What conditions should a basketball referee have]

Modern basketball develops rapidly, the competition is more and more fierce, the fighting is more and more fierce, the technical application is more ingenious, and the tactical changes are extremely complicated. Therefore, the requirements for referees are getting higher and higher, and referees must have noble professional ethics; Familiar with rules and judgment methods; Quick response ability; Strong self-confidence; Broad vision; Appropriate penalty angle; A stable emotional state; The tacit cooperation between the two referees; Strong physical foundation; Solid professional basic skills; Good command of foreign languages; Know basketball skills and tactics; Strong anti-interference ability; Rich on-the-spot experience and other basic qualities. Only by showing these basic qualities in a referee at the same time can we establish and maintain fair and objective competition conditions for both sides of the competition, and let the athletes and coaches of both sides fight legally under equal conditions, and the outcome will become the inevitable result of the true and on-the-spot performance of both sides. At the same time, when training and hiring basketball referees in the future, we should take these as reference and strengthen the assessment and audit in these aspects. The new physical education curriculum "All Rights Reserved"

A number of national referees, associate professors and senior referees conducted questionnaires and interviews, * * * distributed 32 questionnaires, and 29 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a recovery rate of 90.6%. The new physical education curriculum "All Rights Reserved"

In the research of this topic, I consulted nearly 100 articles and a large number of research documents about basketball rules published in China in the past five years, consulted books on psychology, refereeing, sports statistics, sports research methods and other related disciplines 10 Yu Ben, and interviewed and consulted more than 20 basketball experts and senior referees. The new physical education curriculum "All Rights Reserved"

2. 1 Mastering rules and referees means that as an excellent referee, you must have a deep understanding and comprehensive grasp of rules and referees, which is the theoretical basis for referees to make decisions. Only by understanding deeply and mastering comprehensively can the correct penalty be made on the spot. Basketball rules are the rules that both sides must abide by during the game. Only by mastering the terms and spirit of the rules can we know what is reasonable and what is unreasonable. Referee law refers to the method by which the referee makes a correct judgment on all the behaviors inside and outside the stadium according to the rules during the competition. They are unified and must be mastered under the premise of mastering the law. The new physical education curriculum "All Rights Reserved"

2.2 Solid professional basic skills refer to the basic skills used by basketball referees in on-the-spot matches, including gestures, eyes, whistling, basic steps, counting seconds and pitching. Gestures should be "timely, accurate, clear, generous and rhythmic"; At first glance, we should give consideration to both "point" and "surface" and see it comprehensively and clearly; The whistle must be blown accurately, quickly and loudly to show the decisiveness of the referee. If necessary, it can be combined with spoken English. We should master the basic steps of running, that is, fast walking, jogging, fast running, sideways running, sliding, retreating, crossing and retreating. Different areas use different ways to move: for regular violations of 3, 5, 10 seconds, you should always count the electronic watch silently, instead of counting the violation time of 1, 2, 3, so that one plus one, two plus two, three plus three is the correct speed; Throwing the ball must be vertical and reach the height required by the rules. Only by repeated practice can the throwing be vertical and moderately high. Referees run an average of 3-4 kilometers per race, and they must have a strong body if they are involved in the race 50- 100 times. If they don't have enough physical strength, can't keep up with the rhythm of the game, can't run in place or grab the gap, and can't see some movements clearly, it will lead to their decreased reaction ability and weakened control over the game, which will inevitably reduce the accuracy and rationality of judgment. The new physical education curriculum "All Rights Reserved"

2.3 Higher foreign language proficiency With the increasingly fierce competition in the Men's Basketball League A, the phenomenon that the team employs foreign players has become common, which has brought many new problems to the law enforcement management of on-site referees and failed to stop and deal with the bad behavior of foreign players in time. English is the only tool to communicate with foreign players on the court and to control the game scene. Maintaining the authority, notarization and legitimacy of rules and adjudication laws is the most effective guarantee. China basketball is in line with the world. It is the general trend to go out and come in. As referees, we should conform to this trend, strive to learn English well and improve our professional quality. The new physical education curriculum "All Rights Reserved"

2.4 A referee who is familiar with basketball skills and tactics should observe the players' various technical movements on the spot, and every judgment should be made according to the players' technical rationality and rules. It is hard to imagine an excellent referee who can accurately judge all kinds of violations and fouls without knowing basketball skills and tactics. The deeper the referee knows about basketball skills and tactics, the stronger his foresight, the faster his reaction and the more timely and accurate his judgment. Referees should understand the characteristics of basketball, be familiar with the technical essentials and tactical play, so as to effectively grasp its movement rules, make an instantaneous and intuitive identification of the complicated technical and tactical actions completed by athletes and make a correct judgment. The new physical education curriculum "All Rights Reserved"

3. 1 Rich on-the-spot experience refers to the accumulation of representation and perceptual experience obtained by referees in many on-the-spot competitions. Only with rich on-the-spot experience can we control the tense and explosive scenes and key moments of the game. When you find problems in the competition, you can use the method of "cooling down" to advise and guide the athletes of both sides in language and solve the situation in the bud. If necessary, you can warn the players or even stop the game, and ask the coaches of both sides to help. When dealing with problems, you can choose "multiple shields to take the light", not just considering the presence. The new physical education curriculum "All Rights Reserved"

