Grapes are native to Asia Minor in southwest Asia. In the early Mesopotamian civilization around 4000 BC, people could already make wine. Nowadays, wine has become a common drink on people's table, also known as "forever"
During the period of 1992, in a TV program "The Mystery of France" of CBS, it was concluded that the French love to eat foods with high fat and sugar, but the incidence of cardiovascular diseases is the lowest in the world, which is attributed to the French love to drink wine. The famous "French paradox" also gave birth to the concept that drinking red wine can reduce cardiovascular disease. However, it was later found that a series of studies that confirmed this concept were exaggerated or distorted, and red wine became the "gossip star" in alcoholic beverages.
Where does the theory that drinking red wine can soften blood vessels come from?
Red wine is bright in color and unique in aroma. There are 1 ~ 59 phenolic compounds in every liter of red wine. Polyphenols in red wine (gallic acid, catechin, proanthocyanidins from kitanone and resveratrol) can inhibit the oxidation of low density lipoprotein and the coagulation of platelets, thus preventing atherosclerosis and reducing the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. The most important one is resveratrol.
Scutellarin exists in 72 kinds of plants, such as grape skin, peanut and mulberry, with the highest content in grape. It is a plant antitoxin produced by vines, which is used to resist the invasion of mold. Scutellarin is insoluble in water and cannot be absorbed by human body, but soluble in alcohol. Eugenol has the effects of resisting platelet aggregation, regulating lipid metabolism, relaxing blood vessels, protecting the heart and regulating estrogen.
So is drinking red wine really effective?
In an animal experiment, the dose of resveratrol was between 250 ~ 250 ~ 500mg, which played a good preventive role in the arteriosclerosis experiment in mice.
Converted into human body, the daily intake of resveratrol is at least 29. The content of resveratrol in red wine is 1~ 16.3mg/L, and the capacity of a bottle of wine is 750ml. You need to drink 120~ 160 bottles to achieve the effective dose.
Another study holds that the bioavailability of resveratrol in human body is extremely low, and a person needs to drink at least 60L of red wine every day to achieve an effective dose. In other words, even if you are invited to swim in a red wine bath every day, it will not bring considerable heart benefits.
What is the French paradox?
The local Mediterranean diet in France is mainly composed of vegetables, fruits, fish, whole grains, beans and olive oil. Mediterranean diet especially emphasizes: the principle of moderate balance, healthy lifestyle, optimistic attitude towards life, and insisting on moderate exercise. This has a lot to do with their cardiovascular health.
Appendix: It is said that drinking should be moderate. How much is moderate drinking?
The drinking guide issued by the British Ministry of Health on 20 16 suggests: Don't drink too much at a time, because drinking too much will increase the risk of accidents, injuries and chronic diseases. In order to minimize health risks, people should not drink more than 14 units per week. This 14 unit of alcohol should be drunk as evenly as possible within 3 days. 14 unit alcohol content table may mean that foreign products are not necessarily suitable for domestic use. The dietary guidelines for China in 20 16 also give suggestions: the maximum amount of alcohol consumed by adult men and women in a day should not exceed 25.9 and 159, which is equivalent to the following amounts:
Category 15g alcohol 25g alcohol
Beer? 450ml？ 750ml？
Wine? 150ml？ 250 ml
38% alcohol white wine? 50 ml 75 ml
30 ml and 50 ml of high-alcohol liquor
However, this "moderate amount" will still lead to a significant increase in the risk of various diseases. For example, the risk of oral cancer and throat cancer can be increased by 82%, esophageal cancer by 39%, laryngeal cancer by 43%, breast cancer by 25%, essential hypertension by 43%, chronic pancreatitis by 34% and cirrhosis by 1.9 times.
Others, such as colon cancer, rectal cancer and liver cancer, have a slightly increased risk. Drinking alcohol will increase the incidence of breast cancer and atrial fibrillation. There is no absolute safe amount of drinking. It is suggested that for the sake of health, drink as little as possible or even not. In addition, drinking alcohol will lead to more energy intake. When drinking, it is often accompanied by other foods. In addition, 100ml red wine produces at least 70kcal of energy, which is easy to consume too much. If you can't control it, it will do more harm than good to your health.