At present, legal education and ideological and moral education in colleges and universities are the same course, and teachers' professional background is mostly ideological and political education, so it is difficult to be fully qualified for legal teaching tasks. At the same time, teachers with legal background are introduced, and prosecutors and judges with rich legal practice experience are hired as part-time teachers. On the other hand, we should increase investment in law classroom teaching. In addition to increasing the funds needed for daily teaching in the legal classroom, we should also increase the funds for a series of campus legal education activities other than the traditional "small classroom", such as students' legal knowledge contest, the construction of legal campus culture, the construction and maintenance of legal education websites, etc.

Enrich the teaching content. Rigid teaching content, poor pertinence and lack of practical links are the main problems existing in the teaching content of law classroom in colleges and universities, and also the problems that need to be solved with great efforts to optimize the teaching of law classroom. We must enrich the teaching content with the spirit of keeping pace with the times, so that the teaching content of law class in colleges and universities can adapt to the vivid practice of the construction of China ruled by law. First of all, we should establish the concept of designing the teaching content of each class from three aspects: imparting legal knowledge, shaping legal consciousness and cultivating legal ability. Secondly, it is necessary to select typical cases from real life as teaching materials, embed them in the law classroom and enrich the classroom teaching content. Thirdly, we should pay attention to the legislative and judicial trends in China and choose some suitable materials to supplement the classroom teaching content in time.

Improve teaching methods. According to the relevant investigation and analysis, teaching method is the primary factor affecting the teaching effect of law class in colleges and universities. The traditional teacher-centered theoretical teaching method has not adapted to the requirements of legal classroom teaching in the new period. Teachers of law courses in colleges and universities should adhere to the teaching concept of taking students as the center and improving students' legal literacy as the guide, and comprehensively use teaching methods such as question-based, case-based, inquiry-based and discussion-based according to the actual situation of schools and students and based on modern information technology. For example, we can set questions through phenomena (cases) in life to arouse students' thinking, stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning legal provisions and legal theories, cultivate students' ability to analyze and judge problems through discussion and inquiry, improve students' ability to solve practical problems by using law through social practice, and effectively improve college students' legal literacy. In line with this, we can change the large class teaching of law courses into small class teaching and appropriately increase the class hours of law courses.

Improve the evaluation method. "Ordinary grade+final exam" is the main evaluation method adopted in law classroom teaching in colleges and universities at present. Judging from the actual operation effect, this teaching evaluation method has very limited effect on monitoring and improving the quality of law classroom teaching, which leads some students to study law according to the need of "passing the final exam", which is utilitarian, unable to appreciate the fun of learning law and deviates from the teaching goal of improving college students' legal literacy. Modern teaching evaluation means should be introduced to give full play to its guiding, regulating, feedback and improving role in legal classroom teaching activities. Specifically, with the goal of improving college students' legal literacy, we should comprehensively design the evaluation methods of main teaching links, especially strengthen the assessment of students' usual study, increase the evaluation proportion of students' participation in legal practice, and guide students not only to master legal knowledge, but also to enhance their legal awareness and legal ability.

The third way to improve college students' legal literacy

Legal literacy, also known as legal literacy, refers to a person's ability to understand and apply legal knowledge. In recent years, the overall legal literacy of college students has not improved significantly, and many college students lack legal knowledge. Ma Jiajue case, Liu Haiyang case, Yao Jiaxin case, Li Gang case and other frequent college students' criminal incidents show that some contemporary college students are poor in legal knowledge, weak in legal concept and indifferent to legal dignity. According to relevant statistics, in recent years, juvenile crimes account for 70% to 80% of social criminal crimes, among which college students commit crimes 17%. According to relevant statistics, the number of college students committing crimes in China accounts for 1.26% of the total number of colleges and universities, and the crime rate of college students is on the rise. Therefore, it is of more practical significance to improve the legal literacy of college students and cultivate their legal thinking mode in the new period.

1 college students should cultivate legal thinking mode

Whether the socialist legal thought can be deeply rooted in people's hearts is an important guarantee for the smooth implementation of the general plan of governing the country according to law. The legal education in our colleges and universities not only shoulders the task of popularizing legal knowledge to students, but also aims to improve the legal thinking level of college students. There are many ways to cultivate college students' legal thinking level, such as learning legal knowledge and actively participating in legal practice, so that college students can develop legal thinking habits in practice.

1. 1 College students should learn to master legal knowledge.