3.2 Quick reaction ability The referee sees and captures fouls, fouls or collisions between bodies or other abnormal sounds. These visual and auditory signals are automatically input into the referee's brain, and the central nervous system immediately processes these signals to distinguish the nature and the corresponding punishment. At the same time, the referee's whistle and a series of gestures belong to the referee's reaction process The shorter the process takes, the stronger the referee's reaction ability. The new physical education curriculum "All Rights Reserved"

3.3 Broadening the field of vision is the space that people can feel (see) when looking forward. The referee's field of vision refers to the size of the space that can be observed by both eyes in a basketball game. According to relevant data, 50% of external information is transmitted to the brain through the eyes, and referees mainly rely on vision to transmit information. The size of the field of vision directly affects the observation surface and effect of the referee at the scene. Observing the whole regional space and whether the players' actions meet the requirements of basketball rules, so as to make a correct judgment, which fully shows the importance of the referee's broad vision. The new physical education curriculum "All Rights Reserved"

3.4 The appropriate penalty angle refers to the angle of view (including the size and distance of penalty angle) selected by the referee when making a penalty on the spot, and the angle of view refers to the angle at which the players of both sides stimulate the retina to form an object image when violating the action technique. If the observation distance is too close and the penalty angle is large, attention will be formed, the face will be ignored and the overall situation of the game will not be seen. If the observation distance is too far and the penalty angle is small, it is easy to miss the foul action in an instant, so the referee should not be too close or too far away from the observation area. According to the requirements of binocular vision function and competition characteristics for referee's vision and visual acuity, the distance between referee and observation area is generally 3.5-5 meters. The new physical education curriculum "All Rights Reserved"

3.5 The tacit cooperation between the two referees. The two referees should trust each other and work together. According to the regional division of labor of the referee law, let the referee decide whether to violate the rules nearby, do not dispute the referee, do not follow the referee, do not blow the whistle after the companion blows the whistle, do not miss the judgment, and do not change the judgment of the companion in the region. Unless there is a serious mistake, you can remind the companion to change the judgment himself. The new physical education curriculum "All Rights Reserved"

4. 1 noble professional ethics and good psychological quality professional ethics refers to the norms and guidelines that referees follow when performing on-the-spot tasks. Referees are both organizers and managers of competitions. Referees who wholeheartedly contribute to the development of management techniques and tactics must take professional ethics as the primary quality, have a noble career and be based on facts in the competition. Only by taking rules as the criterion can we draw a clear line between legality and illegality, right and wrong, lightness and heaviness, and make objective and correct punishment. The new physical education curriculum "All Rights Reserved"

4.2 Strong self-confidence refers to the positive and stable psychological state of referees in the competition. In other words, self-confidence means believing in yourself, which is the spiritual pillar of the referee's on-the-spot judgment. With self-confidence, we can increase the optimism and courage on the spot, eliminate and prevent the inferiority complex on the spot, and improve the decisive and resolute ability of on-the-spot handling. Make comprehensive preparations for all kinds of competitions ideologically, technically, physically and psychologically. The new physical education curriculum "All Rights Reserved"

4.3 Stable emotional state Emotion is a special reflection of people on the objective world, a reflection of people's attitude towards objective things that meet their own needs, and a reflection of individuals' subjective experience and behavior when meeting their needs. Emotions are usually divided into "increasing potential" and "decreasing potential". Any emotion that can improve people's judgment and work ability is called "strengthening emotion", which can also be called pleasure emotion or stable emotional state. It includes pleasure, happiness, courage, goodwill, harmony and so on. Any emotion that leads to the decrease of people's judgment and ability to work is called "strength-reducing emotion", which is also called unpleasant emotion or unstable emotional state, including anger, anxiety, fear and dissatisfaction. Only when the referee obtains a stable emotional state at the scene can he be clear-headed, calm and steady, active in thinking, focused, quick in response, timely in whistle, reasonable in sentencing and decisive and accurate in handling problems, and can he give full play to the technical and tactical level of athletes on both sides of the competition. The new physical education curriculum "All Rights Reserved"

4.4 Good ability to resist external interference. The coach's arrogant performance and constant complaints in the game, actions, words and deeds that threaten you, embarrass you or make athletes not calm are unforgivable. Courageously punish according to the rules and establish the belief of "I am the master" in the competition field. The audience often has a strong tendency, such as the audience booing. The referee should deal with it rationally, and the referee should take an attitude of ignoring the audience's call and not let the audience influence his own judgment. The new physical education curriculum "All Rights Reserved"

Noble professional ethics is the basis of improving the referee's penalty level; Proficiency in rules and judgment methods is a prerequisite; Fast reaction ability, strong self-confidence, stable emotional state and good ability to resist external interference are the guarantees; Broad vision, suitable penalty angle and solid basic skills are the key; Strong physical foundation, good foreign language level, and understanding basketball skills and tactics is fundamental; The tacit cooperation between the two referees is the guarantee; Rich on-the-spot experience is the essence of improving the level of referees. The new physical education curriculum "All Rights Reserved"

When selecting and training basketball referees, we should focus on these basic qualities. When hiring and using referees in the competition, we should focus on whether they have these qualities at the same time. The new physical education curriculum "All Rights Reserved"

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