Since the beginning of the new century, some illegal and criminal cases on university campuses and college students have been on the rise year by year. The survey shows that 3 1% of college students who commit crimes on campus in a southern city come from key universities, even including doctoral students and master students. This can not help but give us important enlightenment. Our university education should not only pay attention to students' grades, but also improve their comprehensive quality. Legal education plays an important role in comprehensively improving college students' values, moral cultivation, thinking mode and mental state, and can effectively improve their comprehensive quality and promote the formation of their legal thinking mode. Therefore, today's college students should master the corresponding legal knowledge and understand the socialist legal principles. Only in this way can they understand the spirit of socialist rule of law and cultivate the concept of socialist rule of law.

1.2 college students must master certain legal methods and actively participate in legal practice.

What is the legal method? Simply put, legal method is a way for people to think and solve practical problems from the standpoint of law. In order to cultivate legal thinking mode, college students must understand and master basic legal methods. The formation of legal thinking mode is largely formed through practice. It can be said that legal methods cannot be separated from legal practice. Therefore, college students should actively participate in social legal practice, form the habit of legal thinking in practice, use legal methods, and establish legal beliefs in legal practice. We can organize students to participate in legal practice from the following aspects:

(1) Let students intuitively understand the application process of law. Guide college students to pay attention to social hotspots, analyze the causes of hotspots from the perspective of law, and try to think about how to solve problems in hotspots with legal weapons, so that students can feel the great role of law in social practice.

(2) When formulating various rules and regulations closely related to students' interests, schools should fully respect students' rights, actively listen to students' opinions and suggestions, strengthen school system construction, enhance students' legal awareness, and guide students to participate in legal practice.

(3) Actively organize students to go deep into the society, carry out social practice, adhere to the combination of on-campus and off-campus education, and give full play to the role of off-campus activity venues and various legal education bases. The legal education of college students should not be confined to campus, but should carry out social practice activities and go to the society to understand the social influence of law.

2. Enhance college students' legal beliefs.

The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that the political system reform needs to continue to deepen the construction of democracy and legal system to meet the requirements of expanding people's democracy and economic and social development. Because the democratic thinking mode of the rule of law can't naturally occur in people's minds, only constant education can change people's fixed thinking mode. The most important prerequisite and necessary condition for China to realize a socialist country ruled by law is to establish socialist legal belief among college students. Borrowing Pahlman's famous saying that "the law must be believed, otherwise it will exist in name only", it can be said that all people who respect the rule of law should establish their faith in the law. Legal belief is people's rational admiration for the law, and it also entrusts citizens' ultimate concern for the law. College students' legal belief is the legal ideal and belief formed by college students in the process of responding to law and legal phenomena in modern social environment. The legal consciousness of contemporary college students has been greatly awakened and improved. They agree with modern legal concepts such as justice, democracy, equality and freedom, but most of them still stay at the level of perceptual cognition. Only by letting college students identify with the law emotionally and have feelings of reverence, attachment and respect for the law can they form and establish legal beliefs in a subtle way. The premise of correctly establishing and cultivating college students' legal belief is to form legal feelings. By improving the legal environment and strengthening the legal education of society, the state and schools, a good legal belief atmosphere will be gradually established nationwide. Contemporary college students shoulder the heavy responsibility of the great rejuvenation of the motherland. They should seriously study legal knowledge, deeply understand the important role of law in modern society, and profoundly grasp the spirit of China's socialist law, so as to establish their belief in China's socialist law.

3. Change the understanding and orientation of legal education in colleges and universities.

At present, colleges and universities lack systematic and long-term planning for college students' legal education, and do not treat ideological and moral cultivation and legal knowledge in the legal foundation as a course, nor do they include it as a kind of personal quality training for college students in the overall planning of school quality education.

It is the premise of legal education for college students to master legal knowledge. At present, the practice of higher education ignores legal education, and even confuses it with the teaching of legal knowledge, which lacks systematicness, integrity and coherence. At present, the course "Fundamentals of Law" in colleges and universities has become a hodgepodge of laws in various departments, with complicated contents and thick teaching materials. Due to the lack of teaching hours and many contents, many college teachers are either scratching their heads or struggling to cope. There is a lack of necessary communication between teachers and students, and discussion classes, typical cases and social phenomenon analysis can not be carried out well due to the limitation of teaching hours. This situation directly leads to many college students' legal knowledge, just staying in notes and books to draw pictures, lacking the real cultivation of college students' legal awareness.

